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1.
J. K. G. Kramer H. W. Hulan A. H. Corner B. K. Thompson N. Holfeld J. H. L. Mills 《Lipids》1979,14(9):773-780
The triglycerides of soybean oil were purified by molecular distillation and those of Tower rapeseed oil by molecular distillation
and adsorption chromatography. The original oils and the purified triglycerides were incorporated in semisynthetic diets at
20% by weight and fed for 16 weeks to weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats to compare the nutritional and pathological effects
of the oils and their triglyceride fractions on rats. The study was carried out at two independent laboratories. No significant
differences were observed between the results of the two establishments. The incidence of myocardial lesions was significantly
higher in rats fed Tower rapeseed oil than in those fed soybean oil. Purification of the triglycerides by molecular distillation
and adsorption chromatography appeared to have no major effect on the incidence of myocardial lesions. This supports our previous
findings that the cardiopathogenicity of the test oils to rats resides in the triglycerides of these oils.
Contribution No. 832 from Animal Research Institute and No. I-78 from Engineering and Statistical Research Institute. 相似文献
2.
Procedures for the large scale isolation of pure triglycerides and fractions rich in nontriglyceride components from Span
rapeseed oil are described. Fractionation ofBrassica campestris var. Span rapeseed oil by molecular distillation yielded 4 triglyceride fractions, all of which contained traces of sterol
esters. An additional triglyceride fraction rich in free and esterified sterols and other volatile components was obtained
from the oil. Separation by adsorption chromatography of Span rapeseed oil yielded three fractions: A) a pure triglyceride
fraction; B) a triglyceride fraction rich in sterol esters; and C) another fraction containing free sterols and other polar
components.
Contribution no. 559 Animal Research Institute. 相似文献
3.
J. K. G. Kramer 《Lipids》1973,8(11):641-648
Studies are reported on the effect of feeding diets containing rapessed oils differing in their erucic acid content to male
weanling rats for 16 weeks. Rapeseed oil high in erucic acid depressed growth. Total lipids, lipid phosphorous and cholesterol,
in the livers were not significantly different between the experimental groups. The fatty acid composition of the total liver
lipids, the neutral lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine are documented. Erucic and eicosenoic acids were
found in all lipid classes at the same relative concentration; the amount being incorporated was proportional to that found
in the dietary oil. The positional analysis of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine are presented. Erucic acid
was incorporated preferentially at position two of these phospholipids, whereas, twice the level of eicosenoic acid was found
at position one, compared to that which occurred at the two position.
This article represents part of an extensive experiment carried out by Agriculture Canada to investigate the nutritional value
of rapeseed oils (see ref. 15).
Contribution No. 497 from the Animal Research Institute. 相似文献
4.
After 1 week, the level of myocardial fatty acids was 4 times greater in young rats fed high erucic rapessed oil than in those
fed olive oil. The proportion of erucic acid was 5.6% in the mitochondrial fraction, 15.1% in the microsomal fraction, and
34.8% in the floating fat fraction. This incorporation of erucic acid into triglycerides of the floating fat was evidence
of esterification. The changes in the mitochondrial lipids did not alter the content of adenine nucleotides of the myocardium
nor its apparent capacity to oxidize substrates. 相似文献
5.
Male Wistar rats were fed rapeseed oil containing high or low levels or erucic acid for 20 weeks, and changes in the fatty
acid composition of cardiac mitochondrial phospholipids were studied. Treatment with rapeseed oil containing 46.2% erucic
acid showed incorporation of 22∶1 (5.6%) into isolated cardiolipin from heart mitochondria. After high or low (3.7%) erucic
rapeseed oil feeding, linoleic acid was slightly incorporated into cardiolipin. Moreover, both of these rapeseed oils induced
a significant increase of linoleate-arachidonate ratio in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. This ratio was
also significantly increased in fatty acids esterified to the β-position of these phospholipids. On the basis of such results,
we have to consider the role of linolenic acid which is present at a high level in the different rapeseed oils used, as a
possible inhibitor of heart microsomal enzymes involved in linoleate arachidonate conversion. Such alterations might account
for mitochondrial fragility and myocardial lesions obtained in long term rapeseed oil feeding experiments.
