PVC／PS共混体系的改性研究进展

概述了聚氯乙烯和聚苯乙烯的共混改性研究的最新进展，迄今主要在是该体系中加入增容剂进行改性。希望增容，交联协同技术用于该本系的共混改性。     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/淀粉共混物改性研究进展

综述了国内外制备聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)/淀粉共混物改性的研究进展,主要包括直接共混体系,增塑改性体系,增容改性体系以及淀粉纳米晶对于PBS的改性作用。增容改性体系中,通过不同的增容方法,基体与淀粉之间产生较强的界面作用力,力学性能得到了大幅提高。并对PBS/淀粉共混物改性存在的问题进行了总结,展望了其发展趋势。     

聚乳酸基共混物相容性的研究进展

共混是聚乳酸(PLA)改性最简单且经济有效的方法，然而大部分聚合物与PLA不相容或相容程度低，因此需对其进行增容。本文综述了近年来有关聚乳酸基共混物增容的最新进展，概述了增容机理和增容技术，分析了不同增容方法对PLA基共混物的界面黏合力、结晶度、力学性能、热稳定性等性能的影响，系统地比较了各种增容方法的特点和存在的问题，并展望了增容改性PLA基共混物的发展前景。其中纳米粒子增容对共混物性质无特异性，能够准确定位到界面，甚至赋予材料新的性能，是新颖且有前途的增容方法。     

增容技术及其工业应用

综述了聚合物共混中的主要增容技术，介绍了外加聚合物型非反应性和反应性增容剂，低分子量反应性化合物以及共混反应增容技术与进展。讨论了增容技术在共混及金化领域，如热塑性塑料的冲击改性，尤其是在动态硫化技术中的应用。     

ABS在聚合物共混改性中的研究进展

从聚合物共混改性原理的角度介绍PVC／ABS、PBT／ABS、PA／ABS三种重要的共混物。分析了ABS用量和加工工艺对共混物性能的影响，讨论了ABS共混物的增容改性技术。展望了ABS共混物的前景，并强调了研究过程中应注意的问题。     

增容剂及其应用现状

高聚物共混改性是当前高分子材料科学中极为活跃的研究领域之一,增容剂的应用是不相容聚合物共混改性的最新途径,本文着重讨论增容剂的概念、结构、性能、作用方式和开发应用的现状。     

聚碳酸酯共混物增容改性的研究

综述了近年来聚碳酸酯与丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚物、聚酯、液晶高分子、聚酰胺和聚烯烃等共聚物的研究现状。采用官能团化大分子作为共混物的相容剂或者作为改性组分是聚碳酸酯共混物改性的主要发展方向，增容聚碳酸酯共混物的分散相尺寸变小、界面粘结加强，物理与力学性能改善。讨论了聚碳酸酯共混物中的增容机理。     

共混反应增容技术进展

本文综述了聚合物共混反应增容技术的进展，介绍了增容技术所采取的化学反应类型及特征．采取的技术路线包括官能性共混组分之间的反应，反应性聚合物型增容剂的加入；低分子量反应性化合物的应用．同时还介绍了在挤出机或密炼机中用反应增容技术制备共混物的应用．如动态硫化法制备热塑性弹性体、通过热塑性塑料的冲击改性、工程塑料的改性等．     

聚碳酸酯与聚乙烯的增容研究进展

介绍国内外聚碳酸酯(PC)与聚乙烯(PE)的增容研究进展。PC与PE共混体系的增容方法有接枝改性增容、辐射增容等共混组分的直接反应增容,以及加入PE接枝共聚物或其它共聚物的反应性增容剂增容。讨论了目前研究中存在的问题,并指出了增容PC与PE体系的发展趋势。     

尼龙共混增容技术

综述了尼龙共混增容技术 ,包括共混组分间的反应性增容以及反应性相容剂增容。详细介绍了导致组分间反应性各种方法 ,如接枝改性、离聚体改性、力学合金技术、辐射技术等 ,以及不同类型的反应性相容剂。     

Reactive blending of polyamides with epoxidized elastomers

Melt blending of aliphatic polyamides (PA6, PA66, PA12) with epoxidized and nonepoxidized elastomers (SBS, BS, PB) was investigated. IR and rheological studies have shown that epoxidized elastomers can simultaneously react both with polyamides and within their own phases during melt blending. Relative intensity of both processes is the main factor, which determines structure and properties of blends. SEM observations indicated that use of epoxidized elastomers improves blend homogeneity and decreases mean size of dispersed elastomer phase in comparison with nonepoxidized elastomers. Mechanical properties of epoxidized elastomers based blends are generally better with respect to similar blends with nonepoxidized elastomers. They depend on blend composition and type of polyamide and elastomer. Elastomer addition decreases tensile strength of all systems but in some cases, a considerable rise of impact strength was measured. Epoxidized SBS block copolymer was found to be the most effective modifier, especially with respect to PA6 and PA12. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomer Based on Amino-terminated Polyamide-6 and Diisocyanate-terminated Polytetramethylene Glycol

Polyamide thermoplastic elastomers are successfully synthesized by adding polycondensation of amino-terminated polyamide-6 (with a molecular weight of 1000 and 2000 g/mol) and diisocyanate-terminated polytetramethylene glycol (with molecular weight of 1500 and2500 g/mol) with dimethylacetamide as solvent at 140°C. The structures of oligomers and polyamide thermoplastic elastomers are characterized by Fourier transform infrared. The thermogravimetry analysis result shows that the product displays good thermostability. Differential scanning calorimetry curves of polyamide thermoplastic elastomers exhibit two melting temperatures indicating phase separation of polyamide thermoplastic elastomers. Besides, the polyamide thermoplastic elastomers display excellent mechanical properties of high tensile strength (33–61 MPa) and high elongation at break (384–1220%).     

