一种带状细晶铁素体的成因及其影响因素

以温轧铁素体、珠光体为原始组织，研究了加热速度和冷却速度对带状细晶铁素体形成的影响；结果表明：带状细品铁素体是当加热速度≥50℃／s时（冷却速度10℃／s）所形成的一种特征组织。随着加热速度的增加，细晶铁素体量随之增加，且带状特征更加明显；当冷却速度≥10℃／s时，其对该特征组织的影响与加热速度的影响类似。形成带状细晶组织的原因：一是原始组织中经温轧后的形变铁素体及部分破碎球化的珠光体提供了带状细晶奥氏体的形核环境；二是快速加热及冷却过程中奥氏体品粒的不均匀性。     

Q235碳素钢超细铁素体组织的退火过程研究

在热模拟单向压缩条件下研究了Q235碳素钢形变强化相变产生的超细铁素体退火时的组织及取向(差)演变过程及其应变量和先共析铁素体的影响。结果表明，形变强化相变后细晶铁素体内形变储存能有限，加上渗碳体的钉扎，一般不发生明显的静态再结晶过程。当应变量足够大时，形变后在650℃下保温铁素体发生正常长大。先共析铁素体存在时，形变后在650℃退火时，形变长条铁素体发生明显的(亚)晶粒回复式长大。形变改变了未转变奥氏体的分解方式，表现为奥氏体向离异珠光体的加速转变。讨论了低碳钢形变后铁素体难以再结晶的原因。     

490MPa级TMCP厚板钢热形变奥氏体连续冷却转变行为的研究

在THERMECMASTER—Z热模拟试验机上研究了一种抗拉强度490MPa级TMCP厚板钢奥氏体变形后的连续冷却转变行为以及形变条件对相变组织的影响。实验结果表明，在冷却速率小于5℃／s时，相变组织为多边形铁素体 少量珠光体组织；当冷速大于5℃／s时，开始出现针状铁素体组织；在冷速大于20℃／s时，珠光体消失，形成针状铁素体 多边形铁素体混合组织；并且形变温度和形变量对组织均有影响。     

低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程超细铁素体的形成

采用过冷奥氏体在A3-Ar3之间变形工艺，获得平均晶粒尺寸约为2μm的微细铁素体晶粒组织，过冷奥氏体形变过程的组织演变包括两个阶段，形变前期以形变强化相变铁素体转变为主导；当相变基本完成后，形变后期以铁素体的动态再结晶为主，形变强化相变是一以形核为主的过程，是晶粒细化的主要原因，应变量较小时，铁素体主要沿原奥氏体晶界及晶内变形带等位置形核，随应变量的增加，以铁素体转变前沿畸变区的反复形核为主。     

低碳钢奥氏体晶粒控制对应变强化相变的影响

研究了在温度过冷条件下,名义变形为５０％（应变为－０．６９）,应变速率为１ｓ＾－１,形变温度为８００－７４０℃时,低碳钢相变前奥氏体晶粒尺寸（平均直径为４４－７μｍ）对应变强化相变铁素体转变量及铁素体晶料大小的影响,形变前奥氏体晶粒小的铁素体转变量增加,相变完成后细小铁素体晶粒分布较均匀;形变前奥氏体晶粒粗大时,形变后铁素体转变不完全,铁素体晶粒粗大且不均匀,这种影响的显著程度随形变温度的降低而家     

基于动态相变的细晶双相低碳钢组织控制

利用Gleeble1500热模拟单向压缩实验机，通过观察不同原奥氏体晶粒的过冷奥氏体在动态相变过程中的组织演变，分析了动态相变过程中马氏体岛形貌以及分布的演变特征，并考察了原奥氏体晶粒大小、形变温度和形变速率等参数对组织转变动力学的影响，探讨了基于动态相变的细晶双相低碳钢的组织控制规律、结果表明，通过调整原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸并控制过冷奥氏体动态相变进程，可以获得在均匀细小的铁素体（2～3μm）基体上弥散分布着不同体积分数、颗粒状细小马氏体岛的双相钢。     

