FeNi3/indium tin oxide (ITO) composite nanoparticles with excellent microwave absorption performance and low infrared emissivity

FeNi₃/indium tin oxide (ITO) composite nanoparticles were synthesized by a self-catalyzed reduction method and a sol–gel process. The dependence of the content of ITO phase with the mole ratios of In:Sn of different sols was investigated. The relation between the electrical conductivity, infrared emissivity of FeNi₃/ITO composite nanoparticles and the content of ITO phase was discussed. Electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) performance of products was evaluated by using transmission line theory. It was found that EMA performance including the intensity and the location of effective band is significantly dependent on the content of ITO phase. The low infrared emissivity and superior EMA performance of FeNi₃/ITO composite nanoparticles can be both achieved when the mole ratio of In:Sn in sol is 9:1.     

Application of infrared emission spectroscopy to the thermal transition of indium hydroxide to indium oxide nanocubes

Cubic indium hydroxide nanomaterials were obtained by a low-temperature soft-chemical method without any surfactants. The transition of nano-cubic indium hydroxide to cubic indium oxide during dehydroxylation has been studied by infrared emission spectroscopy. The spectra are related to the structure of the materials and the changes in the structure upon thermal treatment. The infrared absorption spectrum of In(OH)(3) is characterized by an intense OH deformation band at 1150 cm(-1) and two O-H stretching bands at 3107 and 3221 cm(-1). In the infrared emission spectra, the hydroxyl-stretching and hydroxyl-bending bands diminish dramatically upon heating, and no intensity remains after 200 °C. However, new low intensity bands are found in the OH deformation region at 915 cm(-1) and in the OH stretching region at 3437 cm(-1). These bands are attributed to the vibrations of newly formed InOH bonds because of the release and transfer of protons during calcination of the nanomaterial. The use of infrared emission spectroscopy enables the low-temperature phase transition brought about through dehydration of In(OH)(3) nanocubes to be studied.     

Optically active polyurethane@indium tin oxide nanocomposite: Preparation,characterization and study of infrared emissivity

Optically active polyurethane@indium tin oxide and racemic polyurethane@indium tin oxide nanocomposites (LPU@ITO and RPU@ITO) were prepared by grafting the organics onto the surfaces of modified ITO nanoparticles. LPU@ITO and RPU@ITO composites based on the chiral and racemic tyrosine were characterized by FT-IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, TEM, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the infrared emissivity values (8–14 μm) were investigated in addition. The results indicated that the polyurethanes had been successfully grafted onto the surfaces of ITO without destroying the crystalline structure. Both composites possessed the lower infrared emissivity values than the bare ITO nanoparticles, which indicated that the interfacial interaction had great effect on the infrared emissivity. Furthermore, LPU@ITO based on the optically active polyurethane had the virtue of regular secondary structure and more interfacial synergistic actions between organics and inorganics, thus it exhibited lower infrared emissivity value than RPU@ITO based on the racemic polyurethane.     

Crystallization of indium tin oxide nanoparticles: from cooperative behavior to individuality

The crystallization pathway of indium tin oxide nanoparticles during solvothermal synthesis in benzyl alcohol was investigated. The synthesis was stopped after different reaction times in the range of 1-24 h, and the structural and morphological characteristics of the products were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Interestingly, the crystallization mechanism does not proceed along a simple nucleation and growth pathway, but involves a two-step process. In the first 12 h an intermediate phase is formed, which consists of nanocrystallites 3-6 nm in size stabilized by an organic matrix. In this organic-inorganic network the nanoparticles are aligned into superstructures, but without any crystallographic orientation. After 12 h the intermediate phase is abruptly transformed into indium tin oxide nanoparticles with the bixbyite structure and with crystallite sizes of about 10-12 nm. This step is accompanied by the disappearance of the organic phase and the loss of the superstructure.     

直流电弧放电法合成In2O3纳米粒子

电弧放电法因能在瞬间产生高温使原料气化而成为一种高效的纳米材料制备方法。以金属In为原料,在无催化剂的条件下,采用直流电弧放电法直接合成了In2O3纳米粒子。XRD、SEM和TEM结果表明所制备的In2O3纳米粒子为立方结构,形貌为结晶良好的八面体,平均粒径为60～120nm。纳米粒子之间以点接触和面接触相连。     

Colloidal indium tin oxide nanoparticles for transparent and conductive films

Nanosized colloidal indium tin oxide (ITO) dispersion was prepared for electrically conductive and transparent coating materials. A titanate coupling agent, isopropyl tri(N-ethylenediamino)ethyl titanate, was chosen as a dispersant for the stabilization of ITO nanoparticles in organic solvent. ITO sol was deposited on a cathode ray tube panel for antistatic or electromagnetic shielding purposes, and alkyl silicate was used for the formation of an antireflective over-coat layer. The resulting double-layered coating showed low sheet resistance, which satisfied semi-TCO regulation and low reflectance of visible light. To control the electrical and optical properties of the coating layer, the effects of secondary particle size of ITO aggregates and the dispersant concentration of ITO sol were studied. The stability of ITO sol was estimated by measuring the particle size as a function of the storage days and the aggregation of colloidal ITO dispersion with storage day was explained by depletion flocculation.     

