基于SketchUp和ArcGIS的三维校园建模方法应用

数字校园已经成为数字城市建设的核心内容之一,其主要是利用地理空间信息技术整合数字化校园内的教学、科研和学生生活、学习服务信息,以达到信息和资源的共享,促进学校制度的创新、管理的创新。以昆明冶金高等专科学校安宁校区为研究对象,基于cass数字测图技术并结合Skectch Up建模技术和利用Arc GIS地理空间信息技术软件为平台,构建三维数字校园系统,实现数字校园的三维虚拟模型。对于不同地物使用不同建模方式,并对构建模型进行属性信息的添加,实现了在Arc GIS软件平台上进行空间数据的访问、流畅三维校园漫游和查询三维数字校园信息。     

地理信息系统与油田开发管理

阐述了地理信息系统（Geographic Information System,简称GIS）技术的概念、方法、应用领域及其发展,GIS的信息组织形式、空间分析能力、图形化表现形式赋予了其大的生命力和应用前景;目前的GIS系统能够有效算是二维问题,但是对于油藏管理这类特殊的三维问题还无法进行描述和分析,需要利用通用开发工具扩展GIS的功能;提出一个适合油田开发管理的GIS架构：基于地质统计学方法的地质建模为核心、三维图形表示为手段、GIS工具为多层次信息集成平台,扩展目前GIS系统欠缺的三维空间描述能力。油藏本身是一种时空系统,通过油藏动态监测数据的分析和地质统计学方法的应用,实现油藏动态描述,能才使GIS技术的应用为油藏的生产管理与决策发挥巨大作用。     

矿井灾害的地质及巷道集成三维模型研究

针对目前地质和巷道独立建模给矿井灾害救援带来的问题,建立基于面模型的多层三维地质与巷道集成模型,并结合可视化技术为救援决策提供技术支持。研究复杂地质体的三维模型和巷道三维模型的关键技术,综合三维巷道网络的弧-节点模型与地层岩性、节点相互关联的拓扑关系,实现二者的集成建模。在此基础上,采用启发式路径搜索的A*算法,实现应急救援路线的智能快速选择。     

从CAD模型到数码城市GIS模型的若干问题

作为数码城市GIS建设重要的数据源 ,三维CAD模型数据在规划设计部门普遍可得 .特别是由于GIS在复杂场景三维建模与编辑方面还不能满足日益增长的需要、大量的数码城市GIS建设在相当长时间内还要继续采用CAD建模方法及其成果的情况下 .分析了CAD与GIS在三维数据模型方面的异同点 ,提出了在数码城市GIS中有效集成应用CAD模型数据的解决方案 ,并着重在数据表示、数据结构和数据转换等方面进行了深入剖析 .实验证明 ,该方法可满足GIS数据处理与表现高效、逼真和可量测的要求     

基于VRML-GIS的三维小区构建

VRML-GIS是一种将VRML与WEB-GIS相结合的新技术，它的目的在于集合WEB-GIS的强大的空间分析功能和VRML优秀的三维可视化功能．与一般GIS系统相比，三维小区系统需要更为真实的可视化效果．因此，首先设计了基于VRML-GIS的三维小区系统架构方案；然后，对方案涉及的空间数据组织、场景建模和交互控制等关键问题进行了阐述．最后，给出了以中国矿业大学校园为研究对象的一个应用实例，并针时实际问题提出了解决思路。     

基于GIS的三维虚拟校园设计与实现

三维GIS技术近来迅猛发展,受到了广泛关注.较二维GIS而言,三维GIS能更真实地表达客观世界,且对空间对象进行三维显示、分析和操作也是三维GIS特有的功能.以南京信息工程大学为例,介绍了利用三维GIS技术进行虚拟校园建设的过程,阐述了基于GoogleSketchUp和ArcGIS的三维可视化设计方法进行三维场景建模与优化、虚拟校园系统功能设计以及三维场景的浏览功能、建筑物属性的查询功能、路径分析和动画输出等功能的实现技术.最后指出了系统存在的问题,并提出了下一步的研究方向.     

GIS中面向对象建筑物三维数据模型研究

给出一种面向对象的建筑物建模方法.该方法使用单纯分子地物模型对建筑物进行描述,建模时将建筑模型分解为若干形状简单的分子地物,通过树结构和双向循环链表的形式对其进行整合,简化了数据表示,便于以建筑物为单元进行操作.且在不同对象间引入结合度概念,探讨了不同分辨率查询问题.     

