含误差螺旋锥齿轮齿面方程建立与分析

根据七轴五联动螺旋锥齿轮磨床结构,应用多体系统理论、齿轮啮合理论建立了含几何误差、热误差的螺旋锥齿轮齿面方程,并分析了砂轮主轴分别沿X、Y轴平移时和绕C轴旋转时对螺旋锥齿轮齿面误差的影响.结果表明,砂轮主轴沿X轴运动对齿面误差影响较大.本文研究对提高螺旋锥齿轮的加工精度和误差补偿提供了理论依据.     

基于敏感度分析的机床关键性几何误差源识别方法

零部件几何误差耦合而成的机床空间误差是影响其加工精度的主要原因,如何确定各零部件几何误差对加工精度的影响程度从而经济合理地分配机床零部件的几何精度是目前机床设计所面临的一个难题。基于多体系统理论,在敏感度分析的基础上提出一种识别关键性几何误差源参数的新方法。以一台四轴精密卧式加工中心为例,基于多体系统理论构建加工中心的精度模型,并利用矩阵微分法建立四轴数控机床误差敏感度分析的数学模型,通过计算与分析误差敏感度系数,最终识别出影响机床加工精度的关键性几何误差。计算和试验分析表明,该方法可以有效地识别出对机床综合空间误差影响较大的主要零部件几何误差因素,从而为合理经济地提高机床的精度提供重要的理论依据。     

基于多体系统理论的螺旋锥齿轮误差齿面建立与分析

根据六轴五联动螺旋锥齿轮磨床结构,应用多体系统理论、齿轮啮合理论建立了含几何误差、热误差的螺旋锥齿轮误差齿面模型,并仿真了砂轮主轴分别沿X、Y轴平移和绕C轴旋转时,螺旋锥齿轮理论与误差齿面.仿真结果表明,砂轮主轴绕C轴旋转对齿面误差影响较大.文章研究对提高螺旋锥齿轮的加工精度和误差补偿提供了理论依据.     

螺旋锥齿轮误差齿面及差曲面的建立与分析

针对六轴五联动螺旋锥齿轮磨床结构,应用多体系统理论、齿轮啮合理论,建立了含几何误差、热误差的螺旋锥齿轮误差齿面与差曲面模型并进行了实验验证,仿真分析了砂轮分别沿X轴、Y轴平移时和绕C轴旋转时,螺旋锥齿轮理论齿面与误差齿面以及它们的差曲面.结果表明,砂轮绕C轴旋转所产生的运动副误差对齿面误差影响较大.研究结果对提高螺旋锥齿轮的加工精度和进行误差补偿提供了理论依据.     

三轴义齿雕铣机空间误差解耦与补偿研究

针对三轴义齿雕铣机在加工过程中存在空间误差较大、加工精度较低等缺点,提出了一种对空间误差实施解析与补偿的新方法。首先分析机床拓扑结构,利用多体系统理论确定机床低序体阵列和运动学约束链,建立空间误差模型。然后对三轴雕铣机的各项几何误差进行测量并求解其空间误差值,分别计算各项几何误差相对于机床空间误差的相关性系数,以辨识对空间精度影响较大的重要几何误差分量。最后利用线性回归模型建立空间误差与位置的隐射函数,以便建立空间误差补偿模型。以z轴为例,对所建立的误差补偿模型进行实验验证。结果表明通过补偿后z轴空间误差从1. 26 mm降低到0. 735 mm,降幅为41. 7%,义齿加工精度得到了有效的提高,可见该方法有一定的实用价值。     

机床调整误差对弧齿锥齿轮大轮齿面形状影响规律的研究

根据弧齿锥齿轮大轮齿面的数学模型分析了机床调整误差对弧齿锥齿轮齿面形状影响的规律,找到了齿面上受机床调整参数误差影响较大的点（简称齿面误差敏感点）和机床调整参数中对齿面形状影响较大的参数（简称误差敏感调整参数）,对补偿机床调整误差具有理论和实践价值.     

螺旋锥齿轮误差齿面及差曲面的建立与分析

针对六轴五联动螺旋锥齿轮磨床结构,应用多体系统理论、齿轮啮合理论,建立了含几何误差、热误差的螺旋锥齿轮误差齿面与差曲面模型并进行了实验验证,仿真分析了砂轮分别沿X轴、Y轴平移时和绕C轴旋转时,螺旋锥齿轮理论齿面与误差齿面以及它们的差曲面。结果表明,砂轮绕C轴旋转所产生的运动副误差对齿面误差影响较大。研究结果对提高螺旋锥齿轮的加工精度和进行误差补偿提供了理论依据。        

机床空间误差测量及补偿技术

正1三轴数控机床空间误差分析如图1所示,机床直线轴运动时有六个自由度,由于制造和安装存在误差,当直线轴沿导轨移动时,每个自由度都存在微小误差,导致三轴机床的三个直线轴运动共有18项误差,且三轴之间还存在三项误差关系,即垂直度误差,因此,一台三轴机床实际     

机床调整参数误差对螺旋锥齿轮齿面形状误差影响的研究

通过齿面点离散的方法,评判机床调整参数误差对螺旋锥齿轮齿面误差的影响程度,进一步分析齿面形状变化趋势,指出了由于齿面误差引起啮合区位置偏移,从而导致的不良啮合状态,为机床误差补偿及提高螺旋锥齿轮的制造精度提供了依据.     

