纳米银的制备及应用研究进展

纳米银具有独特的热、光、电、磁、催化和敏感等特性,具有广阔的应用前景,是金属纳米材料研究的热点.阐述了制备纳米银的方法,包括化学还原法、光化学还原法、模板法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法、激光烧蚀法等,列举了纳米银在化学反应、光学领域、抗菌领域和作为抗静电材料的主要应用,简述了纳米银制备过程中存在的不足,展望了纳米银合成研究的发展趋势.     

Role of metal and dielectric nanoparticles in the performance enhancement of silicon solar cells

The suitability of using spherical metal and dielectric nanoparticles on the top of a silicon solar cell has been investigated. An enhancement index factor (EIF) for each wavelength of light and an averaged EIF for the AM 1.5 solar spectrum, weighted by the photon flux, has been introduced. These factors estimate the effect of the nanoparticles in improving the performance of the solar cells, considering the absorption loss due to joule heating, fraction of radiation scattered into the substrate and the front scattered radiation pattern. A systematic comparison between silver and dielectric nanoparticles (silica, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide) shows that titanium dioxide and silicon nitride nano particles of sizes ≥100?nm exhibit larger enhancements compared to that of silver nanoparticles of similar sizes. Further, as the dielectric constant of the dielectric nanoparticles increases, the optimal particle size corresponding to maximal enhancement shifts towards lower value. At optimal particle sizes, the enhancement is 1.5–2 times greater than that due to silver nanoparticles.     

A novel approach for the biosynthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Callistemon lanceolatus (Myrtaceae) and their therapeutic potential

This study describes a novel biological route for the biosynthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles utilising the aqueous extract of Callistemon lanceolatus D.C. leaves. Formation of silver oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy analysis. The biologically synthesised silver oxide nanoparticles were found to be 3–30 nm in size with spherical and hexagonal shape by high-resolution transmission electron microscope analysis. Furthermore, the biogenic silver oxide nanoparticles demonstrated significant (p?in vitro antioxidant methods. These particles also exhibited significant (p?相似文献   

葡聚糖包被磁性纳米材料的合成及其特异性细胞毒性

利用二甘醇作溶剂和还原剂水解还原三氯化铁,合成水溶性的葡聚糖包被磁性纳米材料(MNPs),选择大鼠的肝脏细胞BRL3A、肾脏细胞NRK、星型角质细胞和外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),运用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞凋亡和苏木素伊红(HE)染色细胞形态学观察进行细胞毒性研究.结果发现,MNPs共培养浓度达到64μg/ml时,PBMC出现明显凋亡(p＜0.01),而其它几种细胞在MNPs共培养浓度达到128μg/ml时,仍未出现明显凋亡(p＞0.05).电镜观察发现BRL3A、NRK和星型角质细胞均出现内吞该纳米颗粒,而未观察到PBMC的吞噬现象.结果提示,葡聚糖包被的MNPs的细胞毒性具有细胞特异性,实质性脏器细胞毒性较小,可能与其存在内吞MNPs能力有关,提示葡聚糖包被的MNPs可以运用于机体实质脏器核磁造影剂和药物载体.     

键合型纳米银-腈纶纤维的制备及其抗菌性质

用部分偕胺肟化的腈纶纤维与硝酸银溶液反应,使纤维表面络合上银离子,再用甲醛溶液还原Ag(Ⅰ)成金属Ag,得银复合腈纶纤维。控制AgNO3浓度,可得到银粒尺寸在纳米级的纳米银复合腈纶纤维(Ag—PAN)。用IR光谱和SEM进行表征。对Ag-PAN进行抗菌实验,结果显示：Ag—PAN对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有很强的杀灭作用,Ag含量达0．8％的Ag-PAN对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的杀灭率超过99．99％。Ag含量迭1．3％时,Ag-PAN对3种菌的杀灭时间均在0．5h以内。     

纳米金溶胶细胞毒性的研究

文章主要研究纳米金溶胶的细胞毒性。通过[3H]-TdR掺入法,研究粒径在15—20nm的纳米金溶胶,溶胶中含有的柠檬酸钠溶液以及溶胶中含有的柠檬酸钠与PVP混合溶液对正常细胞（人体表皮细胞、人体皮肤成纤维细胞）和癌细胞（HeLa细胞、K562细胞）活性的影响,实验结果表明,纳米金溶胶中含有的柠檬酸钠与PVP对这四种细胞的活性基本没有影响,可以在一定浓度范围内促进人体正常皮肤细胞的增殖,并具有剂量（以50μmol／L浓度为临界点）和时间依赖性;对于癌细胞则需高于一定浓度（50μmol／L）才有显著的抑制作用。     

Flocculated amorphous itraconazole nanoparticles for enhanced in vitro supersaturation and in vivo bioavailability

