装配式波纹钢腹板组合箱梁足尺疲劳模型试验研究

装配式波纹钢腹板组合箱梁是一种新型桥梁结构体系,目前尚无波纹钢腹板疲劳性能评估方面的系统的理论,需要通过试验研究来评估其疲劳性能。在总结分析国内外相关研究成果的基础上,对一片足尺疲劳试验梁进行了双点加载疲劳试验,并分析了疲劳加载对其结构性能的影响。结果表明:在相同荷载工况下,随着疲劳加载次数的增加,跨中截面底板正应力逐渐增大,顶板正应力逐渐减小,同时跨中挠度逐渐增大。试验梁在加载至985万次时发生开裂。文章记录试验梁开裂时关键细节等效应力幅σ_R以及对应循环次数N,并将疲劳试验得到的结果和JT规范相比照。     

基于车辆荷载的锈损公路桥梁疲劳性能试验研究

采用湿盐砂锈蚀方法获得腐蚀环境钢筋混凝土劣化试件,选取与车辆荷载作用下公路桥梁实际承受的疲劳应力水平,通过8根锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲疲劳试验,分析了锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳破坏形态及应力水平和钢筋锈蚀率对梁疲劳性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,锈蚀梁的疲劳破坏形态为主筋脆性断裂;在设计应力水平作用下,疲劳加载满足规范200万次要求;在桥梁实际应力水平作用下,未锈蚀试验梁的平均疲劳寿命较规范值减少6.71%;锈蚀较严重的试验梁疲劳寿命较规范值减少13.57%,较同应力水平的未锈蚀梁疲劳寿命减少42.54%,锈蚀对试验梁的疲劳寿命影响显著。随着疲劳循环次数的增加,锈蚀梁钢筋内部出现疲劳损伤、抗弯刚度逐渐退化,混凝土残余应变累积,裂缝演变基本符合快速增加、稳定发展、急剧变化的“三阶段”发展规律。根据试验结果,建立S-N疲劳寿命方程,提出了锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁疲劳寿命计算方法,研究结果为桥梁结构疲劳性能评估提供理论依据。     

大跨组合桁梁桥全焊接节点局部应力有限元分析

大跨组合桁梁桥节点采用全焊接形式时,存在局部应力放大现象,可能影响桥梁疲劳性能。针对天津海河吉兆桥,基于有限元软件ANSYS采用热点应力法对焊接节点的疲劳性能进行分析。初步分析结果表明,采用ANSYS自带的Smart划分方式及高阶单元进行有限元分析所得到的结果具有足够的精度,节点焊缝处未产生应力集中现象,模型边界条件对结果影响较大。通过不同工况的对比分析,发现节点处斜腹杆的剪力和弯矩作用对节点板外侧转角处的应力有一定影响,但与轴力相比影响程度较小。通过对该桥焊接节点的局部应力有限元分析,证明节点板关键部位在全桥实际荷载作用下的应力水平处于安全范围内,为结构的设计施工提供可靠依据,并可为今后该类节点的疲劳分析提供参考。     

货运铁路扩能运输对桥梁动力性能的影响

随着铁路扩能运输的快速推进,列车编组增加、车辆轴重增大、运营密度提高,使得铁路桥梁承受的荷载与疲劳效应显著增加。为了分析重载运输对朔黄铁路桥梁运营性能的影响,文章通过对朔黄铁路7座桥梁进行运营性能相关试验,分析运营荷载作用下结构的动力系数、梁跨跨中振幅、横向加速度和梁跨自振频率等动态性能指标以及试验梁跨两端桥墩的墩顶振幅等参数变化规律,结合梁跨横向刚度等运营性能指标,分析不同车辆类型对桥梁结构动力性能的影响,为管理部门系统掌握该桥的技术状态、制定运行方案和养护维修提供技术依据。     