CNC机床运动误差对弧齿锥齿轮齿面接触质量的影响研究

为研究CNC机床各轴运动误差对螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触分析的影响,以多体系统误差建模理论和齿轮啮合原理为基础,引入机床各轴运动误差到螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触分析中,得到机床各轴运动误差对螺旋锥齿轮的齿面加工质量影响的定量分析方法。以SGM法加工的弧齿锥齿轮为例,给出ETCA(error tooth contact analysis)的计算过程,对ETCA和齿面接触分析的结果进行了对比分析,从数量上阐述了误差对齿面接触质量的影响。分析结果表明,机床各轴运动误差对螺旋锥齿轮的齿面接触质量有一定的影响,机床运动轴的运动误差中y轴、x轴的误差对齿面接触质量的影响最大。研究工作为机床各轴运动误差补偿及高精度齿轮制造提供了理论依据。     

并联轴直线运动直线度的检测与误差补偿

通过采用Renishaw激光干涉仪检测混联机床并联轴直线运动的直线度误差,对直线度的干涉测量原理和方法进行深入探讨,提出一种并联轴直线运动直线度的干涉测量方法和误差补偿模型的建模方法。分析干涉仪直线度评定方法和算法,做出并联轴直线运动直线度双向平均偏差特性曲线,建立直线度误差数学模型。利用最小二乘法拟合得到直线度均值误差补偿模型。对并联轴直线运动直线度进行补偿,达到了提高混联机床几何精度的目的。     

数控机床几何精度综合解析与试验研究

以对机床精度影响较大的几何误差为对象,通过理论与试验相结合,对其进行较深入的研究。基于多体系统理论,综合考虑各轴定位误差、直线度误差以及角度误差等几何误差元的耦合作用,提出一种机床综合误差建模方法,并在机床坐标系下建立三轴数控机床综合误差模型。通过利用激光干涉仪的大量试验得出定位误差、直线度误差以及角度误差曲线,分析证实定位误差相对于直线度误差和角度误差影响更为显著。以此为基础,进一步研究工作空间综合误差在各轴各误差元耦合作用下的分布和演变规律,发现综合误差在某轴向的分量与该轴的定位误差非常接近,给出定位误差是影响综合误差的决定性因素的结论。机床几何精度的分析对于机床精度补偿方法的选取与运用具有理论和实际意义。     

评定空间直线度误差的3DLSA算法研究

为了有效地评定空间直线度误差,并得出正确度较高的误差值,运用几何学、误差理论和最优化原理,参照相关国家标准,提出了评定空间直线度误差的三维最小二乘算法(3DLSA),推导了3DLSA算法的数学模型,实现了空间直线的三维拟合。按该算法编制程序进行了数字实验。实验结果表明,3DLSA算法是一种有效的算法,在空间直线度误差评定中,比两端点连线算法、LSM算法及其他多种算法具有更好的鲁棒性和更高的正确度。     

三坐标测量机基本运动误差的相关性分析

针对三坐标测量机几何误差软件补偿中采用线性插值法推算 18项基本运动误差存在的问题 ,从理论上分析论证了运动构件沿各坐标轴运动时基本运动误差中的直线度误差与转角误差的内在关系 ,对基本运动误差的神经网络建模提供了理论依据。     

A Cutter Orientation Modification Method for the Reduction of Non-linearity Errors in Five-Axis CNC Machining

In the machining of sculptured surfaces, five-axis CNC machine tools provide more flexibility to realize the cutter position as its axis orientation spatially changes. Conventional five-axis machining uses straight line segments to connect consecutive machining data points, and uses linear interpolation to generate command signals for positions between end points. Due to five-axis simultaneous and coupled rotary and linear movements, the actual machining motion trajectory is a non-linear path. The non-linear curve segments deviate from the linearly interpolated straight line segments, resulting in a non-linearity machining error in each machining step. These non-linearity errors, in addition to the linearity error, commonly create obstacles to the assurance of high machining precision. In this paper, a novel methodology for solving the non-linearity errors problem in five-axis CNC machining is presented. The proposed method is based on the machine type-specific kinematics and the machining motion trajectory. Non-linearity errors are reduced by modifying the cutter orientations without inserting additional machining data points. An off-line processing of a set of tool path data for machining a sculptured surface illustrates that the proposed method increases machining precision.     