ERA-CNRS no 070497 相似文献
6.
Natural compounds and vegetable powders improve the stability and antioxidant properties of Brassica napus L. var. oleifera (rapeseed) oil 下载免费PDF全文
Rosa Tundis Maria Concetta Tenuta Monica R. Loizzo Marco Bonesi Francesco Menichini Garry Duthie 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2017,119(4)
7.
The effect of clofibrate on heart and plasma lipids in rats fed a diet containing 30% of the calories as peanut oil (PO) or
rapeseed oil (RSO) (42.7% erucic acid and 0.5% eicosenoic acid) was studied. A decrease of erucic acid content to one-third
and concomitant increase in the content of 18∶1, 16∶1 and 16∶0 fatty acids in plasma triacylglycerols were observed after
administration of clofibrate to rats fed the RSO-diet. It is suggested that these changes reflect the increased capacity of
the liver to chainshorten very long chain length fatty acids. The extent of lipidosis in the heart of rats fed the RSO-diet
was decreased by 50% by clofibrate. However, the concentration of erucic acid in heart triacylglycerols decreased much less
(30%) than the concentration of all other fatty acids (50–65%). It is concluded that the clofibrate administration increased
the oxidative capacity of the heart mitochondria and that the heart cell does not have an efficient system to handle very
long chain length monounsaturated fatty acids as does the liver. 相似文献
8.
Liquid products obtained from pyrolysis of plastics and thermosets fractions (keyboard, casings and printed circuits board and their mixture) of used computers were upgraded by thermal and catalytic hydrogenation. The effect of thermal hydrogenation was improved by using catalysts such as commercial hydrogenation DHC-8 catalyst and metal loaded activated carbon. The upgraded degradation products were separated in three fractions (residue, liquids and gases) and characterized by suitable methods such as gas chromatography (GC-MSD, GC-AED), infrared (FT-IR) and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, etc. Using of catalyst mainly affected the product distribution of upgrading process. Liquids having high amount of aromatics were obtained by upgrading. Most of hazardous toxic compounds in liquids were eliminated after hydrogenation (e.g., halogens were removed mainly by converting them into gaseous hydrogen chloride and bromide). It has been established that the hydrogenation led to elimination of the most of hazardous toxic compounds, mainly those containing bromine. 相似文献
9.
The kinetics of rapeseed oil hydrogenation was studied at 140–220 C and at 0.3–10 atm hydrogen pressure in a laboratory reactor in the presence of 0.05% nickel catalyst. A mathematical model was fitted to the experimental data, and temperature and pressure dependence of the different reaction steps was discussed on the basis of the model. The adequacy of the model was tested by means of a residual analysis. 相似文献
10.
Male and female weanling rats were fed diets containing 2 or 42% of calories as corn oil or 40% as beef tallow plus 2% as
corn oil until they were 12 or 18 weeks of age. Incorporation of C14-acetate into lipids of serum and liver and concentration of lipids in serum, liver, and carcass at the end of these periods
were determined.
Net synthesis of noncholesterol lipid was repressed by changing the diet from 2% to 42% of calories from either dietary fat
in both sexes and at both ages. Cholesterol net synthesis was enhanced 29-fold in males and 22-fold in females fed 42% corn
oil compared to 2% corn oil to the age of 12 weeks. It was enhanced only 2.6-fold for males and 3.4-fold for females by 40%
beef tallow plus 2% corn oil. At 18 weeks of age cholesterol synthesis in males fed 42% corn oil was 7.3 and in females 9.1
times the value for those fed 2% corn oil. At this age the values for rats fed 40% beef tallow plus 2% corn oil were 1.2 and
3.7 times those for 2% corn oil fed rats of the respective sexes. 相似文献
11.