快速建造的钢混组合连续刚构桥装配方法及力学性能影响研究

为研究全装配式钢桁-混凝土组合连续刚构桥应用于特大跨径时的合理装配工序,揭示不同装配工序对桥梁结构性能的影响,建立了l=386m的装配式组合连续刚构桥有限元模型,模拟了6种不同的钢桁、预制桥面板安装工序以及钢混组合结整时机,以分析比较桥面板与钢桁的装配顺序、钢混焊接结整顺序对于桥梁跨中挠度、钢桁上下弦杆应力以及预应力度的影响。计算结果表明：桥面板与钢桁分节段同步施工时,可减小桥梁的上下弦杆应力和跨中挠度值,并提高刚度。但是同时会降低预应力度;桥道板分段焊接在跨中挠度值和上下弦杆应力方面表现出更好的性能,可以平均减小跨中挠度值29.90%,并平均减小上下弦杆应力35.49%,而且能够有效减小靠近桥墩节段的预应力损失;桥道板与钢桁分多段同步施工,合龙后一次性焊接桥道板不仅能保证预应力损失较小,还能提高全桥刚度,因此可推荐为特大跨全装配式钢桁-混凝土连续刚构桥优化施工装配方案,研究结果可为全装配式钢混组合梁桥推广应用提供技术参考。     

国际期刊导读

1钢结构高级分析中的梁-壳单元模型 摘要：高级分析中的塑性区分析方法，采用壳单元模拟，能最准确地分析钢框架的极限承载力及性能。但这种全壳塑性区模型的缺点是：计算量很大，仅限于求解小型结构。通用有限元软件中的梁单元能模拟残余应力并能描述塑性发展状况，     

梁格法及壳单元法在三跨连续箱梁桥计算中的比较

梁格法和壳单元法是曲线桥梁理论计算中常用的方法。为得到梁格法的适用范围,文章建立三跨单箱双室预应力连续梁桥直线桥和曲线桥有限元模型,分别采用梁格法及壳单元法计算了直线桥及曲线桥梁在自重及偏心活载作用下桥梁的应力及变形。经比较分析得出以下结论:自重作用下直线桥壳单元法分析结果与梁格法两种方法得到中间纵梁弯矩及挠度相差不大,两种方法得到曲线梁桥纵梁弯矩及挠度差别比直线桥要大很多;偏心活载作用下两种方法得到直线桥弯矩及挠度相差不大,曲线桥弯矩及挠度相差较大;在曲线半径较小时,用梁格法计算各腹板分配内力时引起的误差可高达30%。因此在圆心角较大的情况下,建议采用壳单元法。     

工字型钢梁双重非线性分析

利用通用分析软件ANSYS分别建立＂工＂字型梁的梁单元和壳单元模型,对比分析了静力作用下,两种模型的应力和位移,发现采用壳单元模型的计算结果低于梁单元模型的分析结果,壳单元模型能更好地模拟结构的失稳破坏。     

悬索桥静动力特性分析的有限板壳单元法

本文提出一种基于正交异性板壳单元悬索桥静动力分析方法，以实际工程为例。分别按梁单元模型与正交异性板壳单元模型对其进行了静力与动力分析，并对计算结果进行了详细的比较分析。计算表明，正交异性板单元模型克服了梁单元模型中存在的问题，对大跨度悬索桥整体动力性能与局部的静力性能都能做出更加精确的模拟计算。     

大跨斜拉桥结构健康监测的有限元分析模型

桥梁结构健康监测的有限元模型是桥梁结构健康评估系统的重要组成部分,它必须能够准确计算桥梁结构的整体动力特性.所建立的模型是某大跨斜拉桥结构健康监测与安全评价系统的一部分,用于传感器测点的选择、识别结构关键构件.模型的构建根据最终设计构造并以独立的结构构件为分析单元,是一个完整的有限元模型,可以精确模拟结构的刚度、几何构形和质量分布等特性.模型中采用空间梁单元模拟塔柱、斜拉索和桩,采用空间壳单元和梁单元拼装钢箱梁.考虑到桥梁跨度很大,因此考虑了拉索的垂度效应和初应力对拉索刚度的影响,采用Ernst公式对拉索弹模进行折减.模型也考虑了下部群桩基础对上部结构的影响,土的作用以桩基侧面的土弹簧模拟.由于模型误差、参数误差的存在,模型计算值与实测值通常有一定偏差,因此初步模型必须要进行修正.由于大桥尚未建成,因此完全的模型修正尚不可行,本次仅对其进行了初步校核修正.初步修正后的模型为初步确定出健康监测方案提供了依据.     

