铜硫浮选分离技术与药剂研究进展

硫化铜矿的选别工艺以浮选为主,黄铜矿与黄铁矿可浮性相似是二者难以分离的根本原因。总结了硫化铜矿浮选分离技术的研究现状,介绍了优先浮铜工艺、铜硫混浮-再磨-铜硫分离工艺、分支串流浮选工艺、等可浮工艺和部分优先-混合浮选工艺的特点,综述了硫化铜矿捕收剂和黄铁矿抑制剂的分类及优缺点,并展望了铜硫浮选分离技术与药剂的发展方向。     

典型金属离子对黄铜矿浮选效果的影响研究进展

总结分析了黄铜矿浮选矿浆中难免金属离子的主要来源,以及Na⁺、Al³⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺等金属离子在黄铜矿浮选中对浮选行为的影响及其相应作用机理。研究表明,金属离子在浮选矿浆中通过生成亲水性胶体或沉淀影响矿物表面荷电性能,从而改变矿物表面性质,影响黄铜矿的浮选效果。金属离子的浓度以及矿浆环境也会对金属离子在矿浆中的浮选行为造成影响。指出可以应用先进检测手段和量子力学计算的方法探索金属离子的影响机制,展望了金属离子在黄铜矿浮选中的应用前景和发展方向。     

氧化剂分选毒砂与黄铁矿的作用机理

黄铁矿和毒砂由于结构相似,可浮性相近,它们的分离仍然是选矿和制酸工业的一大难题。本文着重研究了氧化对它们分选的影响,以便寻找有效分离途径。 一、浮选试验结果与分析 1.高锰酸钾的氧化作用 浮选纯净毒砂和黄铁矿时,随着高锰酸钾用量的增加,均受到强烈的抑制,体现不出任何选择性。当用量达8毫克/升时,呈现完全受抑制现象,两矿物的浮游率很低但趋于稳定,这可能是氧化后的矿物表面仍能吸附一定数量的捕收剂之故。高锰酸钾的氧化时间对两矿物抑制效果影响不大,表明氧化过程是快速进行的,因此不太可能利用控制氧化时间来分离它们。     

应用浮选特性指数分析有机抑制剂抑制毒砂作用机理

通过实验考查了复杂硫化矿浮选过程中在铜离子活化,丁黄药为捕收剂的条件下,多羟基和多羧基黄原酸盐有机抑制剂抑制毒砂的效果。实验结果表明:铜离子活化对毒砂影响不大,在pH6范围内,无论多羟基黄原酸盐还是多羧基黄原酸盐对毒砂都有良好的抑制作用,其抑制作用强弱顺序随着亲水基的增加而增强。同时通过浮选特性指数i的计算公式计算了实验用7种药剂的i值。这些药剂的浮选特性指数i的研究结果也表明,抑制剂的i值越大,抑制效果越好。     

方铅矿表面亲水性及浮选抑制机理研究进展

方铅矿是重要的硫化铅矿物,具有良好的可浮性,常与其他可浮性相近的金属硫化矿伴生,导致浮选分离困难。介绍了晶体结构和晶格缺陷、半导体性质、表面氧化、矿浆pH、矿浆电位等因素影响方铅矿亲水性的内在原理,综述了无机抑制剂、有机抑制剂、组合抑制剂等抑制剂的浮选抑制机理。研发无毒、环保的高效单一选择性抑制剂和组合抑制剂是方铅矿浮选分离研究的重要方向。     

黄铁矿的可浮性与半导性的关系

本文探讨了产自三个不同类型矿床黄铁矿在各种调整剂中的浮选行为,并对各种黄铁矿的半导性与可浮性的关系进行了讨论。单泡浮选试验结果表明,在正常丁黄药浓度下,各种黄铁矿的可浮性存在差异,它们分别受NaOH·FeSO_4·CaO等影响,所显示的可浮性大小顺序是一致的。作者提出一个半导性影响矿物表面形成双黄药的电化学过程动力学模型,利用这一模型,各种黄铁矿可浮性的差别可得到较好的解释。     

羧甲基纤维素对微细粒蛇纹石的絮凝及抑制作用

通过浮选实验、沉降实验、吸附量测试及红外光谱测试研究不同种类抑制剂在蛇纹石浮选中的作用,并考察其作用机理.结果表明,蛇纹石表面亲水,可浮性较差,微细粒级蛇纹石能够通过泡沫夹带上浮进入精矿.高分子抑制剂羧甲基纤维素(CMC)能完全抑制细粒级蛇纹石的浮选,而抑制剂水玻璃不能抑制细粒级蛇纹石的浮选.机理研究表明,CMC和水玻璃均能在蛇纹石表面吸附,而高分子抑制剂CMC能对细粒级蛇纹石产生絮凝作用,增大蛇纹石颗粒表观粒度,降低泡沫夹带,从而实现细粒级蛇纹石的完全抑制.     

