Control System of Neutral Beam Injection on HT-7

Neutral Beam Injection control system (NBICS) is constructed to measure the plasma current, Magnet current, vacuum pressure, cryopump temperature, control water cooling, filament voltage, and power supply， etc. The NBICS, consisting mainly of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) subsystem, data acquisition and processing subsystem and cryopump and vacuum pressure monitoring subsystem, has successfully been used on a NBI device. In this article, the design of NBICS on HT-7 is discussed and each subsystem is described in particular.In addition, some experimental results are reported which are very important data for further research related to the HT-7 tokamak.     

Design of Experimental Data Publishing Software for Neutral Beam Injector on EAST

Neutral Beam Injection(NBI) is one of the most effective means for plasma heating.Experimental Data Publishing Software(EDPS) is developed to publish experimental data to get the NBI system under remote monitoring.In this paper,the architecture and implementation of EDPS including the design of the communication module and web page display module are presented.EDPS is developed based on the Browser/Server(B/S) model,and works under the Linux operating system.Using the data source and communication mechanism of the NBI Control System(NBICS),EDPS publishes experimental data on the Internet.     

Design of Timing System Software on EAST–NBI

Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) is one of the main plasma heating and plasma current driving methods for Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokomaks. In order to monitor the NBI experiment, control all the power supply, realize data acquisition and network, the control system is designed. As an important part of NBI control system, timing system (TS) provides a unified clock for all subsystems of NBI. TS controls the input/output services of digital signals and analog signals. It sends feedback message to the control server which is the function of alarm and interlock protection. The TS software runs on a Windows system and uses Labview language code while using client/server mode, multithreading and cyclic redundancy check technology. The experimental results have proved that TS provides a stability and reliability clock to the subsystems of NBI and contributed to the safety of the whole NBI system.     

Analysis of Power Distribution on Beamline Components at Different Neutralization Efficiencies on NBI Test Stand

Neutral beam injection is recognized as one of the most effective means for plasma heating. According to the research plan of the EAST physics experiment, two sets of neutral beam injector(4–8 MW, 10–100 s) were built and operated in 2014. Neutralization efficiency is one of the important parameters for neutral beam. High neutralization efficiency can not only improve injection power at the same beam energy, but also decrease the power deposited on the heat-load components in the neutral beam injector(NBI). This research explores the power deposition distribution at different neutralization efficiencies on the beamline components of the NBI device. This work has great significance for guiding the operation of EAST-NBI, especially in long pulse and high power operation, which can reduce the risk of thermal damage of the beamline components and extend the working life of the NBI device.     

R&D progress of high power ion source on EAST-NBI

The neutral beam injector(NBI) system was designed and developed mainly for the plasma heating on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST). The high power ion source is the key part of the NBI. A hot cathode ion source was used on the EAST-NBI. The ion source was conditioned on the ion source test bed with hydrogen gas and achieved the designed parameters. The deuterium gas was used when it moved to the EAST-NBI. The main performance of the ion source on EAST is presented in this paper. The highest beam power of 4.5 MW in NBI-1 and 2.75 MW in NBI-2 was achieved. The total neutral beam power is about 4.5 MW. The long pulse beam of 100 s is injected into the EAST plasma too.     

Data Acquisition System of Neutral Beam Injector on EAST

In order to supervise the elements of the neutral beam injector (NBI) spatially located at several places, a distributed NBI data acquisition system (NBIDAS) on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) is developed in this paper. NBIDAS consists of field instrument and measurement devices, servers and remote data processing terminals. In order to remotely manage and monitor the field devices of the NBI system, a device management client software is also developed as the human–machine interfaces between the field devices and remote system administrators. A control signal acquisition system is developed for diagnosing these generated analog and digital signals from the NBI control system. NBIDAS based on network technologies is capable of extending system functions and upgrading devices. The detail of the architecture and implementation of the NBIDAS on EAST is discussed in the paper.     

The Development of Data Acquisition and Remote Real-Time Display System for EAST NBI

The data acquisition and remote real-time display system for the neutral beam injectors (NBI) on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) are described in this paper. Distributed computer systems including local data acquisition (DAQ) facility, remote data server (DS), real-time display terminal are adopted with Linux and Windows operating system. Experimental signals are gathered by DAQ device at local working field. On the one hand, these gathered data will be sent to DS which runs on remote server main control layer on EAST NBI control network for saving and processing; on the other hand, these data will be sent to real-time display terminal which runs on remote monitoring layer on EAST NBI for displaying and monitoring experimental signals real-timely. Another point needs to be mentioned is that the real-time display software can call back historical data from DS for querying. The software of data acquisition and DS are programmed by C language while the real-time display software is programmed by Labview flow chart. The hardware mainly includes DAQ cards, server, industrial personal computer and others auxiliary hardware. Now the system proved to be performed well through experiments on NBI testing bed.     

