MBR回收处理含油废水的应用

针对含油废水特点,探讨了选择膜生物反应器法处理的可行性,着重介绍了膜生物反应器的发展和应用情况,总结了膜生物反应器在深度处理的优势,并对膜生物反应器法回收含油废水在实际应用中存在的问题进行了分析,提出了其在含油废水处理中的改进建议。     

中水处理新技术——气升循环分体式平板膜生物反应器

本文通过与传统处理工艺的比较,介绍了膜生物反应器技术在中水处理领域的优势;通过与常规分体式膜生物反应器和一体式膜生物反应器技术的比较,展示了气升循环分体式膜生物反应器技术的优势;通过与中空纤维帘式膜组件各方面性能的比较,明确了平板膜生物反应器技术的优势;通过实际工程的运行数据,说明了气升循环分体式平板膜生物反应器中水处理领域中的优势。     

复合膜生物反应器处理生活污水的特性

通过对投加填料的膜生物反应器处理生活污水的特性进行了系统的研究 ,研究结果表明投加填料的膜生物反应器的上清液及系统出水COD浓度低于不加填料的 ;反应器稳定运行后膜的通透性随运行时间的延长而缓慢下降 ,且较投加填料前明显增大 ;反应器中 ,附着相和悬浮相污泥共存 ,并以附着生长的微生物为主 ,悬浮污泥浓度低可以有效的减缓膜过滤阻力的上升和膜的堵塞 .维持反应器内总污泥浓度较高的条件下 ,使随混合液进入膜分离的悬浮污泥量保持很低 ,减少了其对膜的通透能力的影响 .     

两种组合工艺处理渗滤液的对比研究

为探索有效的垃圾渗滤液处理工艺,本文对采用生化一物化组合工艺、中试试验采用膜生物反应器一纳滤组合工艺进行对比研究,主要研究成果如下:经生化一物化组合工艺处理后出水能达到生活垃圾渗滤液排放限值的三级标准;膜生物反应器-纳滤组合工艺处理出水稳定,达到生活垃圾渗滤液排放限值的一级标准.膜生物反应器-纳滤组合工艺可用于垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理,具有一定的指导作用和工程实用价值.     

BAF/MBR组合工艺处理城镇污水的效能

采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)与好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)联用工艺处理城镇污水,并在膜生物反应器内投加硫酸亚铁进行化学除磷。结果表明,系统出水的COD、NH+4-N、TN、TP平均值分别为8、0.3、7.5、0.2 mg/L,优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准。在回流比为200%时曝气生物滤池的处理效果最好,BAF对NH+4-N、TN的平均去除率分别为86%、64%;在MBR中投加硫酸亚铁进行同步化学除磷,与静态化学除磷相比平均减少投药量达66.7%,且对膜污染不会造成显著影响。     

膜生物反应器的工程应用进展

指出膜生物反应器被视为“最佳实用技术”,在污水回用处理和工业废水处理方面有其显著的优势,对其工程应用进展进行了综述,并展望了未来发展和今后的研究方向,以推广膜生物反应器的应用。     

加填料的膜生物反应器处理效能研究

在膜生物反应器中投加泡沫填料可使反应器内的悬浮生物量降低到2440mg／L，减轻了对膜组件的污染，而反应器内的总生物量仍能保持在较高水平。此反应器对污水中氨氮的处理效果优于普通膜生物反应器，出水水质良好，达到了国家生活杂用水的要求。     

投加悬浮填料对平板膜生物反应器性能的影响

考察了平板膜生物反应器在同一运行工况下投加悬浮填料前后对生活污水中CODCr、NH3-N、TN、TP、色度及浊度的去除效果,探讨了投加悬浮填料对该反应器运行的影响。研究结果表明,投加悬浮填料后反应器对各指标的去除率均有所提高,尤其是TN、TP的去除效率提高明显,运行稳定性也有所提升。由此可见,投加悬浮填料能改善平板膜生物反应器对生活污水的处理效果和稳定性。     

膜生物反应器在脱氮除磷方面的应用研究

膜生物反应器是近年新发展起来的高效污水处理工艺。文章重点介绍了膜生物反应器的脱氮除磷工艺:单一反应器间歇曝气膜生物反应器工艺和A/O形式的膜生物反应器工艺。总结了国内外研究的工艺特点、技术参数和处理效果,分析了技术参数、运行方式对处理效果的影响。另外论述了膜生物反应器中的微生物技术,指出了MBR工艺的发展方向。     

