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1.
John K. G. Kramer Edward R. Farnworth Kathleen M. Johnston Mark S. Wolynetz H. Wayne Modler Frank D. Sauer 《Lipids》1990,25(11):729-737
This study was undertaken to determine whether the neonate was more susceptible to the effects of dietary erucic acid (22∶1n−9)
than the adult. Newborn piglets were used to assess the safety of different levels of 22∶1n−9 on lipid and histological changes
in the heart. Newborn piglets showed no myocardial lipidosis as assessed by oil red 0 staining, but lipidosis appeared with
consumption of sow milk and disappeared by seven days of age. Milk replacer diets containing soybean oil, or rapeseed oil
mixtures with up to 5% 22∶1n−9 in the oil, or 1.25% in the diet, gave trace myocardial lipidosis. Rapeseed oil mixtures with
7 to 42.9% 22∶1n−9 showed definite myocardial lipidosis in newborn piglets, which correlated to dietary 22∶1n−9, showing a
maximum after one week on diet. The severity of the lipidosis was greater than observed previously with weaned pigs. There
were no significant differences among diets in cardiac lipid classes except for triacylglycerol (TAG), which increased in
piglets fed a repeseed oil with 42.9% 22∶1n−9. TAG showed the highest incorporation of 22∶1n−9, the concentration of 22∶1n−9
in TAG was similar to that present in the dietary oil. Among the cardiac phospholipids, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine
had the highest, and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) the lowest level of 22∶1n−9. The low content of 22∶1n−9 in DPG of newborn
piglets is not observed in weaned pigs and rats fed high erucic acid rapeseed oil. The relative concentration of saturated
fatty acids was lowered in all cardiac phospholipids of piglets fed rapeseed oils, possibly due to the low content of saturated
fatty acids in rapeseed oils. The results suggest that piglets fed up to 750 mg 22∶1n−9/kg body weight/day showed no adverse
nutritional or cardiac effects. 相似文献
2.
The influence of dietary partially hydrogenated marine oils containing docosenoic acid on rat heart mitochondrial membrane
phospholipid fatty acid composition was studied with particular reference to cardiolipin and oxidative phosphorylation. Five
groups of male weanling rats were fed diets containing 20% (w/w) peanut oil (PO), partially hydrogenated peanut oil (HPO),
partially hydrogenated Norwegian capelin oil (HCO), partially hydrogenated herring oil (HHO), and rapeseed oil (RSO) for 10
weeks. All the cardiac phospholipids investigated were influenced by the experimental diets. An increased amount of arachidonic
acid observed in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) after feeding partially hydrogenated oils suggests a changed regulation of
the arachidonic acid metabolism in comparison with PO treatment. 22∶1 originating from the dietary oils was incorporated only
to a small extent into phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PE. A selective incorporation of 18∶1 isomers into the 1- and 2-positions
of PC and PE with respect to geometry and position of the double bond was observed. Large amounts of 18∶1trans were incorporated into the 1-position of PC and PE, irrespective of the amount of 18∶2 supplemented to the diets, replacing
a considerable proportion of stearic acid in this position. After feeding HHO and RSO, the content of 22∶1 in mitochondrial
cardiolipin of rat heart was found to be 3% (mainly cetoleic acid) and 10% (mainly erucic acid), respectively, indicating
a high affinity forcis isomers of 22∶1, but also a considerable resistance against incorporation oftrans isomers was observed. The ability of rat cardiac mitochondria to oxidize palmitoylcarnitine and to synthesize ATP was depressed
after feeding HHO and RSO. Dietarycis isomers of 22∶1 seem to have a specific ability to interfere with cardiac ATP synthesis and also to alter the fatty acid
composition of cardiolipin of rat heart. 相似文献
3.
trans Isometric fatty acids of partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO) consist oftrans 20∶1 andtrans 22∶1 in addition to thetrans isomers of 18∶1, which are abundant in hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as in partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSBO).
