过氧化氢环境下1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢与不同陶瓷配副的摩擦学行为

本文研究了ZrO_2, Si₃N₄ 和SiC三种陶瓷配副对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在90%的H₂O₂溶液中摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在该环境下的摩擦学性能受配副的影响明显。 与ZrO₂对磨,发生了粘着行为,导致了大的摩擦系数(0.17~0.27)和最高的1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢磨损量。与SiC对磨,发生了氧化和水解反应,形成的胶体膜起到了润滑作用,导致了小的摩擦系数(0.035)和最低的1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢磨损量。粘着行为和水解反应均发生于1Cr18Ni9Ti/Si₃N₄的磨损过程中,粘着与保护膜的耦合,导致了复杂的摩擦系数。对于配副,ZrO₂的磨损体积最大,SiC次之,Si₃N₄表面有粘着层,因此磨损体积最小。     

Ni含量对镍钛合金的力学和摩擦学性能的影响

本文通过机械合金化和放电等离子烧结法(SPS)在1000 ℃制备具有不同Ni含量的镍钛合金,采用显微硬度仪研究不同Ni含量NiTi合金的显微硬度变化规律,通过摩擦磨损试验机和万能试验机研究NiTi合金室温摩擦学性能和力学性能,采用三维白光轮廓仪扫描磨痕形貌并计算NiTi合金的磨损体积和磨损率,采用扫描电子显微镜研究磨损表面形貌。结果表明：通过球磨和SPS制备的NiTi合金组织均匀,在镍含量低于50 wt. %时,显微组织中只有NiTi相和NiTi₂相,镍含量高于50 wt. %时,显微组织中只有NiTi相和Ni₃Ti相。Ni含量为50 wt. %时可以显著提高NiTi合金的显微硬度,随着镍含量增加NiTi合金的抗压强度降低,Ni含量为55 wt. %时可以显著改善NiTi合金的摩擦学性能,其主要磨损机理是磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

NiCrFeAl/h-BN.SiO2可磨耗封严涂层抗冲刷性能研究

利用METCO 6P-Ⅱ火焰喷涂制备NiCrFeAl/h-BN.SiO₂可磨耗封严涂层,采用SiO₂对NiCrFeAl/h-BN进行改性,改善涂层的可磨耗性。采用不同氧气/乙炔流量比(氧燃比)制备可磨耗封严涂层,并对涂层抗冲刷性能进行评价。结果显示：NiCrFeAl在喷涂过程中熔化并包覆h-BN和SiO₂粒子;随氧燃比的升高,金属相熔化更加充分,h-BN和SiO₂粒子在涂层中分布的均匀性提高,涂层表面洛氏硬度由50.8 HR15Y提高到70.3 HR15Y,结合强度升高;涂层冲刷后形貌表现出粘着磨损和磨粒磨损特征,冲刷表面粗糙度随氧燃比升高而降低,金属相对非金属相的充分包裹提高了涂层的内聚力,涂层质量损失降低,抗冲刷性能提高。     

煤油流量对NiCrBSi-CrSi2涂层微观结构及高温磨损性能的影响

在12CrMoVG基体上通过超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术,分别采用不同煤油流量制备了NiCrBSi-CrSi₂复合涂层。利用 XRD、SEM、EDS、Raman、维氏显微硬度计、电子拉伸试验机和高温旋转式摩擦磨损试验机分别表征了不同煤油流量下涂层物相、组织结构、力学性能和高温摩擦磨损性能。结果表明: 不同煤油流量涂层的物相组成基本相同,均有γ-Ni、Ni₃B、Cr₂B、CrSi₂和Cr₅Si₃,但随着煤油流量升高,涂层中的CrSi₂和Cr₂B的部分会分别转变为Cr₅Si₃和CrB相。涂层显微硬度和结合强度随着煤油流量的升高均呈现先增后减的趋势,孔隙率和磨损率表现出先减后增的趋势。当煤油流量为30 L/h时,粉末熔融效果最好,涂层的孔隙率最低为0.17 %,显微硬度较高达到569 HV_0.3,结合强度较高为59 MPa,磨损率最低为2.84×10_-14 m₃^/(N.m)。磨痕表面产生的 Cr₂O₃、SiO₂和NiCr₂O₄等氧化物以及较高的涂层硬度使得30 L/h的涂层显示出最优的耐高温摩擦磨损性能。涂层的磨损机制以氧化磨损和黏着磨损为主。     

TC4钛合金表面镀Cu摩擦磨损性能的研究

利用硫酸盐镀铜技术在TC4钛合金表面电镀制备Cu镀层,采用SEM、EDS和STM等方法研究TC4钛合金基体及其镀Cu层的摩擦磨损性能,分析其磨损率、摩擦系数和磨痕形貌,探讨其磨损机理。结果表明:TC4钛合金表面镀Cu可以显著地改善和提高其表面耐磨性,Cu镀层的耐磨性明显地优于TC4钛合金基体;TC4钛合金基体的磨痕呈犁沟形貌,磨损机理为剥层磨损和黏着磨损;镀Cu层的磨痕呈现的是附着的塑性变形后铜磨屑形貌,磨损机理为剥层磨损和疲劳磨损。     

