MMPI-168 factor structure: A replication with public mental health patients.

Separate analyses of 5-, 6-, and 7-factor solutions for the 1st 168 MMPI item responses from a large (2,116) unselected sample of public mental health patients revealed close correspondence with the 6 factors derived by J. E. Overall et al (1973). The 7-factor solution, however, did provide some help in clarifying the psychological significance and differentiation of the factors involved. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Success and preference: A replication and extension.

Results of 2 experiments with a total of 180 undergraduates indicate that preferences for less preferred tasks may be increased as a result of high success ratios in dealing with those tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Facilitative level and verbal conditioning: A replication.

To replicate a study by R. A. Vitalo (see record 1970-08375-001), 32 Ss were verbally conditioned within an experiment designed to vary preexperiment interview, facilitative level of the E, and the contingency of reinforcement. Results fail to substantiate the claims for facilitative interview effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The taxonicity of schizotypy: A replication.

P. E. Meehl's model (1962, 1990) of schizotypy and the development of schizophrenia implies that the structure of liability for schizophrenia is dichotomous, hypothesizing that a "schizogene" determines one's membership in a latent class (or taxon; P. E. Meehl & R. R. Golden, 1982). The present study sought to replicate earlier findings concerning the taxonic latent structure and general population base rate of schizotypy (M. F. Lenzenweger & L. Korfine, 1992). P. E. Meehl's (1973; P. E. Meehl & R. R. Golden, 1982) MAXCOV-HITMAX taxometric analytic procedures were applied to a subset of items from the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS; L. J. Chapman, J. P. Chapman, & M. L. Raulin, 1978), a prominent psychometric index of schizotypy, derived from a new randomly ascertained nonclinical university sample (N?=?1,646). Consistent with the authors' previous results as well as Meehl's conjectures, the data strongly suggest that schizotypy, as assessed by the PAS, is taxonic at the latent level with a low general population taxon base rate (i.e.,     

Distributive justice development and social class: A replication.

28 kindergartners and 28 3rd graders, equally divided between lower- and middle-class and between boys and girls, were given the Distributive Justice Scale, a vocabulary test, and sociometric peer ratings. Results show that regardless of grade, the lower-class Ss lagged behind the middle-class Ss in distributive justice development even when verbal ability was controlled. Findings replicate those of a previous study drawn from the same population (R. Enright et al; see record 1981-07767-001). Both studies show statistically equivalent scores. The peer ratings showed that in both kindergarten and 3rd grade, lower-class Ss were most often named as having negative socioeconomic traits. Implications for social class distributive justice are discussed. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of transcendental meditation: A replication.

Replicated the study by W. Seeman et al (see record 1972-29165-001) of the influence of transcendental meditation on self-actualization. The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) was administered to 9 undergraduates 2 days before beginning a meditation program, and to 9 controls, and readministered 10 wks later. No significant differences were found between groups on the 1st administration. Significant differences were found on the 2nd administration; experimental Ss had higher scores on the Inner Directed and Time Competence scales (p     

Across-task conflict regulation: A replication failure.

Fernandez-Duque and Knight (2008, Experiment 4) described an across-task effect of endogenously generated, anticipatory control: A cue that predicted conflict in an upcoming Eriksen flanker task modulated conflict regulation in a subsequent number Stroop task. In 3 experiments, 1 of which included an exact replication condition, we failed to observe the expected across-task effect. However, a reanalysis of our data revealed a conflict adaptation effect: Number task processing on incongruent trials was influenced by random fluctuations in flanker task performance. Our findings, alongside reports of reactive across-task conflict regulation (Freitas, Bahar, Yang, & Banai, 2007), challenge Fernandez-Duque and Knight’s claim that across-task effects are a distinctive feature of anticipatory cognitive control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Blood donor and nondonor motivation: A transnational replication.

Conducted a questionnaire survey of 533 randomly selected British university students to investigate the motives of blood donors and nondonors. Results obtained are in close agreement with those of R. M. Oswalt and M. Napoliello (see record 1974-22933-001)-donation by volunteer donors appeared to result largely from humanitarian motives, while nondonation was a result, primarily, of fear of the unknown or of apathy. Furthermore, it was shown that a significantly larger proportion of donors than nondonors first heard about the work of the National Blood Transfusion Service through personal contact. Implications of these findings for the recruitment of donors are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Types of vocational undecidedness: A replication and refinement.

Vocational undecidedness may be conceptualized more productively if treated as a multivariate phenomenon. In this study, 196 students undecided on career options completed a battery of personality questionnaires: State and Trait Anxiety, Self-Esteem, Work, Relationship or Leisure orientation, Locus of Control, Vocational Identity, Perception of Barriers, Need for Information, and Planful, Intuitive, or Dependent Decision-Making Style. Results on 10 of these variables were cluster analyzed to determine subtypes. To determine degrees of differences between the groups, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed on the variables not included in the clustering analysis, suggesting some degree of validity of the process. The emerged types resembled to a large degree those found in an earlier study (M. S. Lucas and D. L. Epperson; see record 1989-17226-001). Types and expected relevant behaviors are described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Who is the client: A replication and extension.

