热震对结构钢锈层裂纹的影响

通过周浸加速腐蚀试验在结构钢表面形成了锈层,用压痕法测定了锈层的断裂韧性,在锈层及锈层/钢基体界面预制压痕裂纹,观测压痕裂纹在温度变化过程中的扩展行为,从而评价了锈层的抗热震性能.结果表明,锈层/钢基体界面的断裂韧性和抗热震能力均优于锈层本身,裂纹更倾向于在锈层中形核和扩展.温度变化可导致锈层中原有裂纹的扩展,但不会使裂纹在锈层中形核.     

Q235钢在西沙大气环境中的初期腐蚀行为

在西沙群岛典型的高温、高湿和高盐分大气环境下对Q235钢进行了 1个月短期暴晒实验,利用扫描电镜、电子探针、激光拉曼和X射线衍射仪等观察分析了暴晒后样品的表面形貌、腐蚀产物成分和锈层元素分布。结果表明：Q235钢形成的锈层疏松多孔,多裂纹,对基体没有保护作用。由于Cl^-的侵蚀作用,锈层和基体之间发生氧化还原反应,加速了基体的腐蚀。碳钢在西沙暴晒1个月后外表层的腐蚀产物主要有：Fe₈(O,OH)₁₆Cl_1.3,Υ-FeOOH, β-FeOOH及少量α-FeOOH等,锈层内部不同位置的产物基本相同,主要为Fe₃O₄,Υ-Fe₂O₃以及少量的Υ-FeOOH、β-FeOOH等。     

桥梁耐候钢在含Cl~-离子环境中的腐蚀行为

选择3种Ni含量为3.5%的桥梁钢,采用干湿周浸加速腐蚀实验模拟海洋大气环境下桥梁钢的耐腐蚀性能变化,并利用金相显微镜、XRD和SEM等分析了不同Mn和Cu含量桥梁耐候钢组织以及其腐蚀不同时间的腐蚀形貌和锈层特征.结果表明:桥梁耐候钢的组织由准多边形铁素体、针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体组成;随着Mn含量的增加,钢的耐蚀性能增加;Ni和Mn在锈层中均匀分布,Cu在锈层的缝隙或孔洞等缺陷处富集.锈层主要由Fe_3O_4,γFeOOH和α-FeOOH组成,腐蚀不同时间后的试样锈层组成相有所不同;γ-FeOOH和α-FeOOH与钢的腐蚀速率密切相关;增加Mn含量可以促进γ-FeOOH和α-FeOOH的生成,同时抑制γFeOOH和αFeOOH的晶粒长大.     

耐候钢表面稳定锈层形成机理的研究

研究了耐候钢在青岛近海大气中曝晒3a的腐蚀行为, 观察测定了锈层与基体的界面形貌、相组成及锈层中合金元素的分布.结果表明,腐蚀3a的 耐候钢表面锈层有明显的分层现象;内锈层组织致密,主要有各向同性的α-FeOOH构成,在 偏光下检测消光;外锈层有γ—FeOOH和Fe2O3构成,在偏光下检测炫光;在内锈层中有 合金元素的富集.     

高镍钢和传统耐候钢在马尔代夫严酷海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为研究

通过室外暴晒实验,对比研究了高镍钢和耐候钢在马尔代夫严酷海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为。利用扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜和X射线衍射技术等分析了两种材料的表面腐蚀产物相组成和基体腐蚀形貌,并结合电化学阻抗谱测试对比了两种钢材腐蚀产物膜的耐蚀性能。结果表明,在严酷海洋大气环境中,传统耐候钢和高镍钢表面均出现较为致密的锈层,且锈层主要由Fe_3O_4,α-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH和β-FeOOH结晶相组成。然而,由于添加了Ni,高镍钢表面锈层更加致密,对Cl-抵抗作用更强,且锈层保护性指数α/γ更高,因此能够对基体提供更好的防护效果。电化学阻抗谱测量结果也表明,高镍钢表面腐蚀产物膜电阻值更大,具有更好的保护作用,从而降低了高镍钢在严酷海洋大气环境中的腐蚀速率。     

