基于多通道Gabor滤波和特征融合的虹膜识别方法

多通道Gabor滤波器提取的虹膜特征具有冗余信息并存在部分非有效特征,针对此问题提出了改进方法。对同尺度不同方向的Gabor特征,利用幅值信息进行融合,对融合后特征进行相位编码,并运用海明距离匹配。这样,既保证了高识别性能,又将虹膜特征码压缩为传统方法的1／2,可提高匹配速度,并节约存储空间。还提出一种虹膜图像质量评价方法,可有效鉴别不适于识别的低质量虹膜图像。在CASIA和UBIRIS虹膜库的实验结果表明该方法是有效的。     

Iris segmentation using an edge detector based on fuzzy sets theory and cellular learning automata

Iris-based biometric systems identify individuals based on the characteristics of their iris, since they are proven to remain unique for a long time. An iris recognition system includes four phases, the most important of which is preprocessing in which the iris segmentation is performed. The accuracy of an iris biometric system critically depends on the segmentation system. In this paper, an iris segmentation system using edge detection techniques and Hough transforms is presented. The newly proposed edge detection system enhances the performance of the segmentation in a way that it performs much more efficiently than the other conventional iris segmentation methods.     

基于边缘识别的虹膜定位算法

为了提高虹膜定位算法的抗干扰能力,本文提出了一种基于虹膜边缘识别的虹膜定位算法.该算法应用图像几何矩函数提取虹膜内外边缘的特征,通过由支持向量机(SVM)训练的分类器进行虹膜边缘点的识别.最后由Hough变换对识别的结果进行参数求解并实现虹膜的定位.本算法经过了CASIA虹膜图形库的实验验证,仿真实验数据表明所提算法不仅具有较快的定位速度和较高的定位成功率,而且性能稳定.     

Self-organizing maps for pattern recognition in design of alloys

A combined experimental–computational methodology for accelerated design of AlNiCo-type permanent magnetic alloys is presented with the objective of simultaneously extremizing several magnetic properties. Chemical concentrations of eight alloying elements were initially generated using a quasi-random number generator so as to achieve a uniform distribution in the design variable space. It was followed by manufacture and experimental evaluation of these alloys using an identical thermo-magnetic protocol. These experimental data were used to develop meta-models capable of directly relating the chemical composition with desired macroscopic properties of the alloys. These properties were simultaneously optimized to predict chemical compositions that result in improvement of properties. These data were further utilized to discover various correlations within the experimental dataset by using several concepts of artificial intelligence. In this work, an unsupervised neural network known as self-organizing maps was used to discover various patterns reported in the literature. These maps were also used to screen the composition of the next set of alloys to be manufactured and tested in the next iterative cycle. Several of these Pareto-optimized predictions out-performed the initial batch of alloys. This approach helps significantly reducing the time and the number of alloys needed in the alloy development process.     

Pattern recognition of messily grown nanowire morphologies applying multi-layer connected self-organized feature maps

Multi-layer connected self-organizing feature maps (SOFMs) and the associated learning procedure were proposed to achieve efficient recognition and clustering of messily grown nanowire morphologies. The network is made up by several paratactic 2-D SOFMs with inter-layer connections. By means of Monte Carlo simulations, virtual morphologies were generated to be the training samples. With the unsupervised inner-layer and inter-layer learning, the neural network can cluster different morphologies of messily grown nanowires and build connections between the morphological microstructure and geometrical features of nanowires within. Then, the as-proposed networks were applied on recognitions and quantitative estimations of the experimental morphologies. Results show that the as-trained SOFMs are able to cluster the morphologies and recognize the average length and quantity of the messily grown nanowires within. The inter-layer connections between winning neurons on each competitive layer have significant influence on the relations between the microstructure of the morphology and physical parameters of the nanowires within.     

基于分段移位的虹膜匹配算法

对于某些虹膜成像装置,同一个虹膜不同次成像的虹膜纹理可能会发生偏移,这种偏移有可能导致虹膜特征编码的偏移,从而直接影响虹膜的特征匹配结果.本文通过对归一化虹膜图像中导致虹膜纹理偏移的影响因素进行了分析,发现这种偏移是有规律的,并针对这种变化规律,提出了一种特征编码分段移位匹配的方法.实验结果表明,本文所提出的方法能够显著降低同一个虹膜不同次成像纹理偏移的特征匹配相异度.     