含方解石磷铁矿选磷试验研究

本文对我国某磷铁矿磁选尾矿进行了选磷试验研究。试验矿样中有较高含量的方解石矿物,方解石与磷灰石表面性质相似,可浮性差别较小,浮选分离较困难。试验采用了一种方解石抑制剂S-716,该抑制剂能够有效抑制方解石矿物,而对磷矿物的抑制作用较小,实现了磷灰石矿物与方解石矿物的有效浮选分离。含P2O57.34%的原矿,经正浮选一次粗选两次精选开路试验,获得了P2O5品位为27.01%,P2O5回收率为71.06%的磷精矿。     

抑制剂对红柱石和石英浮选分离的影响研究

通过单矿物浮选试验考察了红柱石和石英在捕收剂CSB作用下的浮选行为、Fe<'3+>对红柱石和石英可浮性的影响以及几种抑制剂对红柱石和石英的抑制效果.结果表明:用CSB作捕收剂时,红柱石和石英在pH=3.0～3.1的强酸性条件下可有效分离;当矿浆中存在Fe<'3+>时.石英被明显活化,红柱石和石英的浮选行为趋于一致,达不...     

强化磁黄铁矿浮选因素的探讨

磁黄铁矿若伴生有一定品位的磁铁矿时,常进行综合回收利用。在这种情况下,虽然可分别用浮选法和磁选法得到硫、铁精矿,但由于磁黄铁矿可浮性差及固有的强铁磁性,常使铁精矿中含硫量过高而影响产品质量。因而在硫铁分离中强化磁黄铁矿的浮选,降低铁精矿中的含硫量,无疑具有重要的意义。     

45m~3机械搅拌式浮选机的设计与应用

为实现浮选机的大型化、高效化、节能化,设计了45 m3机械搅拌式浮选机。阐述了45 m3机械搅拌式浮选机的结构和工作原理,重点分析了浮选机的槽体、叶轮、定子、刮泡机构、假底稳流板等关键部件的设计要求。浮选机清水性能试验表明:叶轮转速137.58 m/s,浸没深度895 mm时,浮选机工艺指标最优。45 m3机械搅拌式浮选机在大阳泉选煤厂的应用结果表明:改造后浮选精煤灰分为10.69%,尾煤灰分为55.35%,浮选精煤产率为68.03%,满足生产要求,且浮选机对不同粒级煤泥都有很好的回收效果。与FCMC3000浮选柱相比,在入料灰分相差不大的情况下,XJM-S45浮选机的尾煤灰分、精煤产率、可燃体回收率、浮选完善指标分别提高了18.61%、18.84%、23.90%、18.30%。     

高灰氧化煤的浮选试验研究

针对高灰氧化煤存在的细粒级含量大、灰分高、难浮选等问题,研究了浮选机、浮选柱对高灰氧化煤浮选效果的影响,考察了脂肪醇(乙醇和丁醇)对氧化煤的去氧化作用。浮选机试验表明:经促进剂处理后,煤样浮选效果明显改善,与空白试验相比,丁醇处理后煤样的可燃体回收率提高了12.99%,精煤灰分降低了16.63%;丁醇改善氧化煤浮选效果的能力要强于乙醇,可燃体回收率提高了1.30%～11.43%,精煤灰分降低了0.21%～1.46%。浮选柱试验表明:丁醇对高灰氧化煤的浮选柱分选效果较乙醇好,在循环泵压力为0.16 MPa时,煤泥浮选效果最好,可燃体回收率为38.55%,精煤灰分为19.49%,比相同药剂条件下浮选机试验的可燃体回收率提高了6.26%,精煤灰分降低了3.32%。因此,经脂肪醇预处理后,煤泥浮选效果明显提高,且浮选柱的分选效果要好于浮选机。     

低品位硅钙质胶磷矿选矿试验研究

湖北某磷矿原矿P20s品位为11.11％,MgO质量分数为7.11％,且嵌布粒度较细,属于难选硅钙质胶磷矿.针对该矿石特征,采用正反浮选工艺,通过正、反浮单因素条件试验和正反浮选闭路试验,获得磷精矿P2O5品位29.10％,MgO质量分数1.15％,精矿P2O5回收率83.08％的较好指标,实现了低品位胶磷矿综合利用的目标.     

Effects of magnetic pretreatment on diesel oil properties and its relationship to low rank coal flotation

The effects of diesel oil pretreated with magnetic field on low rank coal flotation were investigated in this study. Flotation results demonstrated that combustible matter recovery increased with the magnetized time (MT) and magnetic field intensity (MFI), then plateaued while concentrate ash barely changed. The highest combustible matter recovery (73.86%) was obtained under 10 min of MT and 0.2 T of MFI. These results coincided with the analyses of interfacial tension and viscosity and supported by the results of SEM and contact angle measurements, indicating that magnetized diesel oil has a beneficial effect on low rank coal flotation.     

Picobubble Enhanced Fine Coal Flotation

Abstract

Froth flotation is widely used in the coal industry to clean ?28 mesh fine coal. A successful recovery of particles by flotation depends on efficient particle‐bubble collision and attachment with minimal subsequent particle detachment from bubble. Flotation is effective in a narrow size range beyond which the flotation efficiency drops drastically. It is now known that the low flotation recovery of particles in the finest size fractions is mainly due to a low probability of bubble‐particle collision while the main reason for poor coarse particle flotation recovery is the high probability of detachment. A fundamental analysis has shown that use of picobubbles can significantly improve the flotation recovery of particles in a wide range of size by increasing the probability of collision and attachment and reducing the probability of detachment.

