浅谈如何确立秸秆原料储备战略和科学化收储运模式

在不可再生能源逐渐减少的今天,开发可再生能源利用是国际的大方向。农作物、农林废弃物等的生物质能,作为可再生能源的一种,其开发和利用是可行的。不论生物质发电,还是生物质的其他利用,秸秆原料的保证和科学的收储运模式,是保证生物质能利用的动力。确立良好的秸秆原料储备战略机制,是保证燃料供应的基础;科学化的收储运模式是提高秸秆资源利用的根本,也是保证秸秆发电(即生物质发电)的稳定运营的最基本的环节。     

生物质电站收储运系统在农垦环境下的应用

生物质电厂的燃料收储运系统不同于常规电厂的燃料收储系统,必须结合项目当地作物收获的具体农艺特点制定收储计划。本收储运系统在农垦地区的作物收获后,将秸秆切碎成条状,平铺在垄间并在田间实现捡拾、破碎、打包3道工序一次完成。此方法可简化工序、节约运输成本、大大降低秸秆入厂价格,提高了经济效益,确保了生物质电厂燃料在农垦环境下的有效供应。     

乡镇污水处理厂建设、运营中存在问题及对策

根据在某地8个乡镇污水处理厂的实地调研情况,总结乡镇污水处理厂在建设、运营中存在的问题,详细分析原因并提出相应的对策,以期对污水厂建设单位及运营单位有一定的参考价值.     

我国水电发展存在的主要问题及对策建议

积极促进水电发展,是减缓不可再生资源消耗、保护生态环境、促进经济与社会可持续发展的必然战略选择。本文对我国水电发展存在的主要问题进行了分析,提出了促进我国水电健康有序发展的对策和措施建议。     

原油储运系统中的能耗分析及节能对策

原油储运是保障原油供给和加工炼化的关键环节,原油储运过程中常常伴随着较大的能源消耗,主要有蒸气消耗、电力消耗、燃料消耗等.简要分析了原油储运过程中主要能耗产生的原因,并针对性地探讨了节能降耗措施.在严抓能耗管理,创新设备设施节能技改,优化工艺运行,持续推进节能对策落实,确保原油安全、经济、平稳运行的同时,不断提高运行效...     

新时期中国农田水利存在问题及发展对策

叙述了现阶段中国的农田水利工作当中存在的种种问题以及各方面的不足之处,且从实际的角度出发,对改进方案以及具体的对策方式等进行研究,力求更进一步地加强农田水利工作的质量,为工作的进步打下坚实基础.     

秸秆气化站存在的问题及改进意见

一前言1994年大连市建立了秸秆气化站,对115户农民供应管道燃气;同年,山东桓台也建立了气化站,对94户农民供应管道燃气。从此,拉开了以秸秆为     

当前我省煤矿监控系统存在的问题及对策探讨

结合目前我省煤矿安全监控系统现状,深入分析煤矿监控系统在安装、使用、维护等环节中存在的问题,结合矿山实际,探讨装好、用好、管好煤矿安全监控系统的方式方法.     

工业锅炉节能减排现状、存在问题及对策

十一五期间,降低单位GDP能耗和减少污染排放已经成为政府宏观调控的重点,全国各工业行业力促节能减排战略的实施。就工业锅炉而言,目前节能减排工作缺乏具体方案和目标,现状不容乐观;尤其在运行状况监测诊断、自动调节和控制以及工业锅炉运行科学管理等方面存在诸多问题。文章旨在探讨工业锅炉节能减排现状、存在问题,并提出应对这些问题的对策,希望对工业锅炉节能减排工作有所警示。     

京郊生物质能产业发展现状、存在问题与对策建议

近年来,在"三起来"工程等政府政策、资金、技术支持下,北京郊区生物质能产业发展已初具规模,改善了农村居民生活条件、能源消费结构和生态环境。但是,在生物质能产业的具体实践中,仍然存在一些问题制约其持续健康发展。文章对京郊生物质能产业发展现状,不同生物质能利用模式的共性问题、具体技术问题分别作了阐述,提出了促进京郊生物质能产业持续健康发展的对策建议。     

Control strategies for a photovoltaic--Energy storage hybrid system

受光照,温度等自然条件影响,光伏电源输出有功功率具有较大的波动性.因此,本身既非恒压源又非恒流源的光伏电源并网运行时会产生一系列问题,如对电网冲击性大,需增加旋转备用容量,难以参与电网调度等.利用电池储能系统来控制有功功率输出,可以使平滑光伏电源功率波动成为可能.研究了光储联合发电系统的运行模式,提出了适用于光储联合发电系统的拓扑结构和控制策略,并对储能用功率转换系统(PCS)进行了分析和设计,最后基于某光伏电站的实际历史运行数据,对所提出的方案进行仿真研究,仿真结果验证了光储联合发电系统控制策略的有效性和可行性,为光储联合运行示范工程提供了一定的理论依据和有力借鉴.     