The effects of dietarytrans fatty acids in PHFO and PHSBO on the fatty acid composition of milk were studied at 0 (colostrum) and 21 dayspostpartum in sows. The dietary fats were PHFO (28%trans), or PHSBO (36%trans) and lard. Sunflower seed oil (4%) was added to each diet. The fats were fed from three weeks of age throughout the lactation
period of Experiment 1. In Experiment 2 PHFO or “fully” hydrogenated fish oil (HFO) (19%trans), in comparison with coconut oil (CF) (0%trans), was fed with two levels of dietary linoleic acid, 1 and 2.7% from conception throughout the lactation period. Feedingtrans-containing fats led to secretion oftrans fatty acids in the milk lipids. Levels oftrans 18∶1 andtrans 20∶1 in milk lipids, as percentages of totalcis+trans 18∶1 andcis+trans 20∶1, respectively, were about 60% of that of the dietary fats, with no significant differences between PHFO and PHSBO. The
levels were similar for colostrum and milk. Feeding HFO gave relatively lesstrans 18∶1 andtrans 20∶1 fatty acids in milk lipids than did PHFO and PHSBO. Only low levels ofcis+trans 22∶1 were found in milk lipids. Feedingtrans-containing fat had no consistent effects on the level of polyenoic fatty acids but reduced the level of saturated fatty acids
and increased the level ofcis+trans monoenoic fatty acids. Increasing the dietary level of linoleic acid had no effect on the secretion oftrans fatty acids but increased the level of linoleic acid in milk. The overall conclusion was that the effect of dietary fats
containingtrans fatty acids on the fat content and the fatty acid composition of colostrum and milk in sows were moderate to minor. 相似文献
4.
J. K. G. Kramer F. D. Sauer M. S. Wolynetz E. R. Farnworth K. M. Johnston 《Lipids》1992,27(8):619-623
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for one week diets containing 20% by weight fat/oil mixtures with different levels of erucic
acid (22∶1n−9) (∼2.5 or 9%) and total saturated fatty acids (∼8 or 35%). Corn oil and high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR) oil
were fed as controls. The same hearts were evaluated histologically using oil red O staining and chemically for cardiac triacylglycerol
(TAG) and 22∶1n−9 content in cardiac TAG to compare the three methods for assessing lipid accumulation in rat hearts. Rats
fed corn oil showed trace myocardial lipidosis by staining, and a cardiac TAG content of 3.6 mg/g wet weight in the absence
of dietary 22∶1n−9. An increase in dietary 22∶1n−9 resulted in significantly increased myocardial lipidosis as assessed histologically
and by an accumulation of 22∶1n−9 in heart lipids; there was no increase in cardiac TAG except when HEAR oil was fed. An increase
in saturated fatty acids showed no changes in myocardial lipid content assessed histologically, the content of cardiac TAG
or the 22∶1n−9 content of TAG at either 2.5 or 9% dietary 22∶1n−9. The histological staining method was more significantly
correlated to 22∶1n−9 in cardiac TAG (r=0.49;P<0.001) than to total cardiac TAG (r=0.40;P<0.05). The 22∶1n−9 content was highest in cardiac TAG and free fatty acids. Among the cardiac phospholipids, the highest
incorporation was observed into phosphatidylserine, followed by sphingomyelin. With the addition of saturated fat, the fatty
acid composition showed decreased accumulation of 22∶1n−9 and increased levels of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in
most cardiac phospholipids, despite decreased dietary concentrations of their precursor fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic
acids. 相似文献
5.