膜生物反应器填料上微生物特性及其处理效果

在膜生物反应器中（MBR）加入泡沫填料,研究了MBR中微生物的作用机理及投加填料对反应器处理效果的影响.结果表明：填料的加入丰富了反应器的生物种类,提高了反应器的处理能力和稳定性,在填料的表面及内部形成了好氧层、过渡层和厌氧层,填料上特有的后生动物和厌氧细菌强化了对难降解有机物的分解;当反应器未加填料时MLSS值稳定,加入填料后附着其上的微生物不断生长、增殖,悬浮生物由于食料竟争而被抑制,致使MLSS值降低,缓解了膜组件的污染;填料内部出现的厌氧反硝化细菌把硝酸盐还原成亚硝酸盐和氮气,促进了氨氮的分解.     

Effect of intermittent aeration on the microbial community structure of activated sludge in a submerged membrane bioreactor

Low removal rate for total nitrogen (TN) is the main limitation of a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The effects of intermittent aeration on the removal of TN and the microbial community structure of activated sludge from a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) operating at three different aeration on/off times (run 1, continuous aeration; run 2, 60/60 min aeration on/off time; and run 3, 60/75 min aeration on/off time) were studied. The results showed that the removal rates for TN under different operation conditions were 26.2% (run 1), 59.5% (run 2) and 70.7% (run 3), respectively, and significant improvements were achieved. Monounsaturated phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and saturated PLFAs were dominant PLFA types in activated sludge, followed by branched PLFAs; cyclopropane fatty acid were relatively small in amount. The highest ratio of the characteristic fatty acid representing the abundance of bacteria in activated sludge was found in run 2. Aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant groups under all three operation conditions, followed by the anaerobic bacteria and the Gram‐positive bacteria group; sulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) and other anaerobic bacteria occupied the lowest proportion. Intermittent aeration can be used as a possible means to improve the treatment performance in an MBR.     

水解酸化/MBR工艺处理混合污水的中试研究

将膜生物反应器与脱氮除磷工艺相结合,建立水解酸化/好氧MBR中试装置,针对以精细化工废水和造纸废水为主的市政混合污水进行处理,系统考察了工艺的运行情况和处理效果.结果表明,在进水COD为335～941 mg/L、NH3-N为11.1～28.7 mg/L、TN为31.2～38.6mg/L、TP为1.0～17.4 mg/L的条件下,当系统水力停留时间约为48 h时,对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为87.1%、91.0%、61.2%和93.7%.其中,出水NH3-N、TN和TP浓度均可达到GB 18918-2002的一级B标准;由于污水中难降解有机物的含量较高,导致出水COD浓度不能稳定达标,对此可在系统后设物化处理单元加以解决.     

MBR工艺在西安经开草滩污水处理厂中的应用

西安经开草滩污水处理厂设计规模为20×10⁴m³/d,设计出水水质为《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中的一级A标准,出水一部分排放至渭河,另一部分进入回用管网。因本项目规划用地仅10 hm²左右,且出水标准要求高,因此最终确定采用MBR工艺,工艺流程为预处理+A²O+MBR+接触消毒。吨水占地约0. 399 m²/m³,平均吨水能耗约0. 37k W·h/m³。污水厂实际运行结果表明,出水水质优于设计标准,且MBR工艺与AVS精确曝气技术的结合切实解决了用地紧张、出水水质要求高、耐高负荷水质水量冲击等问题,降低了MBR工艺运行成本。     

MBR工艺处理机场污水并回用

为实现污水的资源化,青岛流亭机场采用以MBR为主体的工艺处理排放污水。该工艺较传统的MBR工艺增设了缺氧段,具有良好的脱氮效果。一年多的运行表明,该系统运行稳定、维护费用低,出水水质优良,可用作生活杂用水。     

电解絮凝/水解酸化/MBR工艺处理印染废水

某印染有限公司采用以电解絮凝/水解酸化/MBR为主体的工艺处理印染废水。处理规模为5 000 m3/d。运行实践表明,整套装置运行稳定,出水水质符合《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 4287—92)的一级标准。     