A model for latent heat energy storage systems

In this study, a theoretical approach is proposed for the prediction of time and temperature during the heat charge and discharge in the latent heat storage of phase changed materials (PCM). By the use of the average values of the mean specific heat capacities for the phase‐changed materials, analytical solutions are obtained and compared with the available experimental data in the literature. It is shown that decreasing the entry temperature of the working fluid from ?4 to ?15°C has a very dominant and strong effect on the PCM solidification time. The effect of the working fluid flow rate and the material of PCM capsules on the time for complete solidification and total charging is also investigated. The agreement between the present theoretical model results and the experimental data related to the cooling using small spheres and the heat storage using rectangle containers is very good. The largest difference between the present results and the experimental data becomes about 10% when the fluid temperature approaches the phase change temperature at high temperatures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A comprehensive review on energy management strategies of hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles

The attention on green and clean technology innovations is highly demanded of a modern era. Transportation has seen a high rate of growth in today's cities. The conventional internal combustion engine‐operated vehicle liberates gasses like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and water, which result in the increased surface temperature of the earth. One of the optimum solutions to overcome fossil fuel degrading and global warming is electric vehicle. The challenging aspect in electric vehicle is its energy storage system. Many of the researchers mainly concentrate on the field of storage device cost reduction, its age increment, and energy densities' improvement. This paper explores an overview of an electric propulsion system composed of energy storage devices, power electronic converters, and electronic control unit. The battery with high‐energy density and ultracapacitor with high‐power density combination paves a way to overcome the challenges in energy storage system. This study aims at highlighting the various hybrid energy storage system configurations such as parallel passive, active, battery–UC, and UC–battery topologies. Finally, energy management control strategies, which are categorized in global optimization, are reviewed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Low voltage ride-through strategies for doubly fed induction machine pumped storage system under grid faults

Pumped storage units bring stability to the electrical power system, so they must remain connected to the grid even during grid faults. In this paper, the authors propose efficient and simple solutions for a doubly fed induction machine pumped storage (DFIMPS) system during grid faults. In case of balanced grid faults, a control reconfiguration strategy is introduced and a hardware solution is applied in the case of unbalanced grid faults. The reconfiguration strategy consists of a commutation between different control strategies; when a balanced grid voltage fault occurs during pumping mode, the control algorithm switches to the synchronization one but based on the new grid conditions. So the proposed reconfiguration method reduces the negative impacts of grid fault occurrence on the DFIMPS system by cancelling rotor and stator over-currents and decreasing the electromagnetic torque and stator power oscillations. Simulation results carried out on a 4 kW DFIMPS system illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

飞轮储能技术及关键问题解决措施

飞轮储能具有大储能、高效率、无污染、长寿命及可实现连续工作等一系列优点,是一种具有极高研究价值和广阔的未来应用前景的新型储能技术,已受到社会的普遍关注(包括科技界、企业界),成为国际上在能源方面的热点。对飞轮储能的原理、工作模式和五个关键技术进行了较全面的阐述,指出了飞轮储能存在的关键问题(解决安全性、提高储能效率、降低成本及研究过程中制定模型的仿真方案问题)及解决对策,为进一步研究提供参考。     

Performance model for parabolic trough solar thermal power plants with thermal storage: Comparison to operating plant data

This paper describes a simulation model that reproduces the performance of parabolic trough solar thermal power plants with a thermal storage system. The aim of this model is to facilitate the prediction of the electricity output of these plants during the various stages of their planning, design, construction and operation. Model results for a 50 MW_e power plant are presented and compared to real data from an equivalent power plant currently operated by the ACS Industrial Group in Spain.     