3D GIS支持下的城市三维地质数据管理与服务系统研究

城市地质数据的数字化管理与服务是“数字城市”工程的重要内容．3D GIS将在未来的城市数字化建设中扮演核心角色．介绍了3D GIS的发展现状及应用前景．详细讨论了基于3D GIS构建的城市地质数据管理与服务系统的设计思路和结构功能，在分析城市三维地质数据多种建模方法的基础上，采用一种基于TIN和TEN的混合数据结构来构建城市三维地质数据建模系统．另外，针对城市三维地质数据的特点，探讨了城市三维地质海量数据的采集与管理、城市三维地质数据信息的Web发布等重要问题，力求为系统的最终实现提供完整的解决方案．     

元对象机制驱动的复杂系统开放式顶层建模

为了在复杂系统开发过程的不同阶段,以及在不同建模工具和设计部门之间更加准确地描述系统的顶层模型,提出了一种新的面向复杂系统开放式顶层建模方法。基于元对象机制的元建模框架,对SysML进行基本衍型扩展和Simulink衍型扩展;在顶层建模中,把复杂系统划分为静态结构模型、动态行为模型以及两种模型间的交互关系;并对各抽象层次模型进行形式化定义,实现多种异构模型的有效集成。最后,在某无人机飞控系统顶层建模实例中,对基于顶层模型进行了飞控系统的统一建模描述,实现了复杂系统中多种异构模型的高层次抽象,验证了该方法对复杂系统顶层建模的有效性。     

面向对象的三维数据模型及其存取实现——以三维城市房屋重建为例

由于GIS(地理信息系统)软件尚无统一、完备的数据模型,作者对GIS的数据进行了建模,以三维城市房屋可视化模型为例,以面向对象的思想构造了三维矢量的数据结构,并提出了一种以关系数据库为核心、引入面向对象机制的数据组织方法,以此管理图形数据和属性数据．     

An automatic unified modeling method of geological object and engineering object based on tri-prism(TP)

For the interaction relation between geological object and engineering object in some fields related to water conservancy and hydropower, a unified modeling idea was proposed. On the basis of summarizing both advantages and disadvantages of existing modeling methods, an automatic unified modeling method of both engineering and geological objects based on tri-prism(TP) model was presented. Through the lossless correction algorithm of deviated drill holes contained in this method, the real deviated drill holes could be corrected into the equivalent virtual vertical ones. And the correction accuracy fully meets the requirements of unified modeling. With the virtual vertical drilling data, TIN construction of both cover layer and other stratums would be built in order to obtain the 3D geological model. Then, the engineering design data would be introduced into the 3D geological model for achieving unified modeling. For this process, the volume subdividing and restructuring principles were introduced to deal with the spatial relationships between engineering object and geological object. In order to improve the efficiency of unified modeling, the reconstruction of TIN based on constraint information was also applied in this method. At last, the feasibility and validation of the unified modeling method as well as its relevant key algorithms were verified by specific experiments and analysis of results.     

GIS中空间对象的不确定性研究

重点讨论了空间数据不确定性的概念、模型及研究方法,建议用目标模型和场模型来分别表示两类不同的空间对象,论述了空间统计学、模糊集理论、粗集理论、遗传算法、反思模型关数据不确定性研究中的应用,并给出了若干应用例子。     

Probe into Key Techniques of Regional-Oriented 3D GIS On the key techniques of 3D GIS used for regional Geological Information System

Regional Geological Information System combines the multi-dimensional and dynamic spatial information into an integrated spatial information system. 3D geological modeling and its preprocessing or post-processing are the most difficult problems for constructing the system. Based on the current 3D GIS technique, some basic problems in establishing the system are discussed in this paper, including 3D spatial data model, 3D geological modeling, and visualization of 3D geological data. A kind of 3D vector data model based on boundary representation for geological object and its topology was developed in order to model and visualize complex geological structures. In addition, some key techniques are pointed out for further study.     

A modeling method for virtual scene based on multi-view image sequence

Through the analysis and comparison of shortcomings and advantages of existing technologies on object modeling in 3D applications,we propose a new modeling method for virtual scene based on multi-view image sequence to model irregular objects efficiently in 3D application.In 3D scene,this method can get better visual effect by tracking the viewer’s real-time perspective position and projecting the photos from different perspectives dynamically.The philosophy of design,the steps of development and some other relevant topics are discussed in details,and the validity of the algorithm is analyzed.The results demonstrate that this method represents more superiority on simulating irregular objects by applying it to the modeling of virtual museum.     