The effects of dietarytrans fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of the brain in comparison with other organs were studied in 3-wk-old suckling
piglets. In Experiment (Expt.) 1 the piglets were delivered from sows fed partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO) (28%trans), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSBO) (36%trans) or lard (0%trans). In Expt. 2 the piglets were delivered from sows fed PHFO, hydrogenated fish oil (HFO) (19%trans) or coconut fat (CF) (0%trans) with two levels of dietary linoleic acid (1 and 2.7%) according to factorial design. In both experiments the mother's milk
was the piglets' only food. The level of incorporation oftrans fatty acids in the organs was dependent on the levels in the diets and independent of fat source (i.e., PHSBO, PHFO or HFO). Incorporation oftrans fatty acids into brain PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) was non-detectable in Expt. 1. In Expt. 2, small amounts (less than
0.5%) of 18∶1trans isomers were found in the brain, the level being slightly more on the lower level of dietary linoleic acid compared to the
higher. In the other organs the percentage of 18∶1trans increased in the following order: heart PE, liver mitochondria PE, plasma lipids and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Small amounts
of 20∶1trans were found in adipose tissue and plasma lipids. Other very long-chain fatty acids from PHFO or HFO (i.e., 20∶1cis and 22∶1cis+trans) were found in all organ lipids except for brain PE. Dietarytrans fatty acids increased the percentage of 22∶5n−6 in brain PE. Except for the brain and the heart, dietarytrans fatty acids reduced the percentage of saturated fatty acids and increased the percentage of monoenoic acids (includingtrans). The overall conclusion was that dietarytrans fatty acids had no noticeable effect on the brain PE composition but slight to moderate effects on the fatty acid profile
of other organs of suckling piglets. 相似文献
6.
Benny Jensen 《Lipids》1976,11(3):179-188
Weanling rats were fed essential fatty acid-deficient diets, either completely fat-free, or with partially hydrogenated fish
oil (PHFO, 28 wt %), or with fractions derived from PHFO containing primarily positional isomers oftrans-eicosenoate (20∶1, 3 wt %) ortrans-docosenoate (22∶1, 3 wt %). Control animals were fed a peanut oil-containing diet (28 wt %). After 5 or 15 weeks on the diet,
the content of neutral and phosphorus-containing lipids in the testes was determined. The fatty acid distribution in major
lipid classes was analyzed for animals fed the diets for 15 weeks. The testicular stage of maturation or degeneration was
assessed by histology. The group fed PHFO exhibited signs of complete testicular degeneration, or lack of maturation, already
after 5 weeks, whereas the animals on the diets with the very long chain monoenoic acids suffered severe degenerations only
after 15 weeks. In the PHFO-fed rats, a sharp decline in the concentration of testicular triacylglycerols was observed. In
all of the essential fatty acid-deficient groups, an increase in testicular sphingomyelin was observed. Cholesterol levels
were fairly similar among all dietary groups. The total testicular fatty acids of the PHFO-fed animals contained somewhat
more eicosadienoic acid than found in the other groups, and somewhat less (n−9)-acids. In all EFA-deficient groups, (n−6)-acids
were lowered, in particular in triacylglycerols and phosphatidyl cholines. The PHFO group did not show a lower (n−6)-concentration
than the other deficient groups, in spite of the more severe symptoms of deficiency. There was no evidence of a major accumulation
of long chain isomeric fatty acids in the degenerated testes of the PHFO-, 20∶1, and 22∶1-fed groups. 相似文献
7.
Synthesized oils containing a high proportion of oleic, eicosenoic or docosenoic acid were fed to weanling rats as 20% w/w
of the diet. After 1 week, a high intake of eicosenoate produced cardiac fat droplets detected histologically, whereas erucate
(22∶1 Δ 13) or cetoleate (22∶1 Δ 11) caused an appreciably greater accumulation of cardiac lipid characterized by the dietary
fatty acids. 相似文献
8.
The influence of the linoleic acid levels of diets containing partially hydrogenated marine, oils (HMO) rich in isomeric 16∶1,
18∶1, 20∶1 and 22∶1 fatty acids on the fatty acid profiles of lipids from rat liver, heart and adipose tissue was examined.
