Components of an environmental observatory information system

Recently, an initiative within the hydrologic science and environmental engineering communities has emerged for the establishment of cooperative, large-scale environmental observatories. Scientists’ ability to access and use data collected within observatories to address broad research questions depends on the successful implementation of cyberinfrastructure. In this paper, we describe the architecture and functional requirements for an environmental observatory information system that supports collection, organization, storage, analysis, and publication of hydrologic observations. We then describe a unique system that has been developed to meet these requirements and that has been implemented within the Little Bear River, Utah environmental observatory test bed, as well as across a nation-wide network of 11 similar observatory test bed sites. The components demonstrated comprise an observatory information system that enables not only the management, analysis, and synthesis of environmental observations data for a single observatory, but also publication of the data on the Internet in simple to use formats that are easily accessible, discoverable by others, and interoperable with data from other observatories.     

Publishing sensor observations into Geospatial Information Infrastructures: A use case in fire danger assessment

To improve environmental monitoring, the availability of large coverage, interoperable spatio-temporal data is crucial for its integration into environmental models, for example, to compute fire danger models. In order to produce up-to-date and accurate results, these models require data with high temporal and spatial resolution. Thus, it is promising to consider the increasing number of in-situ sensors providing observations of our environment in real-time. Today, interoperable access to such spatio-temporal data is achieved by Geospatial Information Infrastructures (GIIs). From a technical point of view, GIIs provide these data through standards-based Web service interfaces. While those Web service interfaces already enable the interoperable discovery and retrieval of sensor observations, the functionality to publish sensor observations is still an arduous task. Hence, in this paper, we present an approach to improve the registration of sensors and the publication of their observations via standards-based Web service interfaces. We evaluate our approach by extending a standards-based GII and by applying the developed approach as a proof of concept to integrate in-situ weather observations into the European Forest Fire Information System for assessing fire danger in Spain.     

Trends of environmental information systems in the context of the European Water Framework Directive

In Europe, the development of Environmental Information Systems for the water domain is heavily influenced by the need to support the processes of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). The aim of the WFD is to ensure that all European waters, these being groundwater, surface or coastal waters, are protected according to a common standard. While the WFD itself does only include concrete information technology (IT) recommendations on a very high-level of data exchange, regional and/or national environmental agencies build or adapt their information systems according to their specific requirements in order to deliver the results for the first WFD reporting phase on time. Moreover, as the WFD requires a water management policy centered on natural river basin districts instead of administrative and political regions, the agencies have to co-ordinate their work, possibly across national borders. On this background, the present article analyses existing IT recommendations for the WFD implementation strategy and motivates the need to develop an IT Framework Architecture that comprises different views such as an organisational, a process, a data and a functional view. After having presented representative functions of operational water body information systems for the thematic and the co-operation layer, the article concludes with a summary of future IT developments that are required to efficiently support the WFD implementation.     

面向水环境管理的空间数据仓库构建*

从水环境管理的实际情况出发,提出了面向水环境管理的空间数据仓库构建策略,并对开发的管理系统进行了介绍,最后指出后继研究工作的重点。     

基于元数据的电子政务数据交换的研究

如何方便快捷的实现数据交换是目前电子政务建设中非常重要的一环,尽管目前已经存在一些技术可以实现数据交换目的,但是总是存在着一些问题。文章从数据交换元数据的讨论着手,提出了基于元数据的数据交换系统模型,探讨了数据交换系统中元数据的定义及作用。     

