Commentary: Causal processes leading to antisocial behavior.

Conceptual, and empirical, questions are raised regarding the notion that physical aggression is the main individual risk factor for antisocial behavior; that language impairment also constitutes a risk factor; the meaning of the male preponderance for antisocial behavior; the findings on environmentally mediated risk; the role of biosocial interplay; social context effects; the construct of antisocial behavior; developmental trends; processing of experiences; and transactional effects. The main blocks to using research to develop policy are the lack of evidence on (a) the mediators of the causal processes, (b) what is needed to bring about change, (c) ways to ensure that individuals who need interventions actually receive them, and (d) differences in levels of antisocial behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Inherited inadequate uterine environment leading to mental retardation: negative evidence in pedigree data

The frequency of mental retardation in the offspring of maternal aunts of retarded probands is compared with the frequency in offspring of other aunts or uncles of the same probands. There is no support for inherited uterine inadequacy as an explanatory factor for mental retardation.     

Stress relaxation and mechanical behavior of metals

Stress relaxation tests have been made in the temperature range 200° to 400°C on two materials, the Mg-Al eutectic alloy and commercial purity zirconium. The materials represent respectively high and low homologous temperature regimes. The novel features of the tests are the use of high speed, high sensitivity digital measurement techniques and the direct reduction of the data to stress-strain rate curves. It was possible in this way to obtain phenomenological information on the material behavior over a very large range of strain rate with very few specimens. Comparison was made with results obtained by more conventional differential strain rate tests. The test lends itself well to establishing the phenomenology of mechanical behavior of metals.     

Experimental evidence for stages of health behavior change: The precaution adoption process model applied to home radon testing.

Hypotheses generated by the precaution adoption process model, a stage model of health behavior, were tested in the context of home radon testing. The specific idea tested was that the barriers impeding progress toward protective action change from stage to stage. An intervention describing a high risk of radon problems in study area homes was designed to encourage homeowners in the model's undecided stage to decide to test, and a low-effort, how-to-test intervention was designed to encourage homeowners in the decided-to-act stage to order test kits. Interventions were delivered in a factorial design that created conditions matched or mismatched to the recipient's stage (N?=?1,897). Both movement to a stage closer to testing and purchase of radon test kits were assessed. As predicted, the risk treatment was relatively more effective in getting undecided people to decide to test than in getting decided-to-act people to order a test. Also supporting predictions, the low-effort intervention proved relatively more effective in getting decided-to-act people to order tests than in getting undecided people to decide to test. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Setting and stress relaxation behavior of resilient denture liners

OBJECTIVE: This study examines whether stressful negative life events and pessimism were associated with lower natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) and T cytotoxic/suppressor cell (CD8+CD3+) percentage in black women co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and human papillomavirus (HPV), a viral initiator of cervical cancer. METHOD: Psychosocial interviews, immunological evaluations, and cervical swabs for HPV detection and subtyping were conducted on 36 HIV+ African-American, Haitian, and Caribbean women. RESULTS: Greater pessimism was related to lower NKCC and cytotoxic/suppressor cells after controlling for presence/absence of HPV Types 16 or 18, behavioral/lifestyle factors, and subjective impact of negative life events. CONCLUSIONS: A pessimistic attitude may be associated with immune decrements, and possibly poorer control over HPV infection and increased risk for future promotion of cervical dysplasia to invasive cervical cancer in HIV+ minority women co-infected with HPV.     

添加剂降低烧结烟气中CO含量的试验行为

针对烧结烟气中CO质量分数高的问题,采用烧结杯试验的方法,配加不同种类的添加剂,研究了添加剂对烧结烟气中CO质量分数及其对烧结矿冶金性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,配加1号~4号添加剂后,烧结烟气中的CO质量分数较基准样分别降低了29.60%、27.44%、17.30%、14.98%。其中,起强化烧结与氧化作用的1号添加剂和催化氧化作用的2号添加剂效果较佳;配加添加剂在降低烧结烟气中CO质量分数的同时可以改善烧结矿冶金性能;特别是配加1号、2号添加剂后,烧结矿转鼓指数较基准样分别提高了3.00%、1.66%,成品率较基准样分别提高了2.55%、3.08%。     

Experimental analysis of behavior.

"It is my position that the experimental analysis of behavior is essentially the same whether we are dealing with the behavior of the paramecium or the man, whether we are analyzing behavior that appears to be simple or that which appears to be complex." The experimental analysis of behavior is independent of behavioral complexity. "No behavior is too complicated to analyze experimentally, if only the proper techniques can be discovered and developed." Trends in the experimental analysis of behavior include (1) The attempt "to analyze ever increasingly complex behavioral processes." (2) The "increasing importance being given to developmental investigations." (3) The "development of interlaboratory research." (4) A "developing belief that the experimental method as a method for the analysis of behavior is the common property of all behavioral scientists." (5) The adaptation of "method to problems rather than to adapt problems to method… ." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)