Transparent heaters based on solution-processed indium tin oxide nanoparticles

We demonstrate transparent heaters constructed on glass substrates using solution-processed indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (NPs) and their heating capability. The heat-generating characteristics of the heaters depended significantly on the sintering temperature at which the ITO NPs deposited on a glass substrate by spin-coating were transformed thermally into a solid film. The steady-state temperature of the ITO NP film sintered at 400 °C was 163 °C at a bias voltage of 20 V, and the defrosting capability of the film was confirmed by using dry-ice.     

A novel solvothermal method to synthesize one-dimensional chains of indium tin oxide nanoparticles

One-dimensional conductive chains of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles with high specific surface areas of about 65 m² g^− 1 were synthesized from indium, tin acetylacetone complexes using isopropanol as solvent by a novel solvothermal method and post heat-treatment. When isopropanol was replaced with water as solvent, the non-conductive individual In₂SnO₅ nanoparticles were obtained.     

Synthesis and sintering of tin-doped indium oxide nanoparticles with uniform size

The urea-based hydrothermal (UBH) method can synthesize indium tin oxide (ITO) nanopowders with good monodispersity and size uniformity. However, the resulting formation of high pressure CO₂ gas by the hydrolysis of urea during the hydrothermal process is unsafe. The pressure generated by the UBH method can be lowered by connecting the hydrothermal reactor to a vessel containing sodium hydroxide solution to quickly absorb CO₂ gas. ITO nanoparticles with particle sizes of 90 ± 3 nm and 40 ± 3 nm can be produced. The size of the as-prepared nanoparticles is readily controlled by adjusting the precursor concentration. Using properly mixed nanoparticles with a volume ratio of V_40 nm:V_90 nm = 30:70 as the raw materials, ITO can be sintered to a high and consistent density of 99.3–99.5% of the theoretical density.     

Helical polyurethane-imide@attapulgite composite: Preparation, characterization and infrared emissivity study

Helical polyurethane-imide@attapulgite (HPUI@ATT) composite has been successfully prepared based on the surface modification of attapulgite (ATT). The results indicate that helical polyurethane-imide has been grafted onto the surfaces of the modified ATT without destroying the original crystalline structure of ATT. The infrared emissivity of HPUI@ATT was also investigated, and the result indicates that the infrared emissivity value of HPUI@ATT composite is reduced to 0.628 at the wavelength of 8-14 μm, while the bare ATT possesses a value of 0.934. This effect could be attributed to the interfacial interactions between organics (helical polyurethane-imide) and inorganics (ATT). This paper will provide the foundation for many potential applications such as infrared low-emissive materials and other fields in the future.     

水热法合成铟锡氧化物纳米粒子的制备及表征

采用三氧化二铟和真空蒸发法制得的纳米锡粉为原料，溶解在一定浓度的氢氧化钠溶液中，水热条件下成功的合成了纳米级的铟锡氧化物粒子，通过粉末X射线衍射（XRD），场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外可见光光吸收光谱（Uv-Vis）等手段对所得产物进行表征。讨论了反应时间、pH值因素对产物成分和形貌的影响。结果表明：在温度为180℃，10mol／L NaOH溶液的条件下，水热反应36h得到比较均一的产物In1.94Sn0.06O3，产物形貌为均匀的六面体，大小在100nm左右，且对波长在200-400nm的光有强烈的吸收。     

A simple method to prepare indium oxide nanoparticles: Structural,microstructural and magnetic properties

Indium oxide nanoparticles of ～12 nm were synthesized by a simple chemical route using indium(III) nitrate. Nanoparticles are formed after calcining the dried precursor in air at 400 °C for 10 h. TEM analysis showed that the morphology and size of the In₂O₃ samples were affected by ultrasonication. FTIR and Raman studies reveal that the nanoparticles are single-phase cubic structure of In₂O₃. NEXAFS study was used to quantify the Indium and oxygen valence state. Magnetic behavior of indium oxide nanoparticles was found to be diamagnetic. UV spectra show a weak band at ～308 nm corresponds to optical band gap energy of 4.03 eV.     

Circular acoustogyration effect on gold nanoparticles grown on indium tin oxide

Gold nanoparticles deposited on indium-tin-oxide coated substrates show substantial circularly polarized acoustically induced light gyration (AILG) at liquid-helium temperature. The effect was observed only during simultaneous treatment by two coherent acoustic waves with basic frequencies of 0.8-1.6 MHz and corresponding coherent double-frequency acoustical components. It was found that increasing the basic acoustical frequency to 1.6 MHz led to suppression of the effect. ATi:sapphire laser with a pulse duration of approximately 80 fs allowed us to achieve the maximal value for the AILG. Enhancement of the pulse duration higher than 200 fs also substantially diminished the effect. The maximally achieved value of the AILG susceptibility (described by a fourth-order axial tensor) caused by the circularly polarized acoustical probe field at an acoustical power density of approximately 3 W/cm2 at T = 4.2 K was equal to approximately 7.8 deg/mm for the circular acoustical wave polarization. The maximal AILG coefficient is achieved for samples that possess minimal resistivity. The investigated composites possess an acoustically induced helicoidal grating that disappeared 20 s after switching off the acoustical fields.     