基于区域灰度变化的虹膜识别

为了提高虹膜识别的效率和准确性,对虹膜识别进行了深入研究,提出了一种基于区域灰度变化的虹膜识别方法.图像预处理得到归一化的虹膜图像,根据虹膜纹理尺度的不同,采用椭圆形高斯滤波器对虹膜图像进行滤波,均匀选取采样点,计算每个采样点附近的区域灰度值,利用序数测度的方法对特征编码,最后通过两个虹膜编码之间的海明距来判断两者之间的差异程度,得到识别结果.本文算法选用Bath 大学虹膜库和CASIA 虹膜库进行了验证实验,等错率分别达到0.05%和0.69%.结果表明,该算法具有很好的准确性和识别速度.     

基于圆弧逼近的虹膜定位方法

在虹膜识别系统中,如何提高虹膜定位的速度和精度是急需解决的重要问题.针对虹膜边缘图像中的圆形局部畸变的情况,在虹膜定位中,采用圆弧逼近的方法,第1步进行圆弧参数的分段拟合,第2步进行圆弧参数动态聚类,完成虹膜的内边缘定位,在内边缘定位的基础上,实现虹膜外边缘定位.实验结果表明,在同等情况下,比基于J.D圆探测算法和Hough变换算法的虹膜定位速度快,精度高.     

基于小范围边缘区域搜索的虹膜定位算法

提出了一种基于小范围边缘区域搜索的虹膜定位算法.首先,利用瞳孔的灰度特征对虹膜图像进行二值化及形态学处理,结合对原虹膜图像的Sobel检测结果得到部分虹膜内边界;然后利用Canny算子结合虹膜的几何特征划分出一小范围的外边缘待搜索区域.在待搜索区域中,利用本文根据大量实验提出的虹膜外边界五个特征来确定部分虹膜外边界,最后用最小二乘法来进行内外边界的拟合,从而定位虹膜.实验结果表明,该算法性能稳定,搜索范围小,定位速度大幅提高,且对不同质量的虹膜图像均取得很好的定位效果.     

基于图像抽样的快速虹膜定位算法

提出了一种基于图像抽样的快速虹膜定位算法.首先在抽样图像中搜索瞳孔内一点,并以该点为起点检测粗略的虹膜内边缘点,然后在原分辨力图像中利用梯度算子精确定位内边缘点从而实现内边缘定位;虹膜外边缘定位采用Canny算子和Hough变换实现,由于基于抽样图像进行边缘提取,忽略了虹膜纹理等细节边缘信息,减少了大量外边缘干扰,提高了算法实时性.实验结果表明该算法的定位准确率达到99.47%,定位速度为0.162s.与经典的虹膜定位算法相比,该算法的定位速度有了很大提高.     

一种改进的虹膜定位方法

本文针对原有基于结构特征的虹膜定位方法提出一种有效的改进方法.本方法主要针对定位容易出现错误的外边界,利用虹膜的结构特征和数学手段,对得到的虹膜外边界点进行验证,必要时通过计算得到准确的外边界点.这样本方法解决了原有方法在眼睑和眼毛对虹膜的遮挡比较严重的情况下难以准确定位的问题.对已有的1200幅虹膜图像(图像大小为640x480)组成的虹膜数据库进行实验,本文算法定位准确率达到99.08%,平均定位时间仅为0.8s,实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

一种新的虹膜识别算法研究

目的 为了提高虹膜识别的速度和可靠性。方法 根据虹膜识别的特征,提出了虹膜自动身份识别的一种新的算法和虹膜像几何畸变的校正方法。结果 用相关系数来测度图像的匹配结果,证实了该算法是有效的。结论 用本文的算法进行的大量抽样实验显示了主这种算法的正确性和可靠性。     

Contactless Autofeedback Iris Capture Design

Automated iris recognition is one of the most reliable biometrics in terms of identification and verification performance. One of the major challenges for automated iris recognition is to capture a high-quality image of the iris since system performance is greatly affected by poor-quality imaging. This paper describes the design and implementation of a high-quality imaging device for iris acquisition, which consists of the following four parts: 1) capture unit; 2) illumination unit; 3) feedback unit; and 4) pitching outfit. Using the proposed device for iris acquisition, it is feasible to obtain real-time, high-quality iris images, given the fact that it is also user friendly. Recognition experiments in an iris database that contains 6550 images captured by the new device are also presented in this paper.     

