汽车用PA6/ABS带色合金材料的研究

选用聚酰胺(PA6)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)高胶粉和相容剂,制备了PA6/ABS合金材料。研究了ABS用量对PA6/ABS合金材料加工性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,ABS含量不同,挤出状态不同;ABS含量越高材料的流动性越差;随着ABS含量的降低,材料的拉伸强度依次升高,悬臂梁冲击强度和热变形温度呈不同的变化规律。选择PA6∶ABS=70∶25配方,对比不同抗氧剂时带色材料经热氧老化后颜色的变化及色粉含量增加后颜色的变化。结果表明,受阻酚类抗氧剂(1010)和硫醚类抗氧剂(DLTP)的复合抗氧体系和抗氧剂H10对抑制PA6/ABS合金材料热氧老化后的颜色黄变有很好的作用;通过添加钛白粉来增加色粉的含量可以明显降低材料经热氧老化后的颜色变化率,1010和DLTP的复合抗氧体系较抗氧剂H161能更好地抑制PA6/ABS合金材料热氧老化后C—N键的断裂和生色基团羰基的产生。研制的灰色PA6/ABS合金材料已应用于汽车儿童座椅配件。     

尼龙6在热氧老化中的性能与结构变化

通过挤出共混法制备了添加不同抗老化助剂的尼龙6(PA6),以改善PA6的耐老化性能。考察了PA6试样暴露在125℃的热空气中一定时间后其黄色指数(YI)、色差(△E)、热稳定性能和力学性能的变化;系统地研究了不同抗氧剂对PA6在这一热氧老化过程中的变色行为和力学性能的影响;以黄色指数值达到55作为失效的指标,对PA6热氧老化试样进行了静态使用寿命的分析与预测;使用红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)分析了PA6试样在热氧老化过程的结构变化。研究结果表明:使用胺类抗氧剂能明显地改善PA6的抗热氧老化变色性能,还能使其保持较高的热稳定性能和力学性能,并大大延长PA6的静态使用寿命;用酚类抗氧剂/亚磷酸酯抗氧剂组成(1:1)的稳定体系能对改善PA6的耐热氧老化性能产生协同效应。     

抗老化助剂对尼龙6耐老化性能的影响

通过热氧老化评估了不同抗氧剂对尼龙6(PA6)耐黄变性能的影响,优选一组效果较好的抗氧剂作为基础抗氧剂配方。通过QUV 340 nm加速老化实验,分别评估了添加不同光稳定剂的PA6样品老化后其色差(△E)、黄色指数变化值(△YI)及拉伸强度保留率随时间的变化情况;通过长期热氧老化实验分别评估了样品在不同温度下,其△E、△YI及拉伸强度保留率随时间的变化情况。结果表明:Sunox508/Sunox626抗氧体系中加入光稳定剂会降低抗氧剂效果,其中加入Sunovin 5524/Sunovin 770影响最小。     

挤出过程对增韧尼龙6力学性能的影响

对尼龙(PA)6进行增韧可以改善其低温下的冲击强度,扩展PA6材料的应用领域。以PA6、聚烯烃增韧剂、抗氧剂为原料,在同向双螺杆挤出机中制备了增韧PA6材料,考察了一次挤出与二次挤出对增韧PA6材料力学性能的影响。结果发现,挤出过程对增韧PA6的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、拉伸断裂强度以及室温冲击强度影响显著,二次挤出过程得到的增韧PA6材料的性能下降,这与PA6在二次挤出过程中发生了更严重的氧化降解有关,但是对拉伸屈服强度和–40℃冲击强度影响不显著,说明这些性能对挤出过程以及氧化降解缺陷不敏感。     

抗氧剂对PA6/GF热氧老化性能的影响

选用1098,1076,168,H10,H161和H3373几种抗氧剂,共混挤出制成玻璃纤维(GF)增强尼龙(PA)6(PA6/GF)复合材料。在140℃条件下热氧老化1 000 h,通过拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、颜色和表面微裂纹测试,讨论不同抗氧剂对复合材料抗热氧老化的作用效果。结果表明,H161,H3373有较好的抗热氧老化效果。比较H10,H161和H3373 3种不同种类的抗氧剂及不同添加量对复合材料抗热氧老化的作用效果。结果表明,对拉伸强度、颜色的作用效果:H3373H161H10;对缺口冲击强度的作用效果:H161H3373H10;不同比例时作用效果差异不大。抗氧剂H161和H3373能有效防止PA6/GF复合材料表面微裂纹的产生,经过140℃,1 000 h热氧老化后,材料色板表面未见微裂纹的产生。     