Ti6Al4V合金激光熔覆NiMoSi复合涂层的高温抗氧化性能

为提高Ti6Al4V合金的高温抗氧化性能,以Ni-48%Mo-32%Si混合粉末为原料,采用激光熔覆技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备复合涂层,分析涂层物相、组织结构、高温抗氧化性能及抗磨损性能,并讨论相关机理。结果表明：复合涂层中无裂纹,与基体实现了良好的冶金结合;硬质相Ti₅Si₃、MoSi₂和Mo₅Si₃均匀分布于基体α-Ti、NiTi中。经恒温800 ℃氧化100 h后,复合涂层的氧化膜主要由TiO₂、SiO₂和NiO组成,结构连续致密,表现出较好的高温抗氧化性能。而Ti6Al4V合金氧化膜主要为疏松TiO₂,表面氧化严重;氧化后,复合涂层和基体的单位面积增重分别为1.31和23.38 mg/cm²;复合涂层和基体的摩擦因数分为0.44和0.52、磨损率分别为16.2×10^-5和22.6×10^-5mm³/Nm,复合涂层的摩擦学性能亦有明显提高。     

激光表面织构形状参数对钛合金摩擦学性能的影响

针对钛合金耐磨性差的问题,利用激光技术在TC4钛合金样品表面刻蚀出具有不同形状、间距和宽度(直径)的织构,基于CSM球盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究织构形状参数对钛合金在油润滑条件下摩擦学性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察钛合金表面织构的微观形貌及磨痕形貌,利用白光干涉仪测试表面织构和磨痕的三维轮廓并通过计算得到磨损率。结果表明,网格型织构的摩擦因数比沟槽型和点阵型织构更小并且更稳定。织构的间距和宽度(直径)等形状参数显著影响钛合金的磨损性能。原始表面抛光钛合金样品磨损率高于表面织构处理后样品,原始钛合金样品的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,而由于表面织构能起到收集磨屑,储存润滑油的作用,从而显著提升了钛合金的耐磨性。     

SiC和Al2O3颗粒对Ti-25Nb-3Mo-3Zr-2Sn合金微磨损行为的影响

本文研究了SiC和Al₂O₃颗粒对生物医用植入材料Ti-25Nb-3Mo-3Zr-2Sn合金的微磨损行为的影响。在文中研究了合金的比磨损率、摩擦系数、磨损机制以及微磨损与腐蚀之间的协同作用。研究结果显示,合金的比磨损率随磨粒尺寸的增加而增加。由于SiC磨粒的硬度和切削性均优于Al₂O₃磨粒,由此在同尺寸磨粒下SiC磨粒所造成的材料的损失比Al₂O₃磨粒造成的要大。摩擦系数的结果显示,在同一种磨粒作用下,Hank’s溶液中所获得的摩擦系数的平均值大于蒸馏水中所获得的摩擦系数平均值,且由于Hank’s溶液的腐蚀性所致在Hank’s溶液中获得的摩擦系数的稳定性要比在蒸馏水中的稳定性差;在同尺寸磨粒下,Al₂O₃磨粒所造成的摩擦系数要大于SiC磨粒所造成的。随磨粒尺寸的减小,磨损机制由三体磨损转变为混合磨损之后再转变为二体磨损。从磨损机制图中可以看出腐蚀对材料损失的贡献是不容小视的,磨损机制为以磨损为主的磨损腐蚀。     

SiON/SiO2复合膜层对太阳能电池阵板间电缆的表面改性及其耐空间环境性能

在空间站工作的太阳电池阵板间电缆上下表面为聚酰亚胺薄膜,在低轨运行时会受到原子氧的强烈侵蚀,需要采取措施对其进行保护。采用射频磁控溅射法在电缆表面制备了颗粒尺寸均匀、排列致密的SiO₂膜层。通过表征空间环境试验前后样品发现由于电缆表面的凸起颗粒等缺陷无法完全被SiO₂膜层覆盖,导致原子氧会对缺陷位置产生侵蚀作用。采用全氢聚硅氮烷溶液对板间电缆基底进行表面改性处理,制备的聚硅氧氮烷涂层（SiON）可以有效地覆盖电缆基底表面的凸起颗粒等缺陷,使得其上溅射的SiO₂膜层表面光滑平整。经原子氧暴露试验,SiON/SiO₂层内部没有受到其侵蚀作用,可以防止原子氧对电缆基底的破坏。经多次冷热循环试验,SiON/SiO₂复合膜层仍然具备良好的结构特性与结合性能。     

恒压阳极氧化对镁合金氧化膜的影响

    研究了恒压条件下,电压对阳极氧化膜性能的影响.结果表明:恒压10V的阳极氧化,阳极表面没有电火花的产生,类似于普通的阳极氧化;而恒压15、20、25 V的阳极氧化,阳极表面有电火花产生,是微火花放电阶段;恒压10、15、20、25 V制得的阳极氧化膜主要成分是MgO,同时含有Al₂O₃以及Na4(AlSiO₄)₃