Advanced dynamic finite element analysis of a skew steel railway bridge

The aim of this paper is to present advanced modelling techniques for dynamic analysis of steel railway bridges. Finite element analyses of a case study skew bridge are carried out and the results are compared with available field measurements. Initially, eigenvalue analyses of different models are carried out in order to obtain the fundamental mode shapes and bridge frequencies and to assess the capability of each model to capture the dynamic behaviour of the bridge. Single-span, three-span and full bridge models are investigated with different elements such as shell, beam and combinations of these. A very good agreement between the fundamental dynamic properties of the bridge and empirical results is found. Following the eigenvalue analyses, time history dynamic analyses are carried out using the full bridge model. The analyses are carried out for different train speeds and the strain histories are compared with available field measurements. In terms of fatigue assessment, the mean stress range values obtained from the strain histories at selected locations on the bridge members are also compared to each other. The results show that a full bridge model using a combination of beam and shell elements is a reasonably accurate and computationally efficient way of capturing the dynamic behaviour of a bridge and estimating the mean stress range for fatigue damage calculations.     

某大桥动力分析

以某大桥为工程背景,采用结构分析软件ANSYS建立了三维有限元模型,进行了模态分析,算出了前10阶自振频率和振型,并且选取1940年美国El-Centro地震记录进行了全桥动力分析,得到了一些具有价值的结论。     

Structural performance evaluation of a precast prefabricated bridge column under vehicle impact loading

In this study, the numerical analysis method was proposed to analyse the structural behaviour of bridge columns under various impact loading conditions. A parametric study of vehicle impact simulation was carried out to determine the impact loading-time functions. According to the impact simulation results, five-point piecewise linear approximation is proposed and validated. The proposed loading function was applied to the material nonlinear finite element analyses of two different types of bridge piers, the cast-in-place reinforced concrete bridge columns and the prefabricated bridge columns, which were designed under the same loading conditions. The dynamic performances of the considered bridge piers are compared using the results of dynamic numerical analyses. Also, the static design loadings of a vehicle crash defined in the Korean bridge design code and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications were applied to analyse the results of the dynamic analyses of the piers.     

Dynamic Characteristics of a Curved Cable-stayed Bridge:Operational Modal Testing and FE Modeling

This paper summarizes the analytical and experimental dynamic analyses carried out to assess the actual dynamic behaviour of a curved cable-stayed bridge,recently erected in the commercial harbour of Porto Marghera ( Venice,Italy). Ambient vibration tests were carried out to determine the dynamic characteristics of the bridge and more than 20 modes were identified in the frequency range 0～10Hz. In the theoretical study,a 3D FE model of the bridge was developed using an integrated CAD-FEA approach; subsequen...     

The effects of the repair operations and replacement of the elastomeric bearings on the modal characteristics of a highway bridge

In this paper, the extraction of the dynamic properties of a two span simply supported pre-stressed concrete skew highway bridge has been reported. The experimental work has been carried out according to a predetermined repair program involving the replacement of the elastomeric bearings. The operational modal analysis (OMA) technique has been used for the extraction of the modal properties of the bridge. The dynamic parameters of the bridge have been derived with the use of the frequency domain decomposition (FDD) as well as the stochastic subspace identification (SSI). Five modal tests have been carried out during different stages of the repair operations. One of these tests has been performed under normal traffic and the rest of the experiments have been carried out in the condition of traffic closure. Supporting numerical analyses have demonstrated close agreement between experimental and numerical results. In addition, the effects of the variation of the values of the shear modulus of the elastomeric bridge bearings on the dynamic properties of the bridge have been investigated. As a result of the experimental and numerical studies, it has been demonstrated that some additional retrofit measures also needed to be taken.     