Five groups of rats were fed diets containing 20 wt% fat−16% HMO+4% vegetable oils. In these diets, the linoleic acid contents
varied between 1.9% and 14.5% of the dietary fatty acids, whereas the contents oftrans fatty acids were 33% in all groups. A sixth group was fed a partially hydrogenated soybean oil (HSOY) diet containing 8%
linoleic acid plus 32%trans fatty acids, mainly 18∶1, and a seventh group, 20% palm oil (PALM), with 10% linoleic acid and notrans fatty acids.
As the level of linoleic acid in the HMO diets increased from 1.9% to 8.2%, the contents of (n−6) polyunsaturated fatty acids
(PUFA) in the phospholipids increased correspondingly. At this dietary level of linoleic acid, a plateau in (n−6) PUFA was
reached that was not affected by further increase in dietary 18∶2(n−6) up to 14.5%. Compared with the HSOY- or PALM-fed rats,
the plateau value of 20∶4(n−6) were considerably lower and the contents of 18∶2(n−6) higher in liver phosphatidylcholines
(PC) and heart PC. Heart phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) on the contrary, had elevated contents of 20∶4(n−6), but decreased
22∶5(n−6) compared with the PALM group.
All groups fed HMO had similar contents oftrans fatty acids, mainly 16∶1 and 18∶1, in their phospholipids, irrespective of the dietary 18∶2 levels, and these contents were
lower than in the HSOY group.
High levels of linoleic acid consistently found in triglycerides of liver, heart and adipose tissue of rats fed HMO indicated
that feeding HMO resulted in a reduction of the conversion of linoleic acid into long chain PUFA that could not be overcome
by increasing the dietary level of linoleic acid. 相似文献
9.
Lennart Svensson 《Lipids》1983,18(3):171-178
The influence of dietary partially hydrogenated marine oils on distribution of phospholipid fatty acids in rat liver microsomes
was studied with particular reference to the metabolism of linoleic acid. Five groups of weanling rats were fed diets containing
20% (w/w) peanut oil (PO), partially hydrogenated peanut oil (HPO), partially hydrogenated Norwegian capelin oil (HCO), partially
hydrogenated herring oil (HHO), and rapeseed oil (RSO) for 10 weeks. The partially hydrogenated oils were supplemented with
linoleic acid corresponding to 4.6 cal % in the diets. Accumulation of linoleic acid and reduced amount of total linoleic
acid metabolites were observed in liver microsomal phospholipids from rats fed partially hydrogenated oils as compared to
PO feeding. The most striking effects on the distribution of ω6-polyunsaturated fatty acids was obtained after feeding HHO,
a marine oil with a moderate content oftrans fatty acids in comparison with HPO but rich in isomers of eicosenoic and docosenoic acids. Liver microsomal Δ6-as well as Δ6-desaturase activities as measured in vitro were reduced in rats kept on HHO as compared to PO dietary treatment. The results
obtained suggest that the dietary influence of partially hydrogenated marine oils on the metabolism of linoleic acid might
be better related to the intake of isomeric eicosenoic and docosenoic acids than to the total intake oftrans fatty acids. 相似文献
10.
John K. G. Kramer Frank D. Sauer Edward R. Farnworth Mark S. Wolynetz Gwynn Jones Gail A. Rock 《Lipids》1994,29(12):859-868
To test if linolenic acid (18∶3n−3) from vegetable oils would affect bleeding times and platelet counts in new-borns, piglets
were used as a model fed milk replacer diets containing 25% (by wt) vegetable oils or oil mixtures for 28 d and compared to
sow-reared piglets. The oils tested included soybean, canola, olive, high oleic sunflower (HOAS), a canola/coconut mixture
and a mixture of oils mimicking canola in fatty acid composition. All piglets fed the milk replacer diets showed normal growth.