A specially designed column with a picobubble generator has been developed for enhanced recovery of fine coal particles. Picobubbles were produced based on the hydrodynamic cavitation principle. They are characterized by a size distribution that is mostly below 1 µm and adhere preferentially to the hydrophobic surfaces. The presence of picobubbles increases the probability of collision and attachment and decreases the probability of detachment, thus enhancing flotation recovery. Experimental results with the Coalberg seam coal in West Virginia, U.S.A. have shown that the use of picobubbles in a 2″ column flotation increased fine coal recovery by 10–30%, depending on the feed rate, collector dosage, and other flotation conditions. Picobubbles also acted as a secondary collector and reduced the collector dosage by one third to one half.     

FJC20-4A喷射式浮选机在望峰岗选煤厂的应用

通过对煤泥粒度组成及原煤小浮沉试验的研究可知,望峰岗选煤厂入选原煤属难选煤,浮选入料煤泥为极难浮煤。针对KHD浮选机存在的操作复杂,微泡析出量不足,浮选药剂用量大等问题,分析了FJC20-4A喷射式浮选机的工作原理及主要特点,并对两者的应用效果进行了对比。结果表明:与KHD浮选机相比,FJC20-4A型浮选机浮选精煤产率、尾煤灰分、可燃体回收率、浮选完善指标及浮选数量效率分别提高了22.04%、43.83%、26.51%、23.07%和18.08%,浮选抽出率增加了63.64%左右,浮选药剂消耗量降低了0.03 kg/t。最后对选煤厂效益进行了分析,说明FJC20-4A浮选机的应用使选煤厂生产工艺更加灵活,降低了工人的劳动强度和作业难度,增加了浮选剂的使用效率,选煤厂实际增加经济效益7219.96万元/a。     

Effects of residual concentration of collector CTAC on flotation behavior of illite

ABSTRACT

In present study, illite flotation behavior with Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (CTAC) as the collector has been studied to investigate the effects of its residual concentration on froth stability and flotation. Results showed that, with increasing conditioning time, the residual concentration (frother concentration) and froth height decreased simultaneously, while the adsorbed amount (particle hydrophobicity) increased. Increasing CTAC conditioning time decreased the residual concentration in solutions, resulting in poor froth stability and flotation recovery at high pH; the adsorption rate of CTAC on illite surface was relatively high at higher pH due to strong electrostatic mechanism, making CTAC residual concentration decrease.     

Oxidation of arsenopyrite (FeAsS) in acid Part I: Reactivity of arsenopyrite

The oxidation reactivity of arsenopyrite FeAsS in dilute acid determines the recovery of gold from arsenopyritic gold ores by slurry electrolysis. Stoichiometric,sulfur- and arsenic- deficient arsenopyrite have practically the same oxidation rate. Arsenopyrite is covered with a metal deficient sulfide layer which appears to determine the restpotential of the electrode. This layer can be separately oxidized and reduced during bulk-oxidation of arsenopyrite. Arsenopyrite oxidation is accelerated by dissolved Na₂SO₄ and by high electrode potentials and solution acidity. The rate is controlled by a surface reaction with an apparent activation energy of 33kJmol^–1.     

Beneficiation of Coal Fines by Aggregative Flotation

The effect of various operating parameters on the performance of the aggregative flotation process for beneficiating coal fines was investigated. The recovery of carbonaceous matter was found to be improved by high mixing intensity and by the utilization of preemulsified collector in the aggregate formation stage. The presence of salt in the flotation stage was found to enhance recovery of the aggregates and the use of a three-stage aggregative flotation technique was found to recover more than 95% of the carbonaceous matter while rejecting 94% of the liberated ash (67% of the total mineral matter). This was accomplished using 2 kg of kerosene per tonne of coal while, in contrast, conventional flotation techniques yielded a recovery of 47% at a collector dosage of 7.5 kg/t.     

新华含稀土磷矿浮选实验研究

采用反浮选工艺,研究了抑制剂种类及用量、捕收剂WF-01用量、浮选时间、矿浆浓度和磨矿细度等因素对新华含稀土磷矿浮选效果的影响,并对较佳浮选条件下获得的磷精矿和尾矿进行了稀土分析. 结果表明,浮选剂选用WF-01,工业硫酸不适宜单独作为此矿样浮选时磷矿物的抑制剂,而采用工业磷酸作为抑制剂和矿浆pH值调整剂,在磷酸用量9 kg/t、捕收剂WF-01用量0.8 kg/t、浮选时间9 min、磨矿细度82%为-74 mm、矿浆浓度35%的浮选条件下,可获得较好的浮选和稀土富集效果,磷精矿的P2O5品位可从原矿的21.71%增加到32%以上,回收率达到90%;在浮选过程中稀土主要富集在磷精矿中,富集比为1.56,在精矿中的含量为87.09%.