Rapid flocculation of nanoparticle dispersions of a poorly water soluble drug, itraconazole (Itz), was utilized to produce amorphous powders with desirable dissolution properties for high bioavailability in rats. Antisolvent precipitation (AP) was utilized to form Itz nanodispersions with high drug loadings stabilized with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) or the pH-sensitive Eudragit^® L100-55 (EL10055). The HPMC dispersions were flocculated by desolvating the polymer through the addition of a divalent salt, and the enteric EL10055 by reducing the pH. The formation of open flocs by diffusion limited aggregation facilitated redispersion of the flocs at pH 6.8. Upon redispersion of the flocculated nanoparticles at pH 6.8, the particle size was modestly larger than the original size, on the order of 1 μm. High in vitro supersaturation (AUC) of the flocculated nanoparticle dispersions was observed in micellar media at pH 6.8, after 2 hours initial exposure at pH 1.2 to simulate the stomach, relative to the AUC for a commercially available Itz formulation, Sporanox. Greater in vivo bioavailability in rats was correlated directly to the higher in vitro AUC at pH 6.8 with micelles during the pH shift experiment for the flocculated nanoparticle dispersions relative to Sporanox. The ability to generate and sustain high supersaturation in micellar media at pH 6.8, as shown with the in vitro pH shift dissolution test, is beneficial for increasing bioavailability of Itz by oral delivery.     

液相化学还原法制备纳米银焊膏及其连接性

采用液相化学还原法制备出平均粒径为20~35nm的纳米银,并考察不同温度及PVP用量对纳米银性质的影响。结果表明:当硝酸银与PVP的质量比为1∶4、反应温度为30℃时,纳米银的平均粒径最小,为22.4nm,且其团聚程度最小,粒径分布最佳。在压力10MPa、温度200℃、保温30min的烧结条件下,利用制得的纳米银配制焊膏,连接纯度为99.9%的无氧紫铜板,通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察烧结接头截面形貌,可见烧结界面连接紧密,接头组织有孔隙存在。     

硫醇保护的银簇制备及其荧光检测应用的进展EI北大核心CSCD

贵金属纳米簇具有独特的电子结构和荧光特性,可以作为荧光探针,广泛应用于生物标记、离子检测等领域。本文综述了硫醇保护的银簇的制备方法,包括自下而上法和自上而下法,重点从优化反应的还原动力过程,选择优良的硫醇配体,改变体系的pH值,严格控制反应过程中的刻蚀时间和反应温度等方面,介绍了关于硫醇保护的银簇制备的研究现状,对进一步研究提供了思路。同时,基于硫醇保护的银簇优异的荧光性质,介绍了在检测Cu^2+,Hg^2+,I^-等离子以及半胱氨酸等小分子方面的研究进展。最后指出,提高金属纳米簇的荧光量子产率和安全性,深入研究金属纳米簇与重金属离子、生物大分子的反应机理,探究高纯度、多样性的合金簇或过渡金属纳米簇的合成方法,实现高效率的基于硫醇保护的银簇荧光传感材料的制备是未来研究中的热门方向。     

纳米银的合成及其抗菌应用研究进展

病原微生物严重威胁着人类的健康安全,纳米银作为一种新型抗菌材料,其制备与应用已成为纳米材料领域的研究热点。本文综述了纳米银的主要合成方法,包括多糖法、Tollens试剂法、辐射法、生物法和多金属氧酸盐法等,具有原料广泛、反应温和、成本低廉和环境友好等优点。基于纳米银的优异抗菌性能,总结了纳米银的抗菌机理及其抗菌应用,并展望了纳米银在抗菌涂料、抗菌包装等领域的发展前景。     

含纳米银的明胶/壳聚糖纳米纤维的制备及其抗菌性能研究

以浓度为88%的甲酸溶液作为纺丝溶剂,采用静电纺丝和紫外光照射还原的方法制备了含纳米银颗粒的明胶/壳聚糖纳米纤维。研究发现,壳聚糖的加入量低于明胶质量的3/16时可以得到纳米纤维,纤维平均直径随着硝酸银加入量的增大而减小,纤维表面纳米银的平均直径随着硝酸银加入量的增大而增大,在纺丝体系中硝酸银的加入量存在一个极限值。所制得含纳米银的明胶/壳聚糖纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌具有较好的抑菌性能,纺丝时加入1%硝酸银制得纳米纤维膜的抑菌率达到99%以上,这种抗菌型纳米纤维可以应用于医用敷料等领域。     

球形纳米银粒子制备新方法及其表征

采用水热法,不添加任何还原剂,在表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinyl pyrrolidone,PVP)的保护下,热分解碳酸银制得纳米银溶胶.将纳米银溶胶经过后续离心分离,干燥后得到纳米银粉.通过改变反应温度、反应时间、表面活性剂浓度、种类及反应物浓度等反应条件,分析了各反应条件对纳米银粒子形貌的影响.利用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)和电子能谱仪(energy dispersivespectroscopy,EDS)分析表明,在反应温度为180℃、反应时间为5 h、AgNO3浓度为0.1 mol/L、NaHCO3浓度为0.05mol/L、PVP为1.7 g的最佳制备工艺条件下,纳米银粒子为球形,粒径分布范围窄,单一分散,粒径40 nm左右.结果表明,表面分散剂PVP以及AgNO3与NaHCO3的浓度对球形纳米银的合成具有关键作用.