热氧老化对长玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6复合材料的影响

研究了160℃条件下不同热氧老化时间对未添加抗氧剂和添加抗氧剂的长玻璃纤维(LGF)增强聚酰胺(PA)6(PA 6/LGF)复合材料力学性能、热稳定性、结晶度及表面形貌的影响,并采用热重分析,差示扫描量热法分析和扫描电子显微镜观察对PA 6/LGF复合材料进行了表征。结果表明:PA 6基体分子链的断裂、降解以及LGF与PA 6基体的脱黏导致了PA 6/LGF复合材料宏观力学性能、熔融温度、结晶温度、结晶度以及热稳定性的下降。添加抗氧剂的PA 6/LGF复合材料拉伸强度保持率为83.9%,而未添加抗氧剂的复合材料则为76.8%。添加抗氧剂能使PA 6/LGF复合材料具有相对优异的力学性能保持率。     

耐高温聚丙烯的热氧老化性能研究

通过粉化时间研究了耐高温聚丙烯的热氧老化性能,并考察了组分比、抗氧剂、黑色颜料对PP树脂粉化时间的影响。结果表明,不同耐高温PP的热氧老化性能存在差异,而组分比、抗氧剂、黑色母或色粉对材料的粉化时间都有显著影响。抗氧体系的存在能够大幅提高材料的粉化时间从而改善其热氧化性能,黑色颜料和抗氧剂共同作用时,抗氧剂在较低温度(160℃)对材料的热氧老化性能起主导作用,而颜料在较高温度(170℃)影响显著。     

长碳纤增强生物基PA56的应用研究

生物基聚酰胺56(PA56)的合成单体戊二胺来源于生物质转化，为部分可再生材料。基于PA56、碳纤(CF)、增韧剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂等，通过熔融浸渍法制备了一系列长碳纤(LCF)增强PA56材料，对材料的力学性能、导电性能、热老化性能进行了系统研究。对比了LCF、短碳纤(SCF)增强PA56材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、缺口冲击性能、表面电阻、热老化性能的差异。结果表明：SCF增强材料韧性不足，添加增韧剂后综合性能改善不明显；相同CF含量下，LCF增强体系的力学性能、导电性能、热老化性能均优于SCF增强体系；适量润滑剂的加入提高了样品中CF保留长度，对LCF增强材料的力学性能、长期热老化性能影响不大，仍可以满足长期耐热应用要求。     

尼龙12回收料的增韧及耐高温热氧老化改性研究

用熔融共混法制备了增韧尼龙12回收料复合材料,并采用热烘箱老化法研究了不同抗氧剂体系对尼龙12回收料及其增韧料高温热氧老化性能的影响。结果表明,增韧剂TA-11可在一定程度上提高尼龙12回收料的耐热氧老化性能,LS-3抗氧体系对增韧尼龙12回收料显示出极其优异的抗热氧老化效能。     

抗氧剂1790对PP管材专用料的加工稳定性及高温热氧老化效能的评价

采用精炼加工、流变试验及长期热氧老化试验方法对抗氧化聚丙烯(PP)体系进行加工稳定性及抗热氧化效能评价,比较了抗氧剂1790及1010对PP动态热剪切老化和静态热氧老化性能的影响。结果表明,抗氧剂1790可以很好地改善PP树脂的加工性能和热稳定性能,添加抗氧剂1790的PP经150℃、2000 h热老化后,拉伸强度保持125%,伸长率保持80%。     

玻纤增强尼龙6材料环境吸湿老化研究

从环境吸湿对尼龙6力学性能影响的角度对增强聚酰胺材料进行老化研究。选用增强尼龙6（PA6）进行一系列加速调湿处理的试验。通过对不同调湿环境下增强尼龙6力学性能的测试,研究环境吸湿对增强尼龙6材料力学性能的影响,并从分子微观结构的变化来分析其机理。通过对增强尼龙材料在自然状态下调湿和加速调湿的比较,确定了增强尼龙材料制品的一个合适的加速调湿的条件,对增强尼龙材料的工业应用提供一个正确的调湿处理方法。     

环境湿度对聚酰胺力学性能的影响及其微观机理探讨

从环境湿度角度对聚酰胺(PA)的力学性能进行了研究。选用PA66进行一系列的有关湿度试验。通过不同湿度环境下与时间相关的力学性能试验,研究了环境湿度对PA66力学性能的影响。发现,在老化初期PA66的力学性能下降,但随着时间的延长,力学性能有所回升,有的甚至略微超过原始性能。同时,也探讨了引起PA性能变化的微观机理。     

高温老化对碳纤维增强双马来酰亚胺树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响研究

本文对国产碳纤维增强双马来酰亚胺树脂复合材料进行了高温老化力学性能测试和分析,通过扫描电子显微镜分析了高温老化对碳纤维／双马复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,老化1000h的力学性能未出现明显下降趋势,纤维与树脂基体粘接牢固,界面完好,该复合材料的高温老化性能优异。     

Synthesis and application of new macromolecular hindered phenol antioxidants of polyamide 6

The two macromolecular antioxidants, P(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid-alt-N-phenylmaleimide) (PCN) and P(3-butene-1-yl-3,5-di-tert-butyl −4-hydroxyphenyl propionate-alt-N-phenylmaleimide) (PPN) were designed and synthesized via free radical copolymerization. The structures of the resulting PCN and PPN antioxidants were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR), and gel permeation chromatography. In addition, the effect of the two macromolecular antioxidants on the thermal oxidation aging resistance of polyamide 6 (PA6) was studied. According to the analysis of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, dynamic viscosity, and the mechanical property of PA6 and its blends, these two types of macromolecular antioxidants protected the molecular chain of PA6 from breaking, protected the crystallization of PA6 and maintained the stability of PA6 crystal form, improved the activation energy of thermal degradation and thermal stability of PA6, enhanced the strength and elasticity of PA6 and maintained the mechanical properties of PA6 during aging to a certain extent.     