高强度桥梁钢Q690q的连续冷却转变行为

利用MMS-200热模拟试验机、Imager M2m光学显微镜、JSM-6490LV扫描电镜和FV-ARS9000全自动维氏硬度计,对高强度桥梁钢Q690q在细晶奥氏体(晶粒度10级)、粗晶奥氏体(晶粒度6.5级)和细晶形变奥氏体(晶粒度10.5级、压缩变形30%)3种奥氏体状态下的连续冷却转变行为进行了比较研究。结果表明,冷却速率相同时,细晶奥氏体使相变开始温度、转变速率峰值温度和相变结束温度升高,而粗晶奥氏体有助于板条贝氏体和板条马氏体等中低温组织生成,而且生成的板条变得更为细长,但组织中原奥氏体晶界更清晰可见,其硬度明显提高;细晶奥氏体变形后,相变开始温度和转变速率峰值温度更高,从而使铁素体变得粗大,但能减少珠光体转变、促使无碳贝氏体生成,其硬度在冷却速率较低时比细晶奥氏体时要大,冷却速率较高时二者的硬度相差不大。     

工艺参数对低碳钢形变强化相变的影响

研究了低碳钢过冷奥氏体变形时，工艺参数即变形温度、变形速率和原始奥氏体晶粒大小对形变强化相变组织演变、转变动力学及相变完成时临界应变量εc。的影响。结果表明，εc随变形温度降低而减小，随形变速率和原始奥氏体晶粒大小增大而增加。其中，变形温度对εc的影响最大。在相同应变速率的条件下，降低变形温度、减小原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸，都起到了促进相变的作用，使转变动力学提前。在所研究的不同工艺中，组织演变和转变动力学均可分为两个阶段。第一阶段与晶界、孪晶界或形变带作为相变优先形核位置的“位置饱和”机制有关；第二阶段为晶内铁素体／奥氏体相界前沿高畸变区的反复快速形核，是以形核为主导的过程，表现为“形核位置不饱和”机制。晶粒的长大在时间与空间上受到限制，形变强化相变完成时，可以使铁素体品粒细化到2～3μm。     

普碳钢中板表层组织超细化的变形机理

采用单向压缩热模拟试验进行了普碳钢中厚板表层组织超细晶化研究。材料奥氏体化后快速冷却到550-800℃范围内变形,结果表明,随着变形温度的升高,材料分别发生形变后铁素体静态再结晶、形变过程中的铁素体动态再结晶,形变诱导奥氏体．铁素体相变并获得超细晶粒铁素体。随着保温时间增加,形变诱导相变获得的铁素体逆相变为奥氏体。实验室轧制9mm钢板的铁素体晶粒度,轧后空冷达到11级（约7μm）,与热模拟试验的结果相一致,轧后快冷铁素体晶粒进一步细化到12级（约5μm）。实验室条件下,钢板的屈服强度,轧后空冷接近350MPa,轧后快速冷却,能再提高90MPa左右,但断后伸长率明显下降。     

低碳微量铌钢形变过程中动态相变的特点

用热模拟变形实验研究了低碳微量铌钢形变中的动态相变以及形变后冷却中的相变行为,透射电镜观察了Nb（CN）的析出及对铁素体晶粒截径和体积转变量的影响。结果表明：含Nb钢动态相变中铁素体形核位置依次为原奥氏体晶界、铁素体,奥氏体的相界前沿直至奥氏体晶内,随着细小的应变诱导Nb（CN）析出在基体上弥散分布,铁素体的转变量大幅增加并且其相变长大趋势得到有效抑制,使得铁素体的长大在时间和空间上均受到限制,是一个以形核为主的过程,相变完成后铁素体晶粒截径约为2舯;而形变后冷却相变工艺中铁素体的形核位置主要为奥氏体晶界以及形变带,而大量弥散分布的Nb（CN）析出对细化铁素体晶粒的作用并不明显,是一个形核长大的过程,最终得到的铁素体晶粒截径约为7μm。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.