载体对镍基催化剂顺酐液相加氢性能的影响

分别以ZrO₂、SiO₂与Al₂O₃为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni质量分数为15%的催化剂,考察了其催化顺酐液相加氢性能,并利用BET、XRD、H₂-TPR以及TPO-MS等表征手段对催化剂进行了详细表征。结果表明,随载体不同各催化剂的加氢活性及选择性存在较大差异,Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂的C=C键加氢活性最高,但其几乎没有C=O加氢活性,催化顺酐加氢主产物为丁二酸酐。Ni/ZrO₂催化剂具有最高的C=O加氢活性,催化顺酐加氢主产物为γ-丁内酯,在反应温度为483 K,氢气压力为5 MPa的条件下反应8 h时,Ni/ZrO₂催化剂的γ-丁内酯选择性达79.20%。催化剂的套用实验表明,Ni/ZrO₂与Ni/SiO₂催化剂具有高的使用稳定性,Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂则在套用过程中快速失活。顺酐加氢至γ-丁内酯的中间产物--丁二酸酐与催化剂间的相互作用是影响催化剂加氢选择性及使用稳定性的主要原因。     

载体对镍基催化剂CH4/CO2重整反应性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/BaTiO3、Ni/Al2O3和Ni/BaTiO3-Al2O3催化剂,对催化剂进行表征,并与催化剂活性相关联.发现与单一载体催化剂相比,具有适当比例组成的Ni/BaTiO3-Al2O3催化剂有更为优越的催化性能.结果表明Ni/BaTiO3-Al2O3催化剂有较大的比表面积;复合载体在制备过程中发生了反应,所生成的BaAl2O4可以阻止γ-Al2O3的相变并极大的提高了载体的热稳定性.     

一种工业镍/氧化铝催化剂的研究

本文以工业用裂解汽油的一段加氢催化剂镍/氧化铝催化剂为具体实例,通过硫酸、盐酸溶样的化学分析法和X光宽化法(XPS),研究了负载子氧化铝上的活性组分镍的形态分布,并探讨了活性组分镍品粒在某些催化反应中所起的作用,对负载型的金届催化剂的机理和应用奠定了一定的研究基础.     

氧化铝载体的回收

以废氧化铝载体原料，在一定温度下与盐酸反应生成了三氯化铝，再经酸化，中和，干燥等处理，最后得到可以利用的氧化铝载体，盐酸的最适宜浓度是７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，氧化铝载体的回收获得了较好的经济效益。     

轻油重整催化剂氧化铝载体新工艺的研究

重整催化剂载体是目前工业用量较大的载体之一，现在多采用金属铝和盐酸或三氯化铝为原料制备。由于制备过程流程长、设备腐蚀严重、产品收率低等因素，严重影响该产品的生产。以硫酸铝和铝酸钠为原料，采用沉淀一溶胶一凝胶技术制备重整催化剂载体，并用XRD、BET和压汞法等表征技术，研究了制备工艺过程条件对氧化铝载体性能的影响规律。     

磷掺杂氧化铝载体对裂解汽油二段加氢催化剂性能的影响

将磷元素选择性插入Al2O3载体中调控载体的结构与表面性质。以改性Al2O3为载体,制备的Co-Mo-Ni催化剂酸性适中,活性组分分散性好,将其用于裂解汽油二段加氢,加氢产品硫含量小于0.5μg/g,溴价小于0.5 g/(100 g),经600 h运转后反应器压差无明显上升。     

载体孔结构对裂解汽油一段加氢Ni/Al2 O3催化剂性能的影响

氧化铝载体的孔结构对裂解汽油一段加氢催化剂性能的影响至关重要。通过优化原粉配比、载体焙烧温度和柠檬酸浓度优化载体孔结构,以获得较大比表面积、大孔容和大孔径的载体。与未优化载体相比,孔体积提高24%,孔径提高40%。在反应器入口温度50℃、反应压力2.6 MPa和体积空速3.0 h~(-1)条件下,使用优化载体制备的催化剂对裂解汽油进行加氢评价试验,结果表明,催化剂稳定性好于参比剂,双烯值稳定在1.5 gI_2·(100g油)~(-1)。     

载体及镍源对镍催化剂催化苯酐选择性加氢反应的影响

分别以SiO2、TiO2、TiO2-SiO2、TiO2-Al2O3和TiO2-ZrO2为载体,以硝酸镍为镍源,采用浸溃法制备出一系列镍基催化剂,考察了不同载体对镍催化剂催化苯酐选择性加氢合成苯酞性能的影响;并考察了以TiO2-ZrO2为载体,分别以硝酸镍、乙酸镍和柠檬酸镍为镍源制备的镍催化剂的加氢性能.通过BET、XRD、SEM等方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,载体对镍催化剂上苯酐加氢反应的影响较大,其中复合氧化物TiO2-SiO2和TiO2-ZrO2负载的镍催化剂上Niu活性组分晶粒度较小,分散度较高,催化剂表现出很好的催化活性和苯酞选择性.此外,以不同镍源制备的Ni/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂性能差异较明显,由乙酸镍制备的催化剂上Niu物种粒度较大,活性较低,由硝酸镍和柠檬酸镍制备的催化剂表现出很高的催化活性和选择性,其中由柠檬酸镍制备的催化剂性能略高于硝酸镍,在实验反应条件下,苯酐转化率为97.1%,苯酞收率为92.9%.     