To investigate the role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase in the triacylglycerol lowering effects of fish oil,
rats were fed lard (L), corn oil (CO) or menhaden oil (MO) as the primary fat source in otherwise identical diets. After 2
weeks, soleus muscle LPL differed between groups (MO>CO>L). Hepatic lipase did not differ between CO- and MO-fed rats but
was elevated in L-fed rats. Adipose LPL did not differ between diet groups. Total epididymal fat weight was reduced in MO-fed
rats. There was a significant positive correlation between adipose tissue weight and plasma free fatty acids. MO-fed rats
had lower plasma insulin levels. Insulin was directly correlated with plasma triacylglycerol and glucose, consistent with
a hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant state in CO-and L-fed rats, and a protective effect with MO feeding. In addition, insulin
was directly correlated with adipose LPL. A negative relationship between soleus muscle LPL and insulin approached significance.
Soleus muscle LPL was significantly inversely correlated with triacylglycerol. The data indicate that increased skeletal muscle
LPL, in response to MO or a MO-induced decrease in insulin, may contribute to the triacylglycerol-lowering effects of fish
oil. Decreased fat weight and adipose LPL and increased soleus muscle LPL and decreased plasma triacylglycerol suggest a shift
from fat deposition to oxidation with MO feeding. The lack of response of hepatic lipase to MO feeding suggests that this
enzyme does not contribute to the fish oil-stimulated lowering of plasma triacyglycerolvia hepatic reuptake of very low density lipoproteins or other triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. 相似文献
12.
Philip E. Sonnet Thomas A. Foglia Stephen H. Feairheller 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(4):387-391
The fatty acid selectivity of several commercial lipases was evaluated in the hydrolysis of high-erucic acid rapeseed oil
(HEARO). The lipase ofPseudomonas cepacia catalyzed virtually complete hydrolysis of the oil (94–97%), while that ofGeotrichum candidum discriminated strongly against erucic acid, especially in esterification. A two-step process is suggested for obtaining a
highly enriched erucic acid in which theG. candidum lipase is employed to selectively esterify the fatty acid residues of unsaturated C-18, and shorter chain acids, from a mixture
of HEARO fatty acids obtained from total hydrolysis of the oil withP. cepacia lipase. 相似文献
13.
The effect of zinc deficiency on the levels of n−6 and n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in lipids from tissues of rats
fed a diet containing linseed oil was investigated. Rats were fed either a control diet (25 mg Zn/kg) or a zinc-deficient
diet (0.8 mg Zn/kg) for 10 d. To avoid energy and nutrient deficiency, 11.6 g of diet per day was administered by gastric
tube. At the end of the experiment, rats fed the zinc-deficient diet had drastically reduced plasma zinc concentration and
alkaline phosphatase activity consistent with severe zinc deficiency in these rats. Zinc-deficient rats had higher levels
of n−3 PUFA, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and lower levels of n−6 PUFA, in particular linoleic acid, in liver
and plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) and in erythrocyte membrane total lipids than did control rats. By contrast, the levels
of n−3 PUFA in PC from testes and heart, and in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from liver, testes and heart, were only slightly
different between zinc-deficient and control rats. The study suggests that desaturation of α-linolenic acid is not inhibited
by zinc deficiency, and that in zinc-deficient rats, n−3 PUFA preferentially incorporated into phospholipids at the expense
of n−6 PUFA, especially EPA into PC. The study also shows that the effect of zinc deficiency on PUFA levels is different for
PC and PE in rat tissues. 相似文献
14.