Structure and properties of polyamides‐epoxidized elastomers blends

Blends of aliphatic polyamides (PA6, PA66, and PA12), containing 0–15 wt % nonepoxidized or epoxidized elastomers (statistical copolymer butadiene–styrene BS/EBS or linear block copolymer styrene–butadiene–styrene SBS/ESBS) were investigated. For PA6‐elastomer blends, taken as an example, it was shown that with increasing blending time, mechanical properties of blends increase, especially, if ESBS copolymer is used. It can be treated as an indirect sign of reactions between components. It was also found that in blends considerable changes of glass temperatures of components occur. Polyamides in blends with elastomers have smaller heats of fusion in comparison with virgin polyamides. It testifies to hindering of PA crystallization by elastomers. In some cases, significant shifts of melting points are also observed. Measurements of water contact angle show that all blends have very similar values of contact angles, which are lower than those of virgin polyamides. Elastomer content does not also affect the blend water uptake. However, it depends on the polyamide and elastomer type contrary to contact angle. Highest water uptake changes are observed in blends of PA66, especially for epoxidized elastomers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1872–1879, 2006     

聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐作为增容剂的应用

聚合物共混改性是制备新型高分子材料极为有交的方法，其中的关键是要解决各种聚合物之间一般相容性很差的问题，通常的解决办法是加入合适的增容剂，聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐（PO-g-MAH)是研究的很多的增容剂。制备聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐的方法有熔融法、溶液法、辐射法和固相法，其中最重要的方法是熔融法，笔者主要介绍了聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐作为增容剂在改性聚酰胺（PA6、PA66、PA12、PA1010）、聚酯（PET、PBT）、热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）等聚合物共混物，聚烯烃/无机填料，聚烯烃/有机纤维，复合增强材料，粘结剂等方面的应用，聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐与其它聚合物原位反应生成共聚物，一方面降低了表面张力，使得分散相在基体中分散得更好；另一方面增强了两相的粘合力，从而达到了增容的目的。     

Parison formation and inflation behavior of polyamide-6 during extrusion blow molding

Parison formation and inflation behavior of three polyamide 6 resins during extrusion blow molding were investigated using cinematography, a transparent mold, a pinch-off mold and a modified blow pin, which allowed the pressure inside the parison to be determined during inflation. The glass fiber filled polyamide exhibited negligible extrudate swell and significant drawdown, whereas polyolefin modified polyamide exhibited appreciable extrudate swell and relatively small drawdown effects. The inflation behavior of the polyolefin modified polyamide was similar to the behavior of conventional blow molding grade polyolefins, whereas the unmodified and glass filled polyamides exhibited different inflation characteristics. Their inflation behavior at different internal pressures was characterized by decreasing and increasing Hencky strain rates with inflation time at high and low internal blow pressures, respectively. The characterized parison formation and inflation behavior of the polyamides emphasize the importance of rigorous blow moldability experiments and the difficulties associated with linking various rheological material functions to the blow moldability of modified polyamides.     

间规聚苯乙烯共混改性研究进展

介绍了间规聚苯乙烯(SPS)的特点，论述了间规聚苯乙烯共混改性的研究进展。详细介绍了SPS和聚苯醚共混，SPS和弹性体共混以及SPS和聚酰胺、聚酯等高聚物的共混改性，并展望了SPS的应用前景。     

聚丙烯合金的新发展

对聚丙烯与其他聚烯烃的机械共混和反应器共混的方法及其共混合金的力学性能进行了综述,介绍了聚丙烯合金的最新发展.     

全硫化热塑性弹性体TPV的生产及应用

叙述了全硫化热塑性弹性体TPV的历史及现状,着重对比了目前流行的两类TPV的生产工艺:以Exxon/AES公司的Santoprene产品为主要代表的动态硫化法,和以北京化工研究院所采用的全硫化粉末橡胶与热塑性树脂为原料进行共混为代表的物理共混法.同时,本文还以AES公司的Santoprene产品为例,列出了典型的TPV产品性能及主要生产厂家,并就该产品在各个领域中的应用给出了详细的说明.     

改性氰酸酯树脂的研究进展

本文主要评述了目前氰酯酯树脂的几种改性途径,其中包括与热固性树脂、橡胶弹性体、热塑性塑料、含不饱和双键的化合物以及与不同结构的氰酸酯树脂单体共聚或共混等改性方面,同时,本文还讨论了改性氰酯酯树脂的发展方向及应用前景。     

Blends of polyamide 6 and epichlorohydrin elastomers. II. Thermal,dynamic mechanical,and mechanical properties

The mechanical blending of polyamide 6 and epichlorohydrin elastomers, polyepichlorohydrin, PEPI, and poly(epichlorohydrin‐co‐ethylene oxide), ECO, is accompanied by grafting copolymerization. In this work the influence of the graft copolymer on the thermal and mechanical properties of the blends is investigated. The blends are immiscible and the crystallinity degree normalized to the polyamide 6 contents in the blends is higher than expected. The X‐ray diffraction results show that the grafting copolymer is also crystalline; hence, the presence of crystalline phase of copolymer can be responsible for the apparent enhancement of crystallinity. The DMA analysis reveals the presence of a shoulder in the peak corresponding to the PA 6 glass transition, as observed by loss modulus curves, which was assigned to relaxations of the grafting copolymer. Tensile tests show that the blends are more fragile than the PA 6, despite the graft copolymer. These results were attributed to the mechanical fragile interface constituted by a network type structure of the graft copolymer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1835–1841, 1999