上海软X射线自由电子激光装置联锁保护系统

为快速准确地对加速器关键设备提供有效保护,避免关键部件损坏,上海软X射线自由电子激光装置需搭建一套可靠的联锁保护系统。该联锁系统使用分布式架构,并采用可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）和实验物理与工业控制系统（EPICS）进行设计。为满足加速器不同的调试和运行需求,使用Master主站+本地子站的设计策略,最终设计并实现了运行模式管理和切换的功能。系统的所有功能已在设备运行中得到了检验,有效保证了加速器的安全运行。     

基于EPICS的X射线小角散射实验站控制和数据采集系统

上海光源（Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, SSRF）X射线小角散射（small angle X-ray scattering, SAXS）光束线站的常规样品台、掠入射样品台、变温热台的控制程序及数据采集程序均是在LabVIEW环境下开发的,而基于步进电机的狭缝控制系统等则是在分布式控制的EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)环境下开发的。由于开发和运行环境不同,这些设备在联动控制时不可避免地存在网络延时的缺陷。本工作在EPICS环境下对运动控制、探测器数据采集和光强检测等控制进行集成,形成了统一的用户操作界面,操作简单,能极大提高实验效率,并在SAXS实验站得到了稳定应用。     

Overview of Development Status for EAST-NBI System

The neutral beam injection(NBI) system was developed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST) for plasma heating and current driving. This paper presents the brief history, design, development, and the main experimental results of the RD of neutral beam injector on the test bed and on EAST. In particular, it will describe:(1) how the two beamlines with a total beam power of 8 MW were developed;(2) the design of the EAST-NBI system including the high power ion source, main vacuum chamber, inner components, beam diagnostic system and sub-system;(3) the experimental results of beamline-1 on the summer campaign of EAST in 2014 and,(4) the status of beamline-2 and the future plan of EAST-NBIs.     

FELiChEM联锁系统的设计

联锁系统是加速器装置的重要组成部分,用于保护设备和人员的安全。本文基于EPICS设计FELiChEM联锁系统,该系统由硬件联锁系统和软件联锁系统两部分组成,硬件联锁系统又分为机器保护系统(MPS)和人身安全保护系统(PPS)。硬件联锁系统的架构分为IOC层、Profinet IO控制层和Profinet IO设备层。每层均可进行冗余配置,而各层之间相互独立。原型样机的测试显示,硬件联锁系统的响应时间为2.144ms,远好于100ms的设计需求。软件联锁系统的设计采用联锁程序与配置文件分离的方式。测试表明,软件联锁逻辑完全由配置文件确定,具有非常好的灵活性。     

Synchronous Output Control System of Two Megawatt Hot Cathode Bucket Ion Sources for NBI

Synchronous output of one beam line's two megawatt hot cathode bucket ion sources is required when Neutral Beam Injector(NBI) works on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).Neutral Beam Injector Control System(NBICS) realizes synchronous output and asynchronous output of two ion sources with network communication and hardware triggers.And the synchronous time can be set by operator.In synchronous mode,two megawatt hot cathode bucket ion sources can produce neutral beams at any relative time with higher energy than two sources' asynchronous output.Two megawatt hot cathode bucket ion sources' synchronous output makes an important contribution to NBI system of 4-8 MW with 10-100 s pulse length and provides more and better parameters for EAST physical experiments.     

Thermodynamic analysis and simulation for gas baffle entrance collimator of EAST-NBI system based on thermo-fluid coupled method

The world's first full Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST) is designed with the auxiliary heating method of neutral beam injection(NBI)system. Beam collimators are arranged on both sides of the beam channel for absorbing the divergence beam during the beam transmission process in the EAST-NBI system.The gas baffle entrance collimator(GBEC) is a typical high-heat-flux component located at the entrance of gas baffle. An efficient and accurate analysis of its thermodynamic performance is of great significance to explore the working limit and to ensure safe operation of the system under a high-parameter steady-state condition. Based on the thermo-fluid coupled method, thermodynamic analysis and simulation of GBEC is performed to get the working states and corresponding operating limits at different beam extraction conditions. This study provides a theoretical guidance for the next step to achieve long pulse with highpower experimental operation and has an important reference to ensure the safe operation of the system.     