红外高发射陶瓷涂层发射率与厚度关系

红外陶瓷涂层在满足高发射率设计要求的前提下, 应尽量降低涂层厚度, 以满足力学性能要求, 节约原料, 减轻器件重量。因此探索厚度与发射率之间的定量关系, 是高发射率涂层研制中的一项重要内容。本文作者通过在水解法制备的氧化铝溶胶中加入高发射率填料, 制备了高发射率涂料, 并采用喷涂和旋涂工艺得到几种不同厚度的高发射复合陶瓷涂层。通过实验测试考察了复合陶瓷涂层的发射率随涂层厚度的变化规律, 确定了复合涂层的临界厚度。在均匀涂层发射率与厚度关系模型的基础上, 结合Maxwell-Garnett理论, 建立了复合涂层发射率与厚度的理论关系模型。该模型对发射率的计算结果与实验值吻合较好, 表明该模型可以用于实际复合涂层的发射率或临界厚度的预报。      

离子液体[Bmim]BF4中氧化铟的制备研究

室温离子液体作为一种新型的性能优异的绿色环保有机溶剂，在无机材料合成中的应用引起关注。采用微波辅助法和固相研磨法在离子液体[BMIM]BF4中制备氧化铟，通过差热分析确定了微波法制备的前驱体组成为In6O10（OH）4，研究了不同制备方法对得到的氧化铟Zeta电位的影响。     

Electrochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles onto indium tin oxide glass and application in biosensors

A simple one-step method for the electrochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) onto bare indium tin oxide film coated glass substrate without any template or surfactant was investigated. The effect of electrolysis conditions such as potential range, temperature, concentration and deposition cycles were examined. The connectivity of GNPs was analyzed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The nanoparticles were found to connect in pairs or to coalesce in larger numbers. The twin GNPs display a transverse and a longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band, which is similar to that of gold nanorods. The presence of longitudinal LSPR band correlates with high refractive index sensitivity. Conjugation of the twin-linked GNPs with albumin bovine serum-biotin was employed for the detection of streptavidin as a model based on the specific binding affinity in biotin/streptavidin pairs. The spectrophotometric sensor showed concentration-dependent binding for streptavidin.     

In2O3基酒敏材料的催化及气敏性能

采用微反-气相色谱联用装置和气敏性能测试设备,系统评价了不同粒径、不同掺杂的Ia2O3材料对乙醇的催化、气敏性能.研究表明,采用纳米材料可将乙醇灵敏度由6.0提高到16.0,掺杂碱性金属氧化物将灵敏度提高到14.0;掺杂贵金属可大幅度提高材料对乙醇的催化活性,但降低对乙醇的灵敏度.材料的气敏性能和催化性能存在密切的联系,浅析了材料对乙醇的敏感机理.     

Optical properties of amorphous-like indium zinc oxide and indium gallium zinc oxide thin films

The paper presents the optical properties of amorphous-like indium zinc oxide and indium gallium zinc oxide thin films with various In/(In + Zn) ratios obtained by Pulsed Laser Deposition. Thickness results obtained from simulations of X-ray Reflectivity and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry data were very similar. The dependence of density on stoichiometry resembles the corresponding dependence of the refractive index in the transparency range. A free carrier absorption was noted in the visible spectral range, leading to a weak absorbing thin transparent conductive oxide. On the other hand, the refractive index is smaller than those of based oxides (ZnO and In₂O₃), and counterbalance therefore the weak light absorption.     

铝粉涂层的红外发射率研究

研究了影响铝粉涂层在8～14μm波段红外发射率的因素.铝粉粉末粒径在0.105～0.125mm范围发射率最低,为0.58;粘合剂的加入使涂层试样的发射率与原来的粉末发射率相比升高,粘合剂用量有一个最佳的比例,如过氯乙烯在40%～50%时对发射率影响最小;着色颜料的添加一般使涂层的发射率升高;涂层浸水引起红外发射率迅速升高,涂层在表层部分水分挥发后,红外发射率基本恢复初始值.     

微米级硫化物半导体的红外发射率研究

为了制备出在8～14μm红外波段具有较低红外发射率的粉体,以硫化镉(CdS)、硫化锌(ZnS)为原料,采用了气氛固相烧结法制备了微米级的CdZnS固溶体粉体.采用XRD、BET(ASAT2010)比表面仪表征,研究了粉体的结构、粒度等特征.通过IR-1红外发射率测量仪器测试了粉体在8～14μm波段的红外发射率.着重讨论了粉体的晶格畸变和8～14μtm波段红外发射率之间的关系,并对此给出了一定的解释.