Bleeding times increased after birth from 4–6 min to 7–10 min by week 4 (P<0.001), and were higher in pigs fed diets containing 18∶3n−3, as well as in sowreared piglets receiving n−3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFA) in the milk, as compared to diets low in 18∶3n−3. Platelet numbers increased within the first week in newborn
piglets from 300 to 550×109/L, and remained high thereafter. Milk replacer diets, containing vegetable oils, generally showed a transient delay in the
rise of platelet numbers, which was partially associated with an increased platelet volume. The oils showed differences in
the length of delay, but by the third week of age, all platelet counts were >500×109/L. The delay in rise in platelet counts appeared to be related to the fatty acid composition of the oil, as the effect was
reproduced by a mixture of oils with a certain fatty acid profile, and disappeared upon the addition of saturated fatty acids
to the vegetable oil. There were no alterations in the coagulation factors due to the dietary oils. Blood plasma, platelets
and red blood cell membranes showed increased levels of 18∶3n−3 and long-chain n−3 PUFA in response to dietary 18∶3n−3. The
level of saturated fatty acids in blood lipids was generally lower in canola and HOAS oil-fed piglets as compared to piglets
fed soybean oil or reared with the sow. The results suggest that consumption of milk replacer diets containing vegetable oils
rich in 18∶3n−3 does not represent a bleeding risk, and that the transient lower platelet count can be counterbalanced by
the addition of saturated fatty acids to the vegetable oils. 相似文献
11.
The effects of dietarytrans fatty acids on tissue fatty acid composition were studied in newborn piglets delivered from sows fed partially hydrogenated
fish oil (PHFO) (28%trans) or partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSBO) (36%trans) in comparison with lard (0%trans) from 3 wk of age and through gestation in Experiment 1, or fed PHFO or “fully” hydrogenated fish oil (HFO) (19%trans) in comparison with coconut oil (CF) (0%trans) with two levels, 1 and 2.7%, of dietary linoleic acid from conception through gestation in Experiment 2. The piglets were
sampled immediately after delivery, without having access to mothers' milk.
Incorporation oftrans fatty acids into brain PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) were non-detectable or very low (less than 0.1%). The incorporation
of 18∶1trans into heart-PE, liver mitochondria-PE, total plasma lipids and adipose tissue was low, and 20∶1trans was not detected. Dietarytrans fatty acids had no consistent effects on the overall fatty acid composition of the different tissue lipids. It is conclude
thattrans fatty acids from PHFO, HFO and PHSBO have no significant effects on the fatty acid accretion in the fetal piglet. 相似文献
12.
The effect of clofibrate on heart and plasma lipids in rats fed a diet containing 30% of the calories as peanut oil (PO) or
rapeseed oil (RSO) (42.7% erucic acid and 0.5% eicosenoic acid) was studied. A decrease of erucic acid content to one-third
and concomitant increase in the content of 18∶1, 16∶1 and 16∶0 fatty acids in plasma triacylglycerols were observed after
administration of clofibrate to rats fed the RSO-diet. It is suggested that these changes reflect the increased capacity of
the liver to chainshorten very long chain length fatty acids. The extent of lipidosis in the heart of rats fed the RSO-diet
was decreased by 50% by clofibrate. However, the concentration of erucic acid in heart triacylglycerols decreased much less
(30%) than the concentration of all other fatty acids (50–65%). It is concluded that the clofibrate administration increased
the oxidative capacity of the heart mitochondria and that the heart cell does not have an efficient system to handle very
long chain length monounsaturated fatty acids as does the liver. 相似文献
13.
R. G. Ackman 《Lipids》1974,9(12):1032-1035
Myocardial alterations were observed in 5 groups of rats fed diets containing 20% fat for 16 weeks. The incidence was comparable
to that from other studies and uniform at 6/20 in hearts from rats fed: partially hydrogenated herring oil to give dietary
levels of either 16.7% or 4.6% 22∶1; partially hydrogenated redfish/flatfish oil to give 4.5% 22∶1 in the dietary fat; and
peanut oil (of unknown origin) containing 0.1% 22∶1. The incidence was 9/20 in the hearts of rats fed an unrefined and unprocessed
redfish oil at a dietary level of 16.0% 22∶1 in fatty acids. 相似文献
14.