N. V. Lovegren B. B. Gajee M. S. Gray R. O. Feuge 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1973,50(2):53-57
Previously it was reported that the stearine obtained as a byproduct in the solvent winterization of cottonseed oil is a good
starting material for the preparation of cocoa butter-like fats by way of hydrogenation and fractionation. The composition,
physical properties, and compatability with cocoa butter have been determined for some of these fats. While the products contained
triglyceride species other than those in cocoa butter, the major components were similar in that they were 2-oleodisaturated
glycerides. The cocoa butter-like fats underwent slow polymorphic transformations, but made confectionery coatings remarkably
resistant to bloom. Cooling curves resembled those of cocoa butter. Hardness was related to melting point; those fats melting
below 35 C were softer than cocoa butter at room temperature, but fats melting above 35 C could be made to resemble cocoa
butter in hardness. Adding cocoa butter to the cocoa butter-like fats had little effect on the softening point. X-Ray diffraction
studies of 1:1 mixtures gave no evidence of mixed crystal formation; the long spacings resembled those of mechanical mixtures.
In some other mixtures, certain short spacings became more pronounced.
ARS, USDA. 相似文献
15.
《分离科学与技术》2012,47(15):2352-2362
For the first time, an efficient purification process of flavonoids and intermediate polar nitrogen-containing constituents from Brassica campestris L. pollen with the help of an improved polystyrene based matrix, LS305 was developed. Three methods (Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatographic with Ultraviolet/Diode Array Detector, spectrophotometric, and automatic Kjeldahl) have been applied for the determination and quantification of flavonoids and nitrogen. With the help of the purification process, the flavonoids content was increased from ~16% to ~45% (w/w). ~6% (w/w) nitrogen originated from intermediate polar nitrogen-containing compounds was retained. These results would contribute to improve industrial processes. 相似文献
16.
A tandem mass spectrometric method is described for the rapid analysis of fatty acid combinations in mixtures of triacylglycerols.
Triacylglycerols were introduced into a triple quadrupole mass spectrometervia a direct exposure probe and deprotonated using ammonia negative ion chemical ionization. Collisionally activated spectra
were obtained and the resulting fragments used to identify the fatty acid constituents, and the fatty acids preferentially
located at thesn-2 position of the triacylglycerols. Fourteen major molecular weight species of purified triacylglycerols of a supercritical
fluid extract of low erucic acid turnip rapeseed oil (Brassica campestris) were analyzed. The five major combinations of fatty acids comprised two thrids of the total triacylglycerols and contained
oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids with linoleic acid favoring thesn-2 position. 相似文献
17.
Karel Komers Radek Stloukal Jaroslav Machek Frantiek Skopal 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2001,103(6):363-371
Detailed analysis is described of the samples taken after suitable reaction times from the actual reaction mixture during the production of biodiesel fuel using methanolysis of rapeseed oil catalyzed by KOH. Three methods for stoppage of reaction (neutralisation of catalyst, dilution by two suitable solvents) in the sample are used. The contents of mono‐, di‐ and triacylglycerols, methylesters of fatty acids (biodiesel) and potassium salts of fatty acids of rapeseed oil, glycerol (by HPLC method), basicity (by potentiometric titration) and water (by GC and Karl‐Fischer method) in the samples are determined. An example of these determinations is described. 相似文献
18.
N. G. Kulkarni N. Krishnamurti P. C. Chatterjee J. S. Aggarwal 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1969,46(8):396-398
Ten divinyl monomers have been synthesized, based on commonly available products derived from castor oil, in 50–100 g lots
of high purity. These were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and their purity was checked by chromatographic methods.
Boiling points, refractive indices and iodine values of the products are reported. Thin layer chromatography of divinyl monomers
based on decanedioic acid has also been studied. 相似文献
19.
20.
K. E. Eapen N. W. Tape R. P. A. Sims 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1969,46(1):52-55
Feasibility studies have shown that a white, bland, defatted, thioglucoside-free flour can be prepared from rapeseed. The
thioglucosides, the precursors of toxic principles, present in rapeseeds are removed by aqueous extraction. The key operations,
boiling of the seed followed by wet-grinding and aqueous extraction, help in the removal of seed coat from the rapeseed. Although
aqueous extraction results in the loss of solids, the quality of the end products is good and may offset the loss.
Issued as No. 108 of the Food Research Institute. 相似文献