模拟流动海水腐蚀环境下含Cr钢与C钢的锈层研究

采用人工海水对含有相同基本成分的C钢和添加了0.95％Cr元素的Cr钢进行120h的流动冲刷腐蚀试验.利用SEM和XRD等方法研究了Cr元素对普碳钢锈层的形貌、物相构成及相对含量的影响.结果表明,经冲刷腐蚀以后,含Cr钢的腐蚀质量损失小于C钢的.对两种钢的锈层分析表明,两种实验钢的锈层均出现分层现象,普碳钢外锈层疏松多孔,而含Cr钢的外锈层呈块状,致密性明显优于碳钢,内锈层亦是如此.两种钢的外锈层均由Fe3O4、α-FeOOH和γ-FeOOH等物相构成;C钢的内锈层由Fe3O4构成,Cr元素在含Cr钢锈层中的富集没有改变外锈层的物相类型,但内锈层则由Fe3O4转变为β-FeOOH.     

Q500qENH特厚桥梁钢板及其焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能

采用周期浸泡腐蚀试验技术,结合电子探针以及XRD物相分析等手段,研究了桥梁钢Q500qENH及其焊缝和普通Q345B钢在模拟工业大气环境中(0.01 mol/L NaHSO3水溶液)的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,桥梁钢内外锈层分明,锈层较致密,且在内锈层中检测到Cr有明显富集,其年腐蚀速率也相对较低。Q345B钢的锈层疏松,内外锈层没有明显分界。桥梁钢锈层都是由α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH和Fe3O4组成的。桥梁钢中物相α-FeOOH含量较多,Cr分布于内锈层的裂纹处,使内锈层更加致密。     

Q235钢海洋大气腐蚀暴露试验研究

采用Q235钢在海南万宁距海岸95m、25m和海洋平台3个暴露点进行了半年大气腐蚀暴露试验,同时持续监测各暴露点空气中的氯离子含量.利用视频显微镜观测样品锈层的腐蚀形貌,采用比浊法测定腐蚀产物中氯离子含量,使用FTIR光谱仪分析锈层的物相组成.结果表明,样品的朝阳面和背阳面腐蚀形貌存在较大差异,各暴露点样品腐蚀深度与各点空气中及锈层中的氯离子含量密切相关,腐蚀产物的主相为γ-FeOOH和Fe3O4,次相为α-FeOOH和δ-FeOOH.     

船板钢耐海洋大气腐蚀性能研究

采用周浸加速腐蚀试验技术,结合电子探针以及XRD物相定量分析等手段对比研究了船板钢F690、F460和普通Q235B C-Mn钢在模拟海洋大气环境中(3.5wt%NaCl水溶液)的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,F690钢形成的锈层表面平整,除锈后未发现明显的点蚀坑存在,内外锈层分明,锈层较致密,且在内锈层中检测到Cr和Mo的明显富集,其年腐蚀速率也相对较低。F460钢锈层中也观测到少量的Cr元素的富集。Q235B的锈层疏松,内外锈层没有明显分界。船板钢锈层都是由α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH和Fe3O4组成的。F690钢中物相α-CrxFe1-xOOH含量较多,Mo分布于内锈层的裂纹处,使内锈层更加致密。     

高温高Cl-环境中含Ni、Cr耐蚀钢的腐蚀行为

冶炼了含Ni和Ni-Cr复合钢,采用室外暴晒试验结合锈层成分分析,腐蚀速率计算等研究了其在热带海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：普碳钢、含Ni钢、和含Ni-Cr复合钢在试验环境中的腐蚀速率分别为66.84,41.54,38.29μm/a。合金元素Ni、Cr明显提高钢的耐蚀性。试样表面锈层主要由γ-FeOOH、α-FeOOH组成,还包含较小的Fe₃O₄颗粒和FeO片层。普通碳钢的锈层比另外两种试样厚,锈层中α-FeOOH含量更高、更稳定,而加Ni、Ni-Cr的试样经过半年试验后,表面未生成稳定锈层。经过半年室外暴晒试验,Ni元素在锈层中含量较少,但是在锈层下钢材内有富集现象。点蚀坑中存在Cr、Cu元素富集。     

海水飞溅区Ni-Cu-P钢的锈层和耐点蚀性能研究

在海水飞溅区对实验室冶炼的Ni-Cu-P钢、含Cu低合金钢和碳钢进行660 d的挂片实验,评价Ni-Cu-P钢的耐蚀性能;采用Fourier变换红外(FTIR)光谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、电子探针(EPMA)、SEM和EDAX等技术,分析3种钢表面的锈层特征.结果表明,Ni-Cu-P钢表现出比...     