Female pigs were fed from three wk of age and up to two years a diet containing partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO, 28%trans monoenoic fatty acids), partially hydrogenated soybean oils (PHSBO, 36%trans fatty acids) or lard. No consistent differences were found between PHFO and PHSBO with regard to incorporation oftrans fatty acids in organ lipids, buttrans incorporations were highly organ-specific. Notrans fatty acids were detected in brain phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The incorporation of monoenoictrans isomers, as a percentage of totalcis + trans, in other organs was highest in subcutaneous adipose tissue and liver mitochondria PE, followed by blood lipids with the
lowest level in heart PE. The percentage oftrans isomers compared with that of dietary lipids was consistently lower for 20∶1, compared with 18∶1 in organs from PHFO-fed
pigs. The only effect of dietarytrans fatty acids on the fatty acid pattern of brain PE was an increased level of 22∶5n−6. Heart PE and total serum lipids of pigs
fed the hydrogenated fats contained higher levels of 18∶2n−6, and these lipids of the PHFO-fed group also contained slightly
elevated amounts of 20∶3n−6, 18∶3n−3 and 20∶5n−3. Liver mitochondria PE of the PHFO group also contained higher levels of
20∶3n−6 and 22∶5n−6. Dietarytrans fatty acids caused a consistent decrease of saturated fatty acids compensated by increased levels of monoenes. Thus, it may
be concluded that dietary long-chaintrans fatty acids in PHFO behaved similarly metabolically to 18∶1-trans in PHSBO in pigs, without noticeable influence on brain PE composition and with moderate to slight effects on the fatty acid
profile of the other organs. 相似文献
15.
Effects of dietarytrans fatty acids on the pre- and postnatal growth and development in pigs were studied with special emphasis on nervous tissue.
In experiment 1, female pigs were fed partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO) (28%trans) or soybean oil (PHSBO) (36%trans), in comparison with lard (0%trans) from weaning (3 wk) through the first reproduction cycle (up to 2 yr). In experiment 2, female pigs were fed two fish oils
(33 and 19%trans) in comparison with coconut oil (0%trans) in diets with low and high levels of linoleic acid (18∶2n−6cis,cis) from gestation until their offspring were three wk old. Compared with thetrans-free fats, thetrans-containing fats had no effect on growth and development, feed consumption and utilization or on the weight of the brain,
heart, kidneys, liver, lungs or spleen in the adult sows and their offspring. No effects from the experimental fats were found
on histology and conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve. An increased number of the sows fed PHFO had fertility problems
compared with those fed lard and PHSBO in Expt. 1, but no similar effects were seen in Expt. 2. It is concluded that consumption
oftrans fatty acids with 18–22 carbon atoms from PHFO and with 18 carbon atoms from PHSBO at levels that were 5 to 12 times higher
than those normally consumed by humans had no detrimental effects on female pigs or their offspring during pregnancy and lactation. 相似文献
16.
Three hundred (experiment I) and 350 (experiment II) weanling, 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 40–50
g were randomly assigned two per cage and 50 per dietary treatment to study the effect of dietary fatty acid balance on myocardial
lesions. The following oils were tested: Experiment I.Brassica napus var. Tower rapeseed oil [Tower RSO, 1974 cultivar and 1975 cultivar, each containing 0.3% erucic (22∶1) acid];B. napus var. Zephyr RSO containing 0.9% 22∶1; corn oil; olive oil; and soybean oil. Experiment II.B. napus var. Tower RSO (1974 cultivar), olive oil, soybean oil, and the following oils to which was added the indicated level of
free 22∶1; Tower +0.5% 22∶1; Tower +5.6% 22∶1; olive oil +4.4% 22∶1; soybean oil +5.7% 22∶1. In each case the oils were incorporated
in a semisynthetic diet at a level of 20% by weight. Heart and heart lipid weights of rats fed the different oils did not
differ statistically from each other. Fatty acid analyses of heart lipids revealed that the fatty acid composition of the
cardiac lipids reflected that of the diet fed. In experiment I, there was a definite but significantly lower incidence (P<0.01)
and severity (P<0.01) of heart lesions in rats fed control oils (corn, olive, soybean) than in rats fed rapeseed oils. Also,
in experiment II, a definite but lower incidence and severity of heart lesions occurred in rats fed control oils (soybean,
olive) compared to rats fed Tower RSO or this oil with added free 22∶1. Adding 22∶1 to an oil naturally high in 18∶3 (soybean)
did not alter the incidence of heart lesions, whereas adding 22∶1 to an oil naturally high in 18∶1 (olive) increased significantly
(P<0.01) both the incidence and severity of heart lesions. Thus, it appears that the background incidence of heart lesions
that are found in the rat in any case, and which are increased by rapeseed oil feeding, is caused by the imbalanced fatty
acid composition of the oil for the growing rat, i.e. high monoenes (18∶1, 20∶1, and 22∶1) and high 18∶3 and is not only due
to the presence of excess 18∶3.