三坐标测量机基本运动误差的相关性及建模

针对现有几何误差软件补偿过程中采用线性插值法推算模型中的18项基本运动误差存在的问题,从理论上分析了构件沿各坐标轴运动18项基本误差的直线度误差与转角误差的内在关系,提出用4层前向神经网络建立三坐标测量机18项基本运动误差模型。并以国产SZC-654型三坐标测量机为例进行基本运动误差神经网络建模研究,提高了误差补偿精度。     

Axis geometrical errors analysis through a performance test to evaluate kinematic error in a five axis tilting-rotary table machine tool

Geometrical work piece errors in milling process are commonly generated by different error sources. Axis geometrical errors, such as the straightness error for linear axis and the offset location error of the origin of rotary axis, introduce kinematic error in the tool path. Direct measurement of kinematic error requires special devices such as laser interferometers, grid plate encoders or double ball bars, which impose production stop and specialized staff. These problems could be analyzed using indirect measurements obtained by means of a cutting performance test that is already a standard for three axis machine tools. Because of the different architectures of five-axis milling machines these tests are hardly standardizable, therefore this paper proposes a devised easy-to-use and time efficient cutting performance test to identify and quantify axis geometrical errors for a five axis tilting-rotary table machine tool. This test can be performed as a periodical checkup or, in case of production, as a re-start test. The main goal of this study is to develop a kinematic analytical model capable of correlating the work-piece geometrical errors to the axis geometrical errors of the machine tool. The model has been implemented on a multi-body software in order to simulate the axes motion sequence of the performance test and validated to decouple the kinematic error into the geometrical axis errors. The developed models have demonstrated to be capable of correcting a generic five axis tool path by predicting the tool-path error displacement. The overall validation of this approach has been carried out by comparing the simulated and experimentally measured profile of the NAS 979 standard five axis contouring cone frustum profile.     

Machine tool calibration: Geometric test uncertainty depends on machine tool performance

In order to show a sufficient geometric performance, every machine tool has to be calibrated geometrically before it may come into operation. The geometric machine errors have to be identified. They can afterwards be compensated either mechanically or numerically in the machine control.Machine tools are usually calibrated geometrically by performing a sequence of different measurements to identify single errors such as squareness errors between linear axes, straightness errors, positioning errors etc.The uncertainty of such measurements is of course affected by the uncertainty of the measuring device under the given environmental conditions. Methods to describe such influences are widely known and applied.Other effects having an impact on the error parameters to be determined (e.g. squareness errors) are dependent on the performance of the machine tool under test. Neglected geometric errors, hysteresis and thermal drift affect the measurement result. Such effects may be much more important contributors to the overall test uncertainty than the measurement uncertainty of the measuring device.In this paper the problem of error interdependencies leading to a worse test uncertainty is explained. The occurrence of such effects is shown with exemplary measuring results. A method for estimating the overall test uncertainty even for complex measurements is introduced. The dependence of the test uncertainty on the geometric machine performance is explained.     

Research on the Error Averaging Effect in A Rolling Guide Pair

By studying the e ects of geometric precision on kinematic accuracy, an error mapping model has been established, based on the hypothesis that a motion pair and its installation surface are rigid. However, when using this assumption,there is a significant error induced in high-precision computer numerical control(CNC) machine tools as compared with reality. One of the most important reasons for this error is failing to consider the error averaging e ect of motion pair elements. Therefore, this work examines a high-precision horizontal machining center as its research object, and analyzes the error averaging mechanism of a rolling guide pair under a deformation of the rolling elements. The carriage bearing forces caused by guideway straightness errors are obtained by constructing a geometric error model of a single carriage. The relationship between guideway straightness errors and carriage bearing forces is described by a transfer function in the spatial frequency domain, and its characteristics are analyzed. It quantifies the so-called error averaging e ect of the rolling guide system and, on this basis, a static model for four carriages is established to reflect the error averaging e ect of the rolling guide pair on the position and orientation errors of the motion pair. In addition, it is found that the wavelengths and phase di erences of guideway errors a ect this error averaging mechanism, but the amplitude and preload have little influence thereon. The experiment result shows that the kinematic straightness errors in the x-and y-directions were approximately 1/3 to 1/2 of the guideway straightness errors in the corresponding directions. The results can be used to guide the precision design and assembly of machine tools.     

数控机床位置误差建模与补偿

基于空间机构的分析与综合,利用机器人运动学中的齐次变换,提出了数控机床几何误差的一般模型,并针对一台立式加工中心,验证了模型的正确性。所提出的模型和结论,可推广应用于多轴数控机床的误差建模与补偿。