MBR处理印染废水的膜污染及清洗研究

膜生物反应器（MBR）是一种新型反应器，处理印染废水时除污效果很显著，但长时间的运行会造成膜的严重污染，为此对A／OMBR（厌氧—膜生物反应器）处理印染废水时的膜污染情况和清洗效果做了研究。结果表明，膜污染主要是由膜表面凝胶层造成的；化学清洗的效果优于物理清洗（化学清洗能恢复膜通量约90％以上，而物理清洗仅能恢复膜通量约70％）；NaOH的清洗效果优于NaOCl。     

Fate of antibiotics in activated sludge followed by ultrafiltration (CAS-UF) and in a membrane bioreactor (MBR)

The fates of several macrolide, sulphonamide, and trimethoprim antibiotics contained in the raw sewage of the Tel-Aviv wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were investigated after the sewage was treated using either a full-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) system coupled with a subsequent ultrafiltration (UF) step or a pilot membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. Antibiotics removal in the MBR system, once it achieved stable operation, was 15-42% higher than that of the CAS system. This advantage was reduced to a maximum of 20% when a UF was added to the CAS. It was hypothesized that the contribution of membrane separation (in both systems) to antibiotics removal was due either to sorption to biomass (rather than improvement in biodegradation) or to enmeshment in the membrane biofilm (since UF membrane pores are significantly larger than the contaminant molecules). Batch experiments with MBR biomass showed a markedly high potential for sorption of the tested antibiotics onto the biomass. Moreover, methanol extraction of MBR biomass released significant amounts of sorbed antibiotics. This finding implies that more attention must be devoted to the management of excess sludge.     

射流曝气MBR工艺处理城市污水的研究

传统膜生物反应器(MBR)的能耗较大、运行费用较高,为此开发了射流曝气MBR工艺。采用其处理某开发区污水,在进水COD为60～300 mg/L、氨氮为3～30 mg/L、总磷为0.8～5 mg/L、水力停留时间为2 h的条件下,出水COD、氨氮、总磷的平均值分别为25、1.27、1.66 mg/L,平均去除率分别为84%、93%、46%。反应器采用射流曝气方式,提高了氧的转移效率,大幅降低了能耗,与常规MBR相比则节能达70%。近一年的运行表明,射流曝气对膜丝的正常工作没有任何影响,其清洗周期保持不变。     

Membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment - a viable option to reduce the amount of polar pollutants discharged into surface waters?

The potential of a lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) to remove polar pollutants from municipal wastewater was studied for industrial and household chemicals over a period of 22 months parallel to a conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatment. For half of the compounds, such as benzotriazole, 5-tolyltriazole (5-TTri), benzothiazole-2-sulfonate and 1,6-naphthalene disulfonate (1,6-NDSA), removal by MBR was significantly better than in CAS, while no improvement was recorded for the other half (1,5-NDSA, 1,3-NDSA, 4-TTri and naphthalene-1-sulfonate). The influence of operational conditions on trace pollutant removal by MBR was studied but no significant effects were found for variation of hydraulic retention time (7h-14h) and sludge retention time (26d-102d), suggesting that the lowest values selected have already been high enough for good removal. It is shown that the seemingly inconsistent results reported here and in previous studies regarding the comparison of trace pollutant removal in MBR and CAS are highly consistent. MBR is neither superior for well degradable compounds that are already extensively degraded in CAS treatment nor for recalcitrant compounds that are not amenable to biodegradation. For most compounds of intermediate removal in CAS treatment (15-80%), among them pharmaceuticals, personal care products and industrial chemicals, the MBR is clearly superior and reduces the effluent concentration by 20-50%. Despite of this clear benefit of MBR, the effect is not pronounced enough to serve as a sole argument for employing MBR in municipal wastewater treatment.     

膜生物反应器在全球的市场现状与工程应用

膜生物反应器(Membrane Bioreactor,MBR)的显著优势使其在城市污水和工业废水的处理和回用方面成为一种很有竞争力的选择,并被视为"最佳实用技术(Best Available Technolo-gy)",工程数量和处理规模快速增加与扩大.对MBR的全球市场现状进行调研,总结了MBR的工程应用,并展望了MBR的未来.