In-depth distribution of rusts on a plain carbon steel and weathering steels exposed to coastal-industrial atmosphere for 17 years

In-depth distribution of rusts on two weathering steels and a plain carbon steel exposed to atmosphere for 17 years under a bridge at a coastal + industrial region in Japan were studied. In the rust layer on all specimens, α-FeOOH, β-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, Fe₃O₄ and so-called amorphous rust were found. Within rust layers, there were thick parts and thin parts, which were finely and complicatedly distributed on steels. Among these rust species, α-FeOOH was dominant on all specimens. α-FeOOH appeared almost homogeneously through the rust layer. Its concentration was higher on weathering steels than on plain carbon steel. β-FeOOH was found mainly at thick parts and was scarce at thin parts of rust layers. Concentration of α-FeOOH was higher and that of γ-FeOOH was lower on weathering steels than on plain carbon steel. Amorphous rust was located at the bottom of the rust layer irrespective of steel types. Concentration of magnetite was negatively correlated with concentration of β-FeOOH.     

Cu、Mn的协同作用对低合金钢在模拟海洋大气环境中腐蚀的影响

    用增重法、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、电子探针和X射线光电子能谱等手段研究了在模拟海洋大气干湿交替环境下16Mn钢和Cu-Mn耐候钢的腐蚀行为及Cu、Mn共添加对低合金钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明：Cu-Mn耐候钢的腐蚀速率低于16Mn钢,其锈层更致密;两种钢的铁锈均由Fe₃O₄,α-FeOOH,β-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH和大量无定形相组成;添加Cu使Fe₃O₄含量增加,添加Mn使γ-FeOOH含量减少;Cu在Cu-Mn耐候钢锈层中以CuFeO₂存在;Mn在两种钢锈蚀初期以MnO存在,后期为Mn₃O₄.Cu、Mn的协同作用使Cu-Mn耐候钢抗大气腐蚀性能优于16Mn钢.     

Corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of low-alloy steels under atmospheric conditions

The corrosion resistance and mechanical strength of four newly developed low-alloy steels (LAS) were compared with a carbon steel (SS400) and a weathering steel (Acr-Ten A) using a laboratory-accelerated test that involved cyclic wet/dry conditions in a chloride environment (5 wt.% NaCl). The new LAS were designated 1605A, 1605B, 1604A, and 1604B. After 72 cycles of cyclic corrosion tests, the susceptibility of the steels to corrosion could be listed in the following order based on their weight loss (from high to low): SS400 > Acr-Ten A > 1604B ? 1604A > 1605B ? 1605A. The change in mechanical properties by corrosion was the least for SS400, Acr-Ten A was second, and effects of corrosion on the mechanical properties of the other four low-alloy steels were similar. Finally, the characteristics of the rust layers on each LAS sample were observed by SEM, and analyzed by FTIR and EPMA. The results indicated that most of the rust layers on the test steels were composed of a loose outer rust layer and a dense inner rust layer. The outer rust layer of each steel was composed of α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, magnetite (Fe₃O₄), H₂O, and amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide (FeO_x(OH)_3−2x, x=0-1), while the inner rust layer was composed mainly of Fe₃O₄ with a little α-FeOOH. In addition, it was apparent that the copper and chromium alloying additions were enriched, respectively, at the rust-layer/substrate interface and in the rust layers. Finally, combining the results of the accelerated tests and the rust layer analysis showed that low-alloy steels, such as 1605A and 1605B, have better weathering steel properties than Acr-Ten A for use in the humid and salty weather.     

Characterization of the rust formed on weathering steel exposed to Qinghai salt lake atmosphere

The product formed on weathering steel exposed to salt lake atmosphere for 12 months was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared transmission spectroscopy (IRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) and electrochemical techniques. The rust was mainly composed of β-FeOOH, Fe₈(O,OH)₁₆Cl_1.3 and a little γ-FeOOH. Amorphous δ-FeOOH was only on skyward surface. The rust layer suppressed anodic reaction and facilitated the cathodic reaction. The very small value of rust resistance R_r in this work indicated that the rust had poor protective ability. Cl element was rich in the whole rust layer and played an important role in accelerating the corrosion of weathering steel in salt lake atmosphere.     