Contribution No. 706, Animal Research Institute. 相似文献
17.
The effect of various dietary fats on membrane lipid composition, fatty acid profiles and membrane-bound enzyme activities
of rat cardiac sarcolemma was assessed. Four groups of male weanling Charles Foster Young rats were fed diets containing 20%
of groundnut, coconut, safflower or mustard oil for 16 weeks. Cardiac sarcolemma was prepared from each group and the activities
of Na+,K+-ATPase, 5′-nucleotidase, Ca2+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase were examined. ATPase activities were similar in all groups except the one fed coconut oil,
which had the highest activities. Acetylcholinesterase activity was also similar in all the groups, however, it was significantly
higher in the group fed mustard oil. No significant changes were observed among the groups in 5′-nucleotidase activity, in
the cholesterol-to-phospholipid molar ratio and in sialic acid content. The coconut, safflower and mustard oil diets significantly
increased cholesterol and phospholipid contents and the lipid-to-protein ratio of cardiac sarcolemma as compared to feeding
the groundnut oil diet. The fatty acid composition of membrane lipids was quite different among the various groups, reflecting
the type of dietary fat given. The total unsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio was not different among the various groups;
however, the levels of some major fatty acids such as palmitic (16∶0), oleic (18∶1) and linoleic (18∶2) acids were significantly
different. Cardiac sarcolemma of the group fed safflower oil had the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content. The results
suggest that dietary fats induce changes not only in the fatty acid composition of the component lipids but also in the activities
of sarcolemmal enzymes involved in the regulation of cardiac function. 相似文献
18.
G. Rocquelin J. P. Sergiel B. Martin J. Leclerc R. Cluzan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1971,48(11):728-732
Recent findings on the nutritive value of rapeseed oil (RSO) with high erucic acid content have been compared to those of
canbra oil (CO), an oil extracted from newly bred Canadian rapeseed with no erucic acid. Erucic acid in diets retards animal
growth even if food consumption is not altered. Growth performances of CO are as good as olive or peanut oil. The unbalanced
ratio of palmitic acid to monoethylenic acids of CO does not affect rat growth rate. Because of its glyceride structure and
high content of erucic acid, RSO has a lower digestibility (81%) than CO (96%) in the rat. Unabsorbed erucic acid is not preferentially
excreted as calcium soaps. Interesterification of RSO which converts 31.7% of the erucic chains to the 2 position improves
digestibility of erucic acid. 2-Monoerucin is more efficiently absorbed than the free acid. In vivo metabolic conversion of
erucic to oleic acid has been proved in the rat. β-oxidation of injected 14-14C labeled erucic acid proceeded at the same rate as oleic acid but the over-all yield of the reaction was lower. Fatty acid
composition of tissues in animals fed RSO or CO is influenced on one hand by erucic and gadoleic (C20∶1) acids of RSO, and on the other hand by the unbalanced ratio of palmitic-monoethylenic acids and the linolenic acid content
of both oils. Nonnegligible amounts of erucic acid are deposited in the body fats of rats, chickens, turkeys, lambs and found
in the milk of female rats fed RSO. Almost no erucic acid is incorporated in liver and testicles in the rat and it is not
recovered in chicken egg yolk. The effect of RSO on rat reproduction has been re-examined. Dietary lipid and vitamin levels
are of great importance in the results obtained. RSO induces myocarditis in several animal species. Similar lesions, although
less frequent and severe, have been observed also with CO in the rat. Some authors have reported that erucic acid of RSO was
responsible for the effect on heart muscle. Common fatty acid patterns to both RSO and CO have to be further investigated
to explain the persisting effect of CO.