可再生能源发电制绿氢和氢能储运技术现状与发展分析

氢能已纳入我国能源发展战略。绿氢作为一种绿色二次能源,能够助推实现“双碳”目标。氢气制备和储运是氢能产业链的关键环节。重点阐述了电解水制绿氢和氢能储运的技术类型与发展现状,并对其应用前景和发展趋势进行了分析;提出氢气生产成本和储运方式是限制氢大规模部署的主要技术瓶颈;最后为传统电力企业进入绿氢制备和储运产业提供了一些思考和建议。     

Systems modeling,simulation and material operating requirements for chemical hydride based hydrogen storage

Research on ammonia borane (AB, NH₃BH₃) has shown it to be a promising material for chemical hydride based hydrogen storage. AB was selected by DOE’s Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of Excellence (HSECoE) as the initial chemical hydride of study because of its high hydrogen storage capacity (up to ∼16% by weight for the release of ∼2.5 M equivalents of hydrogen gas) and its stability under typical ambient conditions. Another promising candidate is alane, AlH₃ (10.1% by weight). Materials operating requirements to use chemical hydrides for vehicle onboard storage are discussed. A flow-through system concept based on augers, ballast tank, hydrogen heat exchanger and H₂ burner was designed and implemented in simulation. In this design, the chemical hydride material was assumed to produce H₂ in the auger itself, thus minimizing the size of ballast tank and reactor. One dimensional models based on conservation of mass, species and energy were used to predict important state variables such as reactant and product concentrations, temperatures of various components, flow rates, along with pressure, in various components of the storage system. Various subsystem components in the models were coded as ‘C’ language S-functions and implemented in Matlab/Simulink. Steady state simulation results for all the three candidate materials (solid AB, liquid AB and alane) were presented to show the proof of concept, whereas the drive cycle simulations were discussed only for solid AB using the fuel cell H₂ demand for four different US drive cycles. Conditional logic based controllers that control the material flow rate into the reactor and to control the H₂ fed to the burner were developed and implemented in drive cycle simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed system meets most of the 2010 DOE targets, and is well above the required > 40% of the DOE targets for fill time, well-to-powerplant efficiency, and volumetric and gravimetric density.     

A critical review on the current technologies for the generation,storage, and transportation of hydrogen

Hydrogen production, storage, and transportation are the key issues to be addressed to realize a so-called clean and sustainable hydrogen economy. Various production methods, storage methods, and hydrogen transportations have been listed in the literature, along with their limitations. Therefore, to summarize the state of the art of these proposed technologies, a detailed discussion on hydrogen production, storage, and transportation is presented in this review. Also, to discuss the recent advancements of these methods including, hydrogen production, storage, and transportation on their kinetics, cyclic behavior, toxicity, pressure, thermal response, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, new techniques such as ball milling, ultrasonic irradiation, ultrasonication, alloying, additives, cold rolling, alloying, and plasma metal reaction have been highlighted to address those drawbacks.Furthermore, the development of modern hydrogen infrastructure (reliability, safety, and low cost) is needed to scale up hydrogen delivery. This review summarizes promising techniques to enhance kinetic hydrogen production, storage, and transportation. Nevertheless, the search for the materials is still far from meeting the aimed target for production, storage, and transportation application. Therefore, more investigations are needed to identify promising areas for future H₂ production, storage, and transportation developments.     

Hydrogen carriers: Production,transmission, decomposition,and storage

Recognizing the potential role of liquid hydrogen carriers in overcoming the inherent limitations in transporting and storing gaseous and liquid hydrogen, a complete production and use scenario is postulated and analyzed for perspective one-way and two-way carriers. The carriers, methanol, ammonia and toluene/MCH (methylcyclohexane), are produced at commercially viable scales in a central location, transmitted by rail or pipelines for 2000 miles, and decomposed near city gates to generate fuel-cell quality hydrogen for distribution to refueling stations. In terms of the levelized cost of H₂ distributed to the stations, methanol is less expensive to produce ($1.22/kg-H₂) than MCH ($1.35/kg-H₂) or ammonia ($2.20/kg-H₂). Levelized train transmission cost is smaller for methanol ($0.63/kg-H₂) than ammonia ($1.29/kg-H₂) or toluene/MCH system ($2.07/kg-H₂). Levelized decomposition cost is smaller for ammonia ($0.30–1.06/kg-H₂) than MCH ($0.54–1.22/kg-H₂) or methanol ($0.43–1.12/kg-H₂). Over the complete range of demand investigated, 10–350 tpd-H₂, the levelized cost of H₂ distributed to stations is aligned as methanol « ammonia ~ MCH. With pipelines at much larger scale, 6000 tpd-H₂, the levelized cost decreases by ~1 $/kg-H₂ for ammonia and MCH and much less for methanol. Methanol is a particularly attractive low-risk carrier in the transition phase with lower than 50-tpd H₂ demand.