Knowledge-based spatiotemporal linear abstraction

We present a theoretical framework and a case study for reusing the same conceptual and computational methodology for both temporal abstraction and linear (unidimensional) space abstraction, in a domain (evaluation of traffic-control actions) significantly different from the one (clinical medicine) in which the method was originally used. The method, known asknowledge-based temporal abstraction, abstracts high-level concepts and patterns from time-stamped raw data using a formal theory of domain-specific temporal-abstraction knowledge. We applied this method, originally used to interpret time-oriented clinical data, to the domain of traffic control, in which the monitoring task requires linear pattern matching along both space and time. First we reused the method for creation of unidimensional spatial abstractions over highways, given sensor measurements along each highway measured at the same time point. Second, we reused the method to create temporal abstractions of the traffic behaviour, for the same space segments, but during consecutive time points. We defined the corresponding temporal-abstraction and spatial-abstraction domain-specific knowledge. Our results suggest that (1) the knowledge-base temporal-abstraction method is reusable over time and unidimensional space as well as over significantly different domains; (2) the method can be generalised into a knowledge-based linear-abstraction method, which solves tasks requiring abstraction of data along any linear distance measure; and (3) a spatiotemporal-abstraction method can be assembled, from two copies of the generalised method and a spatial-decomposition mechanism, and is applicable to tasks requiring abstraction of time-oriented data into meaningful spatiotemporal patterns over a linear, decomposable space, such as traffic over a set of highways.     

非连接数据库间的数据交换方法

为了实现在物理隔离条件下非连接数据库之间的数据交换,该文将数据交换分类为双向镜像和单向追加两类,重点论述了镜像数据库数据一致性的方法、数据更新冲突的类型和解决以及单向迫如时表间链接关系一致性的维护方法。并结合“电予政务数据安全交换平台”的开发经验,探讨了具体的实现方案。     

模糊数据挖掘在电子政务中的应用

文章首先介绍了数据挖掘技术和模糊数据挖掘技术,然后给出了模糊数据挖掘算法以及详细的模糊数据挖掘步骤,最后用一个具体实例证明了模糊数据挖掘在电子政务系统中的应用价值。     

空间数据结构分析

空间数据库与传统数据库一样,在其物理层上要求有一些专门结构来支持搜索操作。空间数据库中典型的搜索操作包括点查询和区域查询？自从对空间数据库进行研究以来,已经出现了许多支持这些操作的空间数据结构。给出了空间数据结构的一个综述。     

空间Cube计算方法

随着卫星勘测、遥感影像、GPS等系统的广泛应用,目前各行各业拥有了大量的地理空间数据。空间数据仓库技术将较为成熟的数据仓库和联机分析处理技术应用到空间信息领域,以有效地支持空间分析和决策。空间Cube的构建与维护是空间数据仓库和空间联机分析处理的一个核心问题。文章在介绍空间数据仓库模型和空间Cube的基础上,结合空间聚集计算的特点,给出了几种空间Cube计算的有效方法。     

智能数据分析在医学领域的应用综述

回顾了智能数据分析方法在医学领域中的应用情况,目的是缩小医学领域数据采集和数据理解之间的鸿沟。介绍了智能数据分析技术的发展情况,提出了智能数据分析的分类方法,选择介绍了一些重要的智能数据分析方法及其在医学领域中的应用。     

国土空间规划下水利基础设施信息管理平台设计

加快建立国土空间规划体系并监督实施是党中央、国务院做出的重大部署,而水利基础设施空间布局对促进各类空间布局与水资源承载能力、防洪安全保障水平相适应,预留水利基础设施建设空间具有重要作用.为有效对接国土空间规划编制工作,结合实际需求,研究并建立水利基础设施空间布局管理的标准、规范和体系,完成水利基础设施空间数据库的设计,...     

A GIS-based multicriteria spatial decision support system for planning urban infrastructures

The planning of urban infrastructures has important spatial implications. The evaluation of alternative courses of action in this setting requires the explicit consideration of multiple criteria as they have important social, economic, and environmental effects. This paper presents a decision support system aimed at offering the users (e.g., government or municipal agencies) a flexible and user-friendly environment to provide decision aid in urban infrastructure planning. The visualization of available alternatives on maps provides a value-added for decision support processes in urban infrastructure evaluation problems. The development of this system has been motivated by a real world urban case study.     

