连续CF增强PEEK复合材料层压板的制备工艺

采用熔融浸渍法制备了连续碳纤维(CF)增强聚醚醚酮(PEEK)复合材料预浸带,并层压成型制备复合材料层压板。研究了成型温度、成型压力、成型时间、纤维含量等因素对复合材料层压板力学性能的影响。结果表明,在成型温度为370℃、成型压力为12 MPa、成型时间为70 min、纤维含量为61%的工艺条件下,连续CF增强PEEK复合材料层压板的力学性能达到最优值,弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量分别达到(1 750.76±49.13)MPa和(107.54±6.35)GPa,层间剪切强度达到(100.04±6.88)MPa,缺口冲击强度为(84.44±1.54)k J/m2。随着冷却速率的增大,复合材料层压板的弯曲性能和层间剪切强度下降,而缺口冲击强度提高。SEM分析表明,复合材料层压板的界面粘结良好。     

叠层热压聚丙烯自增强板材的制备及工艺参数优化

采用拉伸取向和叠层热压成型技术制备叠层热压聚丙烯自增强板材，使用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)等方法研究了热压温度、热压压力和热压时间等工艺参数对聚丙烯自增强板材拉伸性能和熔融-结晶行为的影响。结果表明，热压加工过程中取向聚丙烯的分子链发生了解取向，且解取向程度随热压温度和时间的升高而增加。聚丙烯自增强板材各层之间有良好的界面粘接性，且层间剥离强度随热压温度、时间和压力的升高而增加。聚丙烯自增强板材力学性能受热压温度、热压压力和热压时间共同影响。当热压温度为155℃,压力为5 MPa,热压时间为10 min时，聚丙烯自增强板材的力学性能达到最大值，其拉伸强度为(205.3±4.1)MPa。     

竹纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备及其性能研究

以适当脱胶处理后的竹原纤维与聚丙烯纤维为原料，采用非织造工程的加工方法制作了混合纤维预制件，通过热压成型工艺制备了竹原纤维增强聚丙烯热塑性树脂复合材料。对复合材料的基本力学性能进行了测试与评价，探讨了预制件制作工艺、竹原纤维比例及热压成型工艺对复合材料力学性能的影响。利用扫描电镜（SEM）研究了复合材料拉伸断口的形貌。结果表明：竹原纤维与聚丙烯纤维的质量配比为50／50，模压温度、时间及压力分别为190℃，30min及30MPa时，制得的复合材料力学性能最好，其纵、横向拉伸强度分别为96．6MPa和82．3MPa；纵、横向弯曲强度分别为400．7MPa和367．3MPa。     

PPS/GF混纤纱复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

制备了混纤纱结构的聚苯硫醚（PPS）/玻璃纤维（GF）织物,通过模压成型制备复合材料层压板。研究了质量含量为20 % PPS和80 % GF的复合材料的成型温度、成型时间等因素对复合材料层压板力学性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜对不同工艺条件下复合材料的微观形貌进行了观察, 研究了工艺条件对空隙的影响规律。结果表明,在成型温度为320 ℃、成型压力为2.0 MPa,成型时间为10 min时,连续PPS/GF复合材料层压板的力学性能达到最优值,其拉伸和弯曲强度分别为（502.9±2.9）、(530.1±5.6) MPa。     

竹原纤维增强复合材料的研究

竹原纤维与低熔点聚酯纤维及聚丙烯纤维的混合纤维集合体加工成非织造物,再经热压成型后,制成竹原纤维增强聚酯、聚丙烯热塑性树脂复合材料板材,并与竹原/亚麻纤维增强聚酯、聚丙烯热塑性树脂复合材料进行性能对比,进一步探讨这种复合材料板材的最佳制作工艺。鉴于这种材料可以被用于汽车和建筑等领域,通过对材料力学性能测试结果的模糊综合评判,选出性能最优的复合材料为竹原纤维/LMPET(40/60),在模压温度、时间、压力分别为165℃,30min和30MPa的条件下,所压制复合材料的纵向拉伸强度为136MPa,横向为87·58MPa;纵向弯曲强度为534MPa,横向为470MPa。     

PLA/Lyocell纤维复合材料结构与性能研究

以聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,新型纤维素纤维Lyocell纤维为增强材料,通过熔融共混及注塑成型制备了PLA/Lyocell纤维可生物降解复合材料,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能测试、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和维卡软化温度测试等手段,探讨了Lyocell纤维含量对复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明:随着Lyocell纤维含量的增加,PLA/Lyocell纤维复合材料的结晶度、弯曲模量和维卡软化温度均随之提高,而拉伸强度和冲击强度则呈现先上升后下降的趋势。其中当Lyocell纤维含量达到6%时,其在复合材料中的分布较为均匀,所对应复合材料的力学性能相对较好,其拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度和弯曲模量比纯PLA分别提高了15.3%、12.3%和13.0%。     