Development of a Data Acquisition Control System for the First NBI on EAST

Neutral beam injection （NBI） heating is one of the most efficient auxiliary plasma heating methods for fusion devices. The data acquisition control system （DACS） with PXI （pe- ripheral component interconnect extensions for instrumentation） data acquisition card for the first NBI system in the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST） is presented in this paper. As an important sub-system, DACS is designed to obtain physical measurement signals in the EAST NBI system and to deal and store these data with the Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer （LZO） lossless data compression algorithm, as well as offer convenient data call-back and access inter- faces to the user for examining and analyzing the data. Experimental results show that accurate data will ensure that researchers correctly analyze it and then properly adjust the experimental parameters or operation, so DACS should take a large step in improving experimental efficiency. Tile hardware and software sections are briefly presented in this paper, and now this system has been tested to be able to work reliably and steadily.     

Design of Main Control Console Software in EAST Neutral Beam Injector’s Control System for the First Beam Line

Neutral beam injector is one of the main plasma heating and plasma current driving methods for experimental advanced superconducting tokomaks (EAST). In order to realize visual operation of EAST neutral beam injector’s control system (NBICS), main control console (MCC) is developed to work as the human–machine interface between the NBICS and physical operator. It can meet the requirements of visual control of NBICS by providing a user graphic interface. With the specific algorithms, the setup of power supply sequence is relatively independent and simple. Displaying the real-time feedback of the subsystems provides a reference for operators to monitor the status of the system. The MCC software runs on a Windows system and uses C++ language code while using client/server (C/S) mode, multithreading and cyclic redundancy check technology. The experimental results have proved that MCC provides a stability and reliability operation of NBICS and works as an effective man–machine interface at the same time.     

EAST中性束注入器稳态偏转磁铁的参数设计与估算研究

中性束注入器偏转磁铁是剥离束流中剩余离子的关键设备,它与剩余离子吞食器等内部部件构成了中性束注入器的束偏转系统。束偏转系统的性能对中性束注入器束流的品质及其束传输效率发挥着重要作用。本文根据EAST(Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak,EAST)中性束注入器对束偏转系统的要求,对其偏转磁铁各性能参数进行了估算。为中性束注入器设计了一台用以剩余离子180°偏转的偏转磁铁。该偏转磁铁采用H型二极电磁铁结构;其磁极端面设计为138cm×47cm的圆角矩形结构;其线圈设计为每侧2饼,每饼2层,每层8根的串联结构,导线选用外方内圆空心铜导体,以满足偏转磁铁稳态运行的需要。该设计的偏转磁铁在370 A励磁电流条件下,可提供80keV氘离子束偏转所需的磁场。实验测试结果显示:500 A励磁电流稳态运行条件下,偏转磁铁线圈冷却水温升约21.5℃,该设计结构的偏转磁铁满足EAST中性束注入器满参数稳态运行和未来运行参数逐步提高的需要。     

EAST安全联锁监管系统设计

全超导托卡马克装置(FullSuperconductingTokamak,FST)所有主要磁体均为超导磁体,其运行风险大大高于现有的其它超导托卡马克。EAST(ExperimentalAdvancedSuperconductingTokamak)是一个全超导托卡马克装置,为了避免人员和装置出现意外事故,建立了联锁系统与安全系统。安全联锁监管系统位于EAST联锁系统与安全系统的顶层,协调各分控系统的安全运行。根据EAST安全联锁系统的需求,采用可编程逻辑控制器、联锁信号光纤网和光电转换设备,建立了安全联锁监管系统,实现了事件收集、信号循环扫描、保护动作输出、系统状态和故障日志信息记录和实时监控等功能。该系统实际扫描周期平均值约0.7ms,最大值约3ms,达到了EAST安全联锁系统的要求。     

Achievement of 100 s Long Pulse Neutral Beam Extraction in EAST Neutral Beam Injector

Neutral beam injection (NBI) is recognized as one of the most e®ective means for plasma heating. A 100 s long pulse neutral beam with 30 keV beam energy, 10 A beam current and a 100 s long pulse modulating neutral beam with 50 keV beam energy, 16 A beam current were achieved in the EAST neutral beam injector on the test-stand. The preliminary results suggest that EAST-NBI system initially possess the ability of long pulse beam extraction.     

北京同步辐射生物大分子光束线监测系统

介绍了基于LabVIEW开发的BSRF(北京同步辐射装置)生物大分子光束线监测系统。该系统对光束线真空、冷却水、光学元件姿态、光束状态、液氮状态进行实时监控,及时发现故障并给出报警,以保障光束线设备安全、稳定、可靠地运行。系统底层利用对现场设备开发的驱动程序进行数据采集,采集的数据上传至数据共享平台使之可以通过网络共享。系统上层按照实际功能划分模块,建立光束线总监测界面。通过LabSQL工具包实现系统与MySQL数据库互连,将采集数据传至数据库,方便对数据进行存储、管理和查询。