空间数据立方体多维信息空间分析实例*

多维信息空间分析是构筑数字城市最为关键的技术之一,而空间数据立方体是解决这个关键技术问题的有效途径;提出了空间数据立方体的分析操作主要由概括分析、局部分析、全局分析和旋转分析组成,简单介绍了这些分析操作功能和结构;在分析操作过程中,采用具体分析功能和例子数据相结合的直观方式列举了多维信息的缓冲区分析、连接分析、网络分析实例.     

Preliminary results of ENVISAT RA-2-derived water levels validation over the Amazon basin

Since the launch of the ENVISAT satellite in 2002, the Radar Altimetry Mission provides systematic observations of the Earth topography. Among the different goals of the ENVISAT Mission, one directly concerns land hydrology: the monitoring of the water levels of lakes, wetlands, and rivers. The ENVISAT Geophysical Data Records products contain, over different type of surfaces, altimeter ranges derived from four specialized algorithms or retrackers. However, none of the retrackers are intended to the processing of the radar echoes over continental waters. A validation study is necessary to assess the performances of the different ENVISAT-derived water levels to monitor inland waters. We have selected four test-zones over the Amazon basin to achieve this validation study. We compare first the performances of these retracking algorithms to deliver reliable water levels for land hydrology. Comparisons with in-situ gauge stations showed that Ice-1 algorithm, based on the Offset Centre of Gravity technique, provides the more accurate water stages. Second, we examine the potentiality to combine water levels derived from different sensors (Topex/Poseidon, ERS-1 and -2, GFO).     

云南省水文大数据资源中心设计与应用

如何有效加强水文数据共享应用,提高水文数据应用深度和水平,加大水文产品的社会共享力度,是新时代水文工作面临的重要问题。针对现代化水文大数据资源中心如何建设提供思路和方法。以云南省水文信息化建设为例,重点介绍云南省水文数据资源面临的数据资源整合缺少,分析应用不足、服务共享不够的现状及问题,针对问题提出水文大数据资源中心构建思路和建设内容和技术方法,从数据汇集管理、质量管理、分析应用、运营服务 4 个层面展开介绍。最后对云南省水文大数据资源中心的应用价值及未来进一步拓展方向进行说明,为其他地区水文大数据资源中心建设提供新的思路。     

Implementing data abstraction features in a stack-based language

This paper describes SIMPL-D, a stack-based language with data abstraction features, and some of the details of its implementation. The language allows users to define new types that are parameterized by size and to perform system-defined operations (e.g. assignment) on objects with user-defined types. The use of object-describing templates in the implementation of storage allocation, assignment and returning values from functions is discussed. Finally, the conflicts between automatic initialization and separate compilation are explained.     

数据交换与安全身份认证在护照签证管理系统中的应用研究

分析当前电子政务网上办事系统的发展现状及特点,结合护照签证管理信息系统的使用现状与发展要求,确定了基于网闸数据交换的系统架构.全面研究系统的结构与功能,并采用基于智能key的多项安全技术,保证了系统的易用性,可靠性、安全性与扩展性.     

A technique for subclassing and its implementation exploiting polymorphic procedures

Since the introduction of Smalltalk, the object-oriented approach towards the organization of data and programs has become popular. In this paper the possibilities of exploiting procedure-oriented languages to allow an object-oriented style of programming are analysed. Although the two approaches are apparently dissimilar, a family of procedure-oriented languages is described which allows a high degree of freedom in programming and does not appear to restrain the programmer within the procedure-oriented scheme. Popular languages of this family are ML and PS-Algol. For such languages, a technique is developed which enables an efficient implementation of object-oriented features, such as the subclassing form of inheritance provided by Smalltalk-80 and Simula.     

数据挖掘技术在电子政务建设中的实施思路

随着计算机技术的快速发展,数据挖掘技术也逐渐应用到电子政务建设中,本文通过论述数据挖掘技术能够解决的问题,针对不同功能的电子政务工程建设特点提出了相应的数据挖掘思路,从而避免实施过程中的风险性。