Probe into Key Techniques of Regional-Oriented 3D GIS

1 Introduction Geological exploration is one of the most im- portant approaches to study and solve multitudinous geological problems in the development of modern times. Since 1990s, geological work has been con- fronted with a new opportunity that is brought by the rapid development and extensive application of in- formation technology all over the world. It becomes a new working model for studies based on digital spa- tial database, computer cartography and Geographi- cal Information System …     

一种适用于规则形体的三维重建方法

给出了一种适用于规则形体的三维重建方法,从待建模对象的若干不同角度的照片出发,先通过特征提取和交叉匹配获得足够多的特征点,并以协方差作为相似性度量依据,采取分布匹配策略剔除错误匹配对,然后通过空间点重建和表面重建法重建出目标对象的三维模型,并从采集的图像中提取真实纹理,对图像进行二维三角化,三角化的二维点列再映射到三维空间,为三维模型添加纹理,得到具有真实感的外观模型.实际应用验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性.     

An Approach to Computer Modeling of Geological Faults in 3D and an Application

3D geological modeling, one of the most important applications in geosciences of 3D GIS, forms the basis and is a prerequisite for visualized representation and analysis of 3D geological data. Computer modeling of geological faults in 3D is currently a topical research area. Structural modeling techniques of complex geological entities containing reverse faults are discussed and a series of approaches are proposed. The geological concepts involved in computer modeling and visualization of geological fault in 3D are explained, the type of data of geological faults based on geological exploration is analyzed, and a normative database format for geological faults is designed. Two kinds of modeling approaches for faults are compared： a modeling technique of faults based on stratum recovery and a modeling technique of faults based on interpolation in subareas. A novel approach, called the Unified Modeling Technique for stratum and fault, is presented to solve the puzzling problems of reverse faults, syn-sedimentary faults and faults terminated within geological models. A case study of a fault model of bed rock in the Beijing Olympic Green District is presented in order to show the practical result of this method. The principle and the process of computer modeling of geological faults in 3D are discussed and a series of applied technical proposals established. It strengthens our profound comprehension of geological phenomena and the modeling approach, and establishes the basic techniques of 3D geological modeling for practical applications in the field of geosciences.     

Motion estimation of elastic articulated objects from image contours

A new method of elastic articulated objects (human bodies) modeling was presented based on a new conic curve. The model includes 3D object deformable curves which can represent the deformation of human occluding contours. The deformation of human occluding contour can be represented by adjusting only four deformation parameters for each limb. Then, the 3D deformation parameters are determined by corresponding 2D contours from a sequence of stereo images. The algorithm presented in this paper includes deformable conic curve parameters determination and the plane, 3D conic curve lying on, parameter determination.     

3D integrated modeling approach to geo-engineering objects of hydraulic and hydroelectric projects

Aiming at 3D modeling and analyzing problems of hydraulic and hydroelectric en-gineering geology,a complete scheme of solution is presented. The first basis was NURBS-TIN-BRep hybrid data structure. Then,according to the classified thought of the object-oriented technique,the different 3D models of geological and engi-neering objects were realized based on the data structure,including terrain class,strata class,fault class,and limit class;and the modeling mechanism was alterna-tive. Finally,the 3D integrated model was established by Boolean operations be-tween 3D geological objects and engineering objects. On the basis of the 3D model,a series of applied analysis techniques of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering geology were illustrated. They include the visual modeling of rock-mass quality classification,the arbitrary slicing analysis of the 3D model,the geological analysis of the dam,and underground engineering. They provide powerful theoretical prin-ciples and technical measures for analyzing the geological problems encountered in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering under complex geological conditions.     

三维高速铁路场景对象的地理本体建模与语义查询

针对高速铁路场景对象种类繁多、空间关系复杂的问题,采用地理本体建模方法,进行多层次概念模型分析,研究专业领域本体映射与本体集成方法,构建场景对象本体知识库,并在引入语义距离和知网（HowNet）的基础上,分别构建语义相似度和语义相关度的计算模型,进而实现基于地理本体的场景对象语义查询.实验证明,查询方案不仅能够利用地理本体显式化的描述能力提高查询效率,还能够借助语义相似度匹配方法提高查询的准确性.研究成果对三维高速铁路场景对象的存储、管理、建模与分析等应用具有较强的实际意义.