载体对镍催化剂催化间二硝基苯加氢制间苯二胺反应性能的影响

The hydrogenation of m-dinitrobenzene to m-phenylenediamine in liquid phase was studied with the nickel catalysts supported on SiO2, TiO2, γ-Al2O3, MgO and diatomite carders. Based on the experiments of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, temperature-programmed desorption of hydrogen （H2-TPD） and activity evaluation, the physico-chemical and catalytic properties of the catalysts were investigated. Among the catalysts tested, the SiO2 supported nickel catalyst showed the highest activity and selectivity towards m-phenylenediamine, over which 97.3% m-dinitrobenzene conversion and 95.1% m-phenylenediamine yield were obtained at 373K under hydrogen pressure of 2.6MPa after reaction for 6 h when using ethanol as solvent. Although TiO2 and diatomite supported nickel catalysts also presented high activity, they had lower selectivity towards m-phenylenediamine. As for γ-Al2O3 and MgO supported catalysts were almost inactive for the object reaction. It was shown that both the activity and selectivity of the catalysts were strongly depended on the interaction between nickel and the support. The higher activities of Ni/SiO2, Ni/TiO2 and Ni/diatomite could be attributed to the weaker metal-support interaction, on which Ni species presented as crystallized Ni metal particles. On the other hand, there existed strong metal-support interaction in Ni/MgO and Ni γ-Al2O3, which causes these catalysts more difficult to be reduced and the availability of Ni active sites decreased, resulting in their low catalytic activity.     

Kinetics of acetone hydrogenation over Pt/Al2O3 catalysts

The hydrogenation of acetone to isopropanol has been studied in the vapour phase over Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The rate law obtained at a total pressure of 1 atm and temperatures between 303 and 363 K is of the form V=kP⁰_aP^1/2_H exp (-44 kJ mol^?1 RT^?1). The kinetic results are consistent with a Langmuir-Hinshelwood hydrogenation mechanism involving a half hydrogenated species and a non-competitive chemisorption of acetone and hydrogen on the platinum surface. The specific activity (calculated per platinum surface atom) has been found to be scarcely dependent on the platinum particle size. It is suggested that the chemisorption sites are made of a very small ensemble of platinum atoms.     

Catalytic activity of Pt‐Re‐Pb/Al2O3 naphtha reforming catalysts

BACKGROUND: The main purpose of the naphtha reforming process is to obtain high octane naphtha, aromatic compounds and hydrogen. The catalysts are bifunctional in nature, having both acid and metal sites. The metal function is supplied by metal particles (Pt with other promoters like Re, Ge, Sn, etc.) deposited on the support. The influence of the addition of Pb to Pt‐Re/Al₂O₃ naphtha reforming catalysts was studied in this work. The catalysts were prepared by co‐impregnation and they were characterized by means of temperature programmed reduction, thermal programmed desorption of pyridine and several test reactions such as cyclohexane dehydrogenation, cyclopentane hydrogenolysis and n‐heptane reforming. RESULTS: It was found that Pb interacts strongly with the (Pt‐Re) active phase producing decay in the metal function activity. Hydrogenolysis is more affected than dehydrogenation. Part of the Pb is deposited over the support decreasing the acidity and the strength of the most acidic sites. CONCLUSION: The n‐heptane reforming reaction shows that Pb modifies the stability and selectivity of the Pt‐Re catalysts. Small Pb additions increase the stability and greatly improve the selectivity to C₇ isomers and aromatics while they decrease the formation of low value products such as methane and gases. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

氧化铝负载镍催化剂催化丙酮胺化选择性合成异丙胺

通过XRD、XRF和BET分析表征浙江省低碳脂肪胺工程技术研究中心提供的氧化铝负载镍催化剂a和催化剂b的结构,将催化剂用于催化丙酮胺化反应合成异丙胺,考察原料配比、反应温度、反应压力和丙酮空速对合成异丙胺反应的影响。结果表明,催化剂的比表面积和装填方式影响催化剂活性。丙酮胺化合成异丙胺的最佳合成条件为:反应压力(0.3~0.4)MPa,反应温度(383.15~393.15)K,n(丙酮)∶n(氨气)∶n(氢气)=1∶3∶(3~4),空速(0.30~0.35)h-1,在最佳条件下,异丙胺选择性100%,异丙胺产率最高达97.22%,催化剂连续使用4个月仍保持较好的催化活性。氧化铝负载镍催化剂上丙酮胺化反应机理主要是加成-消除-还原反应机理,而还原-取代反应机理是次要形式。     

Comparative kinetic study of ethylbenzene isomerisation on acidic and non-acidic Pt/Al2O3 catalysts

Ethylbenzene (EB) isomerisation to o-, m- and p-xylene was investigated in a microcatalytic reactor on acidic and non-acidic Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts. Total conversion and product yield distribution data were determined on both catalysts for EB and the xylenes in the temperature range 513–673 K and 1.8 atm. Total conversion of each of the C₈ isomers went through a maximum as the temperature was increased. The onset of reaction occurred at a lower temperature, and the initial rates were higher on the acidic catalyst. Furthermore, the acidic catalyst was found to be very selective in the production of p-xylene at temperatures less than 563 K, and of p- and o-xylene at temperatures less between 563 and 593 K. The Wei-Prater method was used for the calculation of absolute rate constants for EB isomerisation on both catalysts. Generally, the rate constants were higher on acidic Pt/Al₂O₃.     