多特征模糊推理的虹膜识别算法

为了更加完备地描述虹膜的纹理特征,利用虹膜图像灰度信息提取局部特征点、局部纹理方向和局部纹理的亮暗变化三种特征共同构成纹理的特征空间,克服了之前的多数虹膜识别算法提取单一特征易受干扰影响的局限性.然后,通过设计的模糊推理规则进行模式的分类,这种分段线性分类器的设计提高了算法线性分类的能力.分别在两个图库上进行了实验,识别率分别达到99.41%和99.67%,实验数据表明:结合多种特征能较好的反映虹膜的纹理变化特征,提高了虹膜识别的正确率,使算法具有非常优越的识别性能.     

一种新颖的虹膜图像预处理方法

本文提出了一种新颖的虹膜图像预处理方法,该方法打破了传统的定位思想,并且将噪声检测的过程由空间域转到频域来完成.首先,在原始图像上填充瞳孔内的光斑;其次,将人眼图像展开成矩形,在矩形图像上以点线检测代替传统的圆检测确定虹膜的内外边界,并进行归一化;最后在归一化后的虹膜图像上利用2D-Galbor滤波器的方向选择性检测眼毛和眼睑,标记干扰区域.实验证明,该方法可以解决内边界不是理想圆造成的瞳孔遗留或纹理损失问题,而且显著降低了虹膜定位时间,提高了虹膜识别的准确性.     

应用于虹膜采集装置的自动对焦算法

针对自动虹膜图像采集装置的成像特点,本文提出了一种新的基于对焦深度法的自动对焦算法.该算法根据自动虹膜相机小景深的特点,提出应用图像的ULFM作为清晰度评价函数,并采用粗对焦和精确对焦相结合的二级对焦策略.实际虹膜图像采集系统实验结果表明,算法精度高、鲁棒性强、实时性好,在被摄人距离镜头0.5～2m的情况下,系统都能够准确地拍摄到清晰的可供识别的虹膜图像,一次对焦成功率大于95%.     

虹膜纹理的空间频率特性

在虹膜预处理时首先将定位后的虹膜均分8层,然后每层虹膜采用不同的标准分别进行归一化,将虹膜展开为阶梯状,改善了传统归一化造成的图像数据重复或缺漏.利用2DGabor函数的频率选择性,分别在不同的空间频率段上提取虹膜图像特征并进行识别,通过对不同频段上的识别结果进行比较,获得了虹膜纹理的空间频率特性.实验结果表明,在空间频率为0.005～0.04的频段上,能够有效提取可用于识别的虹膜纹理特征,高效率实现虹膜识别;而在低于0.005和高于0.04的频率区间提取的特征主要为图像噪声,无法有效识别虹膜.     

基于Kaiser滤波及噪声抑制优化的虹膜识别

针对Gabor滤波器在数据截断时存在频谱泄露而使滤波通道边缘模糊的现象,本文利用适应性强且性能灵活可调的Kaiser函数,构造具有频率和方向选择性、且边缘清晰的Kaiser滤波通道,提取虹膜频率特征.通过对提取的特征进行幅值分段分析,发现虹膜特征存在一个有效特征阈值L,幅值高于L的特征能够有效识别虹膜,而幅值低于L的特征为不相关噪声.采用噪声抑制优化,对噪声特征设置相位无效码,可以优化海明距离,提高同类虹膜的正确匹配率.实验表明:与Gabor滤波方法相比,本文基于Kaiser滤波的优化方法将虹膜的正确识别率由98.6%提高到99.9%,而且在锚误接受率(EAR)为0的情况下,具有更低的错误拒绝率(ERR).