One of 9 papers presented at the Symposium, “Cruciferous Oil-seeds,” ISF-AOCS World Congress, Chicago, September 1970. 相似文献
19.
Three experimental groups of primates (cynomolgus monkeys Macaca fascicularis) were adapted to high-fat diets and maintained on the diets for four months. One group (control) was fed a diet containing 25% of lard and corn oil in a 3 : 1 mixture and the other groups received either 25% of rapeseed oil or of partially hydrogenated herring oil. Docosenoic acids were approximately 25% of the rapeseed oil (as erucic acid) and of the partially hydrogenated herring oil (as a mixture of cetoleic acid and cetelaidic acid). Monitoring of physiological parameters did not reveal any important differences between groups. Fecal fatty acids and depot fatty acids showed differences in details of composition from the fatty acids in the diets. These are discussed in terms of intestinal microorganism activity, absorption processes, and in vivo alterations in the primates. In the two experimental groups skeletal and cardiac muscle showed lipidosis. This was especially evident in the apexes of the hearts of animals fed the rapeseed oil and partially hydrogenated herring oil. Fatty acid details from depot fat and cardiac apex triglycerides showed differences and further differences were discerned among the isomeric docosenoic and eicosenoic acids of the cardiac triglycerides. The histopathology of the primate hearts showed a few mild foci of inflammation in all groups which could not be associated with diet, whereas the same diets fed to male weanling rats induced the severe necrotic lesions widely associated with such diets. It is concluded that different species of animals show physiologically different responses to fat-based dietary factors and that further experiments with primates and with oils containing docosenoic acids are required to determine what, if any, cardiac problems exist. 相似文献
20.
Sheila M. Innis Roger Dyer Louis Wadsworth Paul Quinlan Deborah Diersen-Schade 《Lipids》1993,28(7):645-650
Platelet lipid composition is important to normal platelet morphology and function, and is influenced by dietary fatty acids
and cholesterol. The fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of infant formulas differs from those of human milk, but
the possible effects on platelet lipids in young infants is not known. This was studied in piglets fed from birth to 18 d
of age with one of eight formulas differing in saturated fatty acid chain length, or content of 18∶1, 20∶5n−3 plus 22∶6n−3,
or cholesterol. A reference group of piglets fed sow milk was also studied. Sow milk has a fatty acid composition and cholesterol
content similar to that of human milk. Piglets fed formulas high in 18∶1 (34.9–40.8% wt fatty acids) and low in 16.0 (≤6.5%
wt fatty acids) had lower platelet counts and greater platelet size than piglets fed sow milk (40.4% 18∶1, 30.7% 16∶0). Piglets
fed formulas high in 16∶0 (27–29.6%) and 18∶1 (40–40.6%), or low in both 16∶0 (5.9–6.1%) and 18∶1 (10.8–11.2%), had similar
platelet counts and size to piglets fed sow milk. Platelet phospholipid % 20∶4n−6 was lower in all the groups of piglets fed
formula than in the group fed sow milk. Addition of fish oil with 20∶5n−3 plus 22∶6n−3 to the formula further decreased platelet
phospholipid 20∶4n−6. Addition of cholesterol to the formula increased the platelet phospholipid % 20∶4n−6 and platelet volume. 相似文献