共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 99 毫秒
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湍动流态化是介于鼓泡流态化和快速流态化之间的一个流型.相比于鼓泡流态化,它具有气固接触效率高、操作稳定、产量高、放大性能好等优点,是工业流化床催化反应器理想的操作区域.以往对这一流型转变的研究多在常温常压下进行.由于实际工业反应器多在一定的操作温度和压力下进行,研究温度和压力的影响对工业反应器的设计和操作就变得十分重要.实验是在φ150mm热流化床(T=室温-450℃)和φ284mm加压流化床(P=1×10~5-7×10~5Pa)中进行的;空气为流化介质;颗粒为广布于Geldart分类图上A、B两区的8种颗粒(与流化床催化反应所使用的颗粒范围相一致).采集密相压力波动信号进行时间域和频率域的分析.由床层不均匀度指数的峰值处确定起始流型转变速度u_c和对应此处的床层最大平均压力波动幅度S_(max).将粗、细颗粒的S_(max)对温度标绘后发现.高温下不同物性颗粒的S_(max)间差距缩小,即颗粒物性的不同所引起的床层流体力学行为的差异在高温下趋于缩小.实验结果表明,温度变化时是通过改变气体的密度和粘度来影响流型转变过程的;而压力变化时主要是通过改变气体的密度来影响这一过程的.在恒定气速、变化压力时,观察到了流型转变压力P_c.本文绘出了S=f(u,p)的三维图象,直观地表示了流型转变速度u_c及流型转变压力P_c的 相似文献
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本文在对前人有关鼓泡流化向湍流流化过渡的工作进行总结评述的基础上,分别考察了颗粒直径及分布、密度,床尺寸及内构件等对于临界湍流速度的影响,指出了影响比临界速度的根本因素是气泡。最后分别针对挡板床和自由床分析了比临界速度与气泡的关系。 相似文献
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本文采用床层压力脉动计算机分析方法,研究了操作温度(50~500℃)对于鼓泡流化向湍动流化过渡过程。为了揭示颗粒物性的影响,实验中使用了八种不同颗粒,并推荐下列关联式预测不同温度下的流型转变速度u_c。 相似文献
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湍动流化床的流型与流型过渡 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
分别在直径为114mm 和244mm 的流化床中,采用压力探头和光导纤维探头考察了湍动流态化的上、下限及实验判别准则。发现床内局部点处的床空隙率随气速的变化符合于修正的 Richardson-Zaki 关系,并以此可以揭示出局部区域进入湍动流态化的流型过渡(上限)。压力脉动法的测量结果(U_c)还表明:此时,床内湍动流态化区域实际上已经占有相当的份额。另一方面,分析床内压力及床密度的脉动信号随气速的变化,可以判定脱离湍动流态化时的流型转变(下限)。本文还应用 Kolmogoroff 的湍流理论定性地分析了湍动流态化的湍流结构。 相似文献
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一、前言本文分别介绍二种类型的计算机:PS-80微型计算机及DJS-130小型计算机,配合光导纤维探针随动测示装置,对鼓泡流态化床床层坍落参数数据采集和处理。系统传感器是光导纤维探针随动装 相似文献
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细粉的流态化特性及其判别 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用 AN 催化剂,FCC、Al_2O_3,明矶石(MFS)、石灰石粉(CaCO_3)等细粉粒子(相当于 Geldart 粒子分类图中的 C 类粒子),以 N_2为流化气,在φ100×4mm 的有机玻璃流化床中分别测定了它们的流化特性,并根据细粉粒子的△P_B—U 特性曲线,提出了一个测定细粉粒子间力的大小和判别 Geldart 的 A、C 类粒子的实验方法。 相似文献
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Rashid Mavliev Philip K. Hopke Hwa-Chi Wang Doh-Won Lee 《Aerosol science and technology》2013,47(1):586-595
A new method for changing the supersaturation in the Turbulent Mixing CNC has been developed and used to examine the transition from heterogeneous nucleation of test particles to homogenous nucleation of working fluid: dibutylphthlate (DBP). Supersaturation was controlled by changing the DBP vapor pressure in the nozzle flow by saturating only a predetermined part of the flow, while the total flow and temperature remain constant. This approach allows for the changing of the initial DBP vapor pressure, while keeping the flow structure and temperature field unchanged. The DBP concentration in the outlet of the vapor generator was measured experimentally for different ratios of saturated and bypass flows and found to be close to estimated values. Experimental results for transitions from heterogeneous nucleation to homogeneous nucleation are presented for NaCl and WOx particles at various DBP vapor pressures. With an increasing of the DBP vapor pressure, the concentration of enlarged particles increases until it reaches a plateau. At higher initial values of DBP pressure, homogeneous nucleation prevails, and the number concentration of particles follows a curve typical for homogeneous nucleation recorded in the absence of nuclei. Nuclei with different mobility diameters were activated at different values of vapor pressure. There are significant differences in the slopes of particle activation curves for NaCl and WOx particles. The reasons for such differences are a subject for continuing research. 相似文献