Environmental effects on the dynamic characteristics of the Gülburnu Highway Bridge

This paper investigates environmental effects on dynamic characteristics of isolated highway bridges constructed with the balanced cantilever method using ambient vibration test. The Gülburnu Highway Bridge located on the Giresun-Espiye state highway is selected as an application. Measurement time, frequency span and effective mode number are selected by considering similar studies found in the literature. The first measurement tests are conducted in June 2009 and traffic over the bridge is used as a source of ambient vibrations to obtain the dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. The second measurement tests are conducted in November 2011 using ambient vibrations and the dynamic characteristics are obtained, experimentally. The output-only modal identification of the bridge is effectively carried out using the enhanced frequency domain decomposition method in the frequency domain and stochastic subspace identification method in the time domain. At the end of the study, experimentally identified dynamic characteristics are compared with each other and environmental effects are investigated in detail. The analysis results reveal that the identified natural frequencies provide an effective indication for changes of dynamic characteristics of the bridge due to environmental effects. Significant variability in the identified natural frequencies is changing by up to maximum 14%.     

Monitoring the dynamic characteristics of an urban bridge before,during and after widening

The dynamic characteristics of a multi-span pre-stressed concrete urban bridge before, during and after widening operations have been studied. The widening operations have been carried out by adding two new bridges on the either sides of the old bridge. The decks of the new bridges have been structurally separated from the old one by two longitudinal joints on the either side of the old bridge. The dynamic characteristics have been extracted from operational modal tests in three phases during different stages of the widening operations. The dynamic interaction between the new parts and the old part of the bridge has also been investigated. The results show that after the completion of the widening works, and when the whole bridge was placed in service condition, this interaction affects the natural frequencies of almost all the vibration modes of the bridge. It was also found that the longitudinal joints were unable to effectively isolate the new parts from the old part. Finally, in order to achieve a consistent behaviour in the first bending mode of the new and old bridges, a geometrical index has been introduced. This index includes both the effects of stiffness and mass properties of the bridge deck. In widening projects, where the span lengths, material properties and support conditions of the two bridges are taken the same, adopting equal geometrical indices leads to almost equal values of the natural frequencies and similar mode shapes in the first bending mode. The proposed index can be used in the initial design stage for such projects.     

基于振型参数的装配式桥梁损伤识别研究

利用结构动力特性的振型参数对桥梁进行快速损伤诊断和定位,可以提高结构性能评价与损伤诊断的效率。本文以装配式预应力混凝土T梁为算例,通过定义位移振型和曲率振型的桥梁损伤识别指标进行损伤识别,计算结果表明采用位移振型和曲率振型的方法进行损伤识别和定位效果较好。     

移动车辆对桥梁动力作用模拟简化方法的研究

对移动车辆作用下桥梁的动力反应进行研究,分别采用移动荷载和移动质量两种形式模拟车辆,通过分析桥梁在动力荷载作用下的振动方程及其挠度极值变化情况,指出自重及惯性力在桥梁挠度变形中起到的重要作用,比较了两种方法的可靠性及其适用条件。     

Investigation on dynamic behaviour of a full-scale reinforced concrete bridge subjected to strong earthquakes using an automated analysis platform

In this paper, the condition of a full-scale concrete bridge subjected to strong earthquakes is evaluated using vibration-based analyses. A new computational toolkit is developed in MATLAB environment for damage identification and long-term monitoring. Two types of parametric and non-parametric analysis methods are carried out on monitoring data. Moreover, a dynamic performance index is proposed based on an AutoRegressive Moving Average with eXogenous excitation (ARMAX) model. This index utilises the response predicted from an ARMAX model to evaluate bridge behaviour during strong earthquakes. Based on the results, a minor but permanent drop of 0.05?Hz in natural frequency of the first transverse and vertical modes is observed after the first strong earthquake. Also, a significant drop in frequency of the first transverse mode is observed during the two strong earthquakes. The results of the index show that the bridge did not follow linear behaviour during the two strong earthquakes as expected from a linear system. A close to flag-shaped force-displacement relationship is also observed during the first strong earthquake that can be an indication of nonlinearity in bridge behaviour. The analysis results illustrate the efficiency of the new monitoring platform for long-term monitoring and management of large datasets.