Study on the long‐term thermal‐oxidative aging behavior of polyamide 6

The long‐term thermal‐oxidative aging behavior of polyamide 6 (PA6) was studied by comparison with the stabilized sample in this work. The variation of mechanical properties of the pure and the stabilized samples of PA6 with aging time at 110°C, 130°C, and 150°C were investigated, respectively. The aging mechanism of PA6 under heat and oxygen was studied in terms of the reduced viscosity, crystallization behavior, dynamic mechanical behavior, and chemical composition through the methods of polarized light microscopy (PLM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), X‐ray photoelectron energy spectrum (XPS), and so on. The results indicated that at the initial stage of aging, the molecular crosslinking reaction of PA6 dominated resulting in the increase of the mechanical strength, reduced viscosity, and the glass transition temperature of the sample. And the molecular degradation dominated in the subsequent aging process resulting in the decrease of the melting temperature, the increase of the crystallinity, and the formation of the oxides and peroxides products. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Effect of Polyamide 66 on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Post-Industrial Waste Polyamide 6

Post-industrial waste (PIW) polyamide 6 is successfully used in lieu of commercial virgin polyamide 6, in several automotive applications. The presence of polyamide 66 in the final formulation may affect the mechanical and thermal properties of the PIW polyamide 6 materials. Using unreinforced polyamide 6 from PIW and commercial sources, it was found that the addition of polyamide 66 (below 10 wt.%) lowered the crystallization rate and crystallinity level of all polyamide 6 materials. The thermal and mechanical properties of glass fiber (GF) reinforced PIW polyamide 6 compounds with and without polyamide 66 were also studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that reinforced materials without polyamide 66 had a higher level of crystallinity. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that reinforced compounds without polyamide 66 also had a faster storage modulus buildup immediately after injection molding. Reinforced PIW polyamide 6 compounds without polyamide 66 also exhibited higher tensile and higher vibration weld strengths as well as a thicker heat affected zone (HAZ) than those with polyamide 66, leading to the conclusion that polyamide 66 had a detrimental effect on crystallinity level and consequently on the mechanical properties of GF-reinforced PIW polyamide 6 materials.     

Thermal stabilization effect of biphenol monoacrylate on polyamide 6

Biphenol monoacrylate (AL) was combined with a traditional hindered phenolic‐based binary antioxidant system to form a ternary stabilization system for the purpose of further improving the thermal–oxidative stability of polyamide 6 (PA6). The thermal stabilization effect of the antioxidant AL on PA6 was studied in terms of the reduced viscosity, the chemical structure, the yellow index, and the mechanical properties. The results showed that the antioxidant AL, with the proper chemical structure, could improve the thermal stability of PA6 effectively through a unique bifunctional stabilizing mechanism. The interaction of the molecules of PA6 with the antioxidant AL was investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Influence of thermooxidative aging on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of long‐glass‐fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 composites

The static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal behaviors, and morphology of pure long‐glass‐fiber‐reinforced samples [polyamide 6 (PA6)/long glass fiber (LGF)] with different thermal exposure times at 160°C were studied by comparison with stabilized samples in this study. The aging mechanism of the PA6/LGF samples under heat and oxygen was studied with the methods of thermal Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and so on. The results indicate that the static mechanical strength, melting temperature, and crystallization temperature decreased because of the decomposition of the macromolecular chain of PA6 resin and the debonding of the interface between the glass fibers and matrix. The glass‐transition temperature and crystallinity also increased and decreased, respectively, after aging. The macromolecular chain decomposition dominated in the subsequent aging process; this resulted in many sharp and brittle microcracks appearing on the surfaces of the aged samples, as shown by SEM and the FTIR spectra. The existence of stabilizers endowed the PA6/LGF composites with better retention of static and dynamic mechanical properties. The reason was that the metal ions of the copper salt antioxidant acted as an anti‐aging catalyst in the reinforced PA6 system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39594.     

受阻胺抗氧剂对PA6工业丝热氧老化性能的影响

通过尼龙6(PA6)工业丝和添加质量分数0.5%的受阻胺抗氧剂N,N'-二(2-萘基)对苯二胺(DNP)的尼龙6(PA6-DNP)工业丝的热性能和在热氧化过程中的力学性能的对比,研究了DNP对PA6工业丝的性能影响.结果表明:DNP不改变PA6工业丝的熔融温度,但会引起晶型的变化,对在氮气氛围下的热分解影响不大,对氧气...