静电粉末流化法碳纤维/聚苯硫醚预浸料的制备及性能表征

利用静电粉末浸渍工艺探索碳纤维增强聚苯硫醚(CF/PPS)预浸料的制备方法,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测试和热失重分析探讨了成型温度对CF/PPS预浸料的综合热性能的影响;表征了成型后CF/PPS复合材料的力学性能,以及PPS对碳纤维的浸润情况。结果显示,升高浸渍温度,可降低树脂黏度,PPS对碳纤维呈现良好的浸润效果,在升温至320℃时,PPS链段具有较高的活性和结晶能力,在长时间处于330℃高温下,PPS链段易发生支化交联影响了复合材料性能,CF/PPS预浸料热分解温度在520℃左右,随浸渍温度的提高,复合材料力学性能呈现先增加后降低的趋势,拉伸强度和弯曲强度最高可达到877.3 MPa和737 MPa,在扫描电子显微镜(SEM)下显示PPS树脂充分浸润了纤维丝束,浸渍效果良好。     

模压高碳酚醛树脂基烧蚀复合材料制备与成型

采用常规性能分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析、凝胶渗透色谱分析等对模压高碳酚醛树脂进行表征,通过模压成型分别制备了碳纤维和高硅氧纤维增强模压高碳酚醛树脂复合材料,测试了不同成型压力下两种复合材料的力学性能和耐烧蚀性能,最后通过超声无损检测方法对复合材料密实度进行表征。结果表明,模压高碳酚醛树脂苯环上以邻位取代为主,其游离酚和游离醛含量较低,180℃的凝胶时间低于50 s,适用于较高温度下的快速模压成型工艺;该树脂分子量小,对纤维的浸润性好,适宜的固化温度为(190±5)℃,900℃的残炭率可达67.13%。随成型压力增加,碳纤维和高硅氧纤维增强复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能均逐渐提高,但当成型压力大于45 MPa后,增加趋势变缓;当成型压力为45 MPa时,两种复合材料具有最好的耐烧蚀性能,其中碳纤维增强复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.006 8 mm/s和0.055 9 g/s,高硅氧纤维增强复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.116 4 mm/s和0.070 8 g/s。通过超声无损检测方法可以初步判断碳纤维增强复合材料的密实度。     

高性能、低成本复合材料用环氧体系的研究

通过凝胶化测试和示差扫描量热分析(DSC)研究了CYD128环氧树脂/部分钝化间苯二甲胺固化体系的反应特性,测试了该体系浇铸体的力学性能和耐热性。设计了一种新型低成本真空辅助传递模塑(VARTM)成型工艺并研究了该成型工艺对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,浇铸体弯曲强度可达131.0 MPa,拉伸强度71.8 MPa,拉伸模量3.1 GPa,冲击强度37.5 kJ/m2,玻璃化温度(Tg)98.1℃。使用新工艺得到的复合材料力学性能优异,其中连续玻璃纤维、连续碳纤维增强复合材料弯曲强度分别达到950.2 MPa、1 097.4 MPa。     

生物质基酚醛树脂的合成及其复合材料性能

用苯酚在酸性条件下对杉木木粉进行常压、高温液化制备液化油,以中和后的生物液化油和改性剂尿素进行氨基甲酸酯提质,并与多聚甲醛缩聚得到生物基热固性树脂;以生物基热固性树脂作为复合材料基体,制备了石英布层压板复合材料。采用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)、差热扫描量热法(DSC)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、流变测量和热失重分析(TGA)等表征了生物热固性树脂及其固化物的性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、三点弯曲力学性能测试和动态热机械分析(DMA)等技术对复合材料的断面形貌和力学性能进行了评价。结果表明:生物基热固性树脂的固化存在2个固化放热峰(185和220℃);生物基热固性树脂的树脂残炭率约为45%~48%;生物树脂基层压板复合材料的室温弯曲强度为357 MPa、弯曲模量为17 GPa;生物树脂基复合材料的玻璃化温度大于270℃(远高于酚醛树脂复合材料的玻璃化温度215℃)。生物质酚醛树脂是一种可以替代纯酚醛树脂的绿色低成本热固性复合材料基体。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。