T. J. Kramer et al (see record 1993-15569-001) investigated the reasoning used by consultants to determine who their clients are in complex multiclient situations. The present study sought to increase the return rate by shortening and focusing the questionnaire and to determine the impact of demographic variables. Three vignettes were included in a mailed questionnaire that asked 576 consultants who they thought was the most and the 2nd-most important client. Although the return rate (21%) was not substantially increased, the top 3 reasons for determining who the client is were the same in both studies, and the variation within and between vignettes was similar. A new finding in the present study was differences as a function of specialty. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ethnocentrism and stimulus generalization: A replication and further study.

Data were previously reported giving "support to the hypothesis that ethnocentrism represents an 'overgeneralization phenomena.' " In a study of 60 female student nurses, aged 18 through 22, who were given the MMPI, the CVS Intelligence Scale, and the California Ethnocentrism Scale as well as two stimulus generalization (SG) tasks, significant correlations were not found between E Scale scores and total error scores on each stimulus generalization task. Previous positive finding "must therefore probably be attributed to chance. While present results do not preclude the possibility that ethnocentrism is related to overgeneralization in thinking, the functions involved in performance on the tasks investigated do not appear to be on the same psychological continuum." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex bias and managerial evaluations: A replication and extension.

248 male supervisors rated 290 male and 272 female store managers, and 35 female supervisors rated 37 male and 38 female store managers; all Ss were with the same organization. Results show that female store managers were rated higher than male store managers by their supervisors. It is concluded that unfair treatment of women, to the extent that it does exist, does not seem to be a major factor in assessing managerial job performance. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correlates of empathy in psychotherapy: A replication.

Replicated findings regarding the relationship between therapist personal characteristics and therapist empathy levels during psychotherapy. It is concluded that: (1) there is a moderate inverse relationship between therapist MMPI disturbance levels and degree of therapist empathy in interviews, (2) there is no correlation between indexes of therapists' intellectual ability or academic achievement and their empathy scores and (3) there is some reason to doubt that Truax Empathy scores are related to patient outcome in non-client-centered therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparative perceptions of counselor behavior: A replication and extension.

Investigated comparative perceptions of counselor behavior. 40 counseling interviews were rated by 40 16–50 yr old participating clients, 9 counselors (professional staff members), and 5 observers (staff psychologists) along social influence and client-centered dimensions at a Midwestern community mental health center. The Counselor Rating Form (CRF) and Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory ere used to yield measures of these dimensions. Results support the hypothesis that clients would rate their counselors highest on each variable relative to counselor self-ratings and observers' ratings of counselors. Correlational analyses revealed a high degree of relationship among the social influence and client-centered dimensions for client and observer ratings. There was greater agreement between clients and observers than between clients and counselors or counselors and observers on 4 dimensions. Data suggest the existence of a common factor of perceived counselor behavior. The utility of the social influence constructs as measured by the CRF was supported, and this area of study appears to have direct relevance to research in applied professional settings. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Passive avoidance in psychopathic offenders: A replication and extension.

A passive avoidance task was administered to 97 Caucasian and 110 African American offenders to (a) replicate prior research demonstrating poor passive avoidance in psychopathic individuals (Ps) with low anxiety, (b) compare the effects of anxiety, neuroticism, and fear in identifying subgroups of Ps and controls who differ in passive avoidance, and (c) reevaluate the generalizability of this finding to African American offenders. Replicating past research with Caucasian offenders, low-anxious Ps committed significantly more passive avoidance efforts than low-anxious controls. Although this difference was also found in Ps and controls with low neuroticism scores, the comparison involving low-fear offenders failed to reach significance. As in past research, comparable comparisons involving African American offenders were not statistically significant. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Patient feedback on satisfaction with direct services received at a community mental health center: A partial replication.

At 8–29 mo after termination, 73 former patients at a community mental health center evaluated the services they had received. As in the author's previous study (see record 1982-28825-001), most Ss reported that therapy had been moderately or extremely helpful. The perceived degree of help received was related to perceived therapist interest in the S and to the number of therapy sessions. Most Ss rated the problem that brought them to the mental health center as being very serious, although the largest diagnostic category was "condition not attributable to mental disorder." Most Ss had not sought further treatment and did not feel that they needed it after termination. Ss returning to the center did not evaluate therapy any differently than new patients. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Compulsivity as a moderator variable: A replication and extension.

Replicated and extended earlier studies which found that 2 indirect measures of compulsivity (the Strong Accountant scale and a ratio score of reading speed to vocabulary) moderated the correlations of other Strong interest scales with grade-point average (GPA) for male engineering freshmen—the correlations were higher for the less compulsive students. In the present study, the 2 compulsivity variables did not moderate the correlations of the Strong scales with freshman-year GPA for liberal arts students of either sex, although they did for men in the engineering program. The compulsivity variables were not significantly correlated, they did not moderate the same interest scales, and their joint use did not enhance the moderator effect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interior office design and visitor response: A constructive replication.

Evaluated the relationships among 3 office design elements (desk placement, presence of status symbols, and tidiness) and visitor responses, using 100 undergraduates. In a repeated-measures design, Ss rated slides of a faculty office in terms of (1) their feelings of comfort and welcomeness and (2) 12 attributions of the office's occupant. Tidiness demonstrated the strongest effects, with an intermediary level of tidiness generally producing the most favorable feelings and attributions. Desk placement had a meaningful impact on 7 responses, and status symbols were related to 4 responses. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)