A study of the evolution of rust on Mo–Cu-bearing fire-resistant steel submitted to simulated atmospheric corrosion

The corrosion evolution of a Mo–Cu-bearing fire-resistant steel in a simulated industrial atmosphere was investigated by corrosion weight gain, XRD, EPMA, XPS, and polarization curves. The results indicate that the corrosion kinetics is closely related to the rust composition and electrochemical properties. As the corrosion proceeds, the relative content of γ-FeOOH and Fe₃O₄ decreases and α-FeOOH increases, and the rust layer becomes compact and adherent to steel substrate. Molybdenum and copper enrich in the inner rust layer, especially at the bottom of the corrosion nest, forming non-soluble molybdate and Cu(I)-bearing compounds responsible for enhanced corrosion resistance of the rust layer.     

低碳钢在海水中的阴极电化学行为

采用电化学技术结合XRD分析, 研究了A3碳钢在海水中的阴极电化学行为, 探讨了锈层在阴极过程中的作用. 碳钢表面生成的锈层由内锈层和外锈层组成, 内锈层主要组成相为γ-FeOOH, α-FeOOH, β-FeOOH以及Fe₃O₄与γ-Fe₂O₃的混合物. 浸泡126 d时, 外锈层主要由γ-FeOOH组成; 浸泡364 d由γ-FeOOH, α-FeOOH, Fe₃O₄和 γ-Fe₂O₃组成. 不同锈层在阴极过程中所起的作用不同. 外锈层主要作用是阻碍溶解氧到达金属表面, 内锈层除此之外还可以参与还原反应, 加速阴极反应. 提出了一个评价锈层参与还原反应程度的参数α, 在浸泡不同时期锈层参与还原反应的比例不同, 浸泡前7 d, α值上升比较明显, 随后增加比较缓慢, 浸泡168 d后基本稳定. 探讨了内、外锈层组分的变化以及锈层各组分间的相互作用.     

The corrosion resistance of ultra-low carbon bainitic steel

The corrosion resistance of ultra-low carbon bainitic (ULCB) steel was compared with a weathering steel 09CuPCrNi through accelerated corrosion tests. The results indicated that the corrosion resistance was almost the same for ULCB and 09CuPCrNi based on the weight loss. It can be seen that the grain refinement did not deteriorate corrosion resistance property. The homogeneous microstructure, lower carbon content and random distributing ∑3 boundary could effectively increase the corrosion resistance of the ULCB steel. The characteristics of the rust layers indicated that the inner rust layer contained nanocrystalline Fe_3−xO₄ particles, while copper and chromium alloying additions were enriched at the rust layer and substrate interface in ULCB steel. These factors played important roles in forming a compact protective rust layer.     

Corrosion behavior of steel under wet and dry cycles containing Cr ion

The corrosion behavior of mild steel has been investigated during the wet and dry cyclic transitions containing Cr³⁺ ion added as sulfate in order to gain a better understanding of the influence of Cr on the atmospheric corrosion of steels. The corrosion rate during drying is greatly suppressed by the existence of Cr³⁺ ion in the electrolyte covered with the surface. Lower corrosion rates are observed during drying even if the surface have been polarized to negative potentials below −200 mV_SHE during the wet corrosion conditions in which the surface-covered electrolyte contains Cr³⁺ ion. This corrosion behavior is identical to the case of Cr-containing steel for the wet and dry cyclic transitions without the addition of Cr³⁺ ion. The composition of rust layer after the wet and dry cyclic transitions is composed of α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH and Fe_3−δO₄ for both cases of non-Cr³⁺ and Cr³⁺-containing condition, and no significant difference in the mass fraction of the above rust substances between two conditions is observed by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy. The only difference in the rust layer is that the rust formed under the wet and dry cyclic transitions containing Cr³⁺ ion contains a certain amount of Cr near the steel/rust interface. Those results suggest that the role of Cr during the wet and dry cyclic transitions is the inhibition of the rust reduction and the formation of Fe²⁺-state intermediate by the existence of Cr in the rust layer. This can lead to the inhibition of the oxygen reduction during drying.