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针对特定颗粒浓度范围颗粒团聚作用导致的曳力下降问题,基于传统曳力模型在不同颗粒浓度段的特性分析,选择适用于不同颗粒浓度区间的曳力模型,通过光滑函数得到改进的曳力模型,并耦合欧拉双流体模型对2D鼓泡流化床进行数值模拟. 结果表明,与Gidaspow和Syamlal-O'Brien模型相比,改进的曳力模型对床层局部压降的预测结果更好;随表观气速增加,改进的曳力模型能更准确地预测床层膨胀;当表观气速Ug=0.46 m/s时,改进的曳力模型对径向颗粒浓度分布的模拟结果明显好于Syamlal-O'Brien模型. 相似文献
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Design Parameters for Performing Circulating Turbulent Fluidization with a Single Feed Stage Fluidized Bed Reactor 下载免费PDF全文
A fluidization reactor was designed to study the possibility of performing circulating turbulent fluidized bed (CTFB) by using only single feed gas injection. The effect of the design parameters was studied based on the Geldart classification and Archimedes number. Two sizes of sand particles represented Geldart group B, whereas a polyvinyl chloride particle represented the Geldart group A. The effect of the operating parameters was studied by manipulating the solid recirculation rates. Interpretation of the solid fraction profile along riser height could be used to determine the bed front. The appearance of CTFB in the system was indicated by the disappearance of the bed front along the riser height. A suitable riser height was lower than the maximum solid particle bed expansion; this is a crucial design parameter to support the action of CTFB. 相似文献
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本文通过实验,在φ60mm的挡板流化床中考察了Geldart分类中B组颗粒的流化特性.根据流化床压降、压降的脉动、床层膨胀和气体停留时间分布,了解到床层的流化性质随流化气速的变化有比较明显的差异,可以划分为鼓泡流化区和湍流流化区.而由鼓泡流化区向湍流流化区过渡时存在着一个临界状态点,该点对应的气速称为临界湍流流化速度u_n,根据实验结果可关联出以下表达式:Re_n=0.1358ρ~(0.6576)Ga_ρ~(0.5120)其中:Re_n=u_nρ_fd_ρ|μ;Ga_ρ=d_ρ~3ρ_f~2g|μ~2ρ=ρ_s|ρ_f该式可作为粗颗粒挡板流化床中稳定湍流流化区的判据,其误差在10%以内. 相似文献
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综述了聚合物共混增韧机理包括弹性体增韧、刚性粒子增韧、弹性体与刚性粒子协同增韧等研究进展;着重介绍了临界基体层厚度、损伤竞争准数、分子链参数、临界界面黏结条件、临界特征长度等几种源于单一粒子填充的脆韧转变判据,并分析其在复合粒子填充改性聚合物中的适用性。此外,还结合增韧机理和脆韧转变判据讨论了基体性能、分散相状态及相间界面黏结强度等因素对复合体系韧性的影响,提出寻找合适的复合分散相、适当调整复合粒子的结构比例、改善相间界面黏结以及设计最佳断裂路径仍将是今后努力的方向。 相似文献
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It is often desirable to operate industrial pipelines transporting non‐Newtonian materials near the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. For the commonly used Bingham plastic model, the Hedström technique overestimates turbulent flow friction losses because it does not take account of viscous‐layer thickening. In the present paper, the Wilson‐Thomas model is applied to predict the transition point for Bingham plastics. Laminar and turbulent friction losses are calculated to show that conditions at transition depend only on the Hedström number. The results are approximated by simplified fit functions. Comparison with existing empirical correlations and experimental data from various sources shows satisfactory agreement. 相似文献