Effects of promoters on catalytic activity and carbon deposition of Ni/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts in CO2 reforming of CH4

Catalytic reforming of methane with carbon dioxide was studied in a fixed‐bed reactor using unpromoted and promoted Ni/γ‐Al₂O₃ catalysts. The effects of promoters, such as alkali metal oxide (Na₂O), alkaline‐earth metal oxides (MgO, CaO) and rare‐earth metal oxides (La₂O₃, CeO₂), on the catalytic activity and stability in terms of coking resistance and coke reactivity were systematically examined. CaO‐, La₂O₃‐ and CeO₂‐promoted Ni/γ‐Al₂O₃ catalysts exhibited higher stability whereas MgO‐ and Na₂O‐promoted catalysts demonstrated lower activity and significant deactivation. Metal‐oxide promoters (Na₂O, MgO, La₂O₃, and CeO₂) suppressed the carbon deposition, primarily due to the enhanced basicities of the supports and highly reactive carbon species formed during the reaction. In contrast, CaO increased the carbon deposition; however, it promoted the carbon reactivity. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

镍/三氧化二铝油脂加氢催化剂研究

以铝酸钠和硫酸铝为原料制备铝胶,然后将可溶性镍盐、稀土硝酸盐与碱性沉淀剂中和后,加入到上述铝胶中,经水洗、干燥、还原即制得油脂加氢催化剂。氧化铝载体比表面积为(300±10)m2/g时,催化剂活性最高;综合考虑温度对氧化铝载体比表面积及催化剂过滤性能的影响,选取85℃为最佳温度;还原气中氮气、氢气体积比为3∶1时,得到的催化剂活性最好。该催化剂的活性评价结果表明,其性能已达到进口产品的水平。     

Selective catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene to tetralin over a Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst

The selective catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene to high-value tetralin was systematically investigated. A series of Al₂O₃ catalysts containing different active metals (Co, Mo, Ni, W) were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The effects of different active metals forms (oxidation, reduction, sulfuration) and reaction conditions on naphthalene hydrogenation were investigated and the catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, NH₃-TPD and SEM. Especially, Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃ was first used in this reactive system. The results show that the oxidative 4%NiO-20%MoO₃/Al₂O₃ is the best catalyst for the preparation of tetralin. The conversion of naphthalene and the selectivity of tetralin can reach 95.62% and 99.75% respectively at 200 °C, 8 h and 6 MPa. Compared with reduced and sulfureted 4%NiO-20%MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts, oxidative 4%NiO-20%MoO₃/Al₂O₃ has a well dispersed and uniform monolayer of the active metals, larger pore volume and size, and larger total acidity. NiO-MoO₃/Al₂O₃ has a synergistic effect between NiO activity and MoO₃ selectivity.     

共沉淀法制备Ni/Al2O3催化剂的研究

油脂加氢催化剂是以金属镍为活性组分、氧化铝为载体制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂。在制备催化剂过程中,其合成条件直接影响着催化剂的最终活性。以工业硝酸镍、碳酸钠和自制氧化铝粉为原料,利用共沉淀的方法制备加氢催化剂,考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应液pH及反应过程中搅拌转速对催化剂活性的影响。通过实验数据汇总分析,最终确定制备Ni/Al2O3油脂加氢催化剂的最佳条件：反应温度为85 ℃、反应结束时溶液pH=8.0、反应时间为1.5 h、搅拌转速为600 r/min。在此条件下制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂,经棕榈油加氢评价后测定的碘值最低。     

Ni/Al_2O_3覆膜方法

阐述了Ni/Al2 O3 复合颗粒在生产中的应用 ,讨论了在Al2 O3 陶瓷颗粒上形成Ni膜的三种方法 ,分析了这些方法的优缺点。     

磷对Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al2O3加氢处理催化剂的影响研究进展

Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al2O3催化剂是工业中最常用的加氢处理催化剂.磷作为Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al2O3加氢处理催化剂中较为常用的添加剂,用于改善催化剂的物理化学性质.本文从磷对Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al2O3加氢催化剂孔结构、酸性、活性组分分散度等理化性能以及磷对加氢脱硫(HDS)和加氢脱氮(HDN)催化性能两个方面的影响对文献研究结果进行了综述,对磷添加剂的研究结果、存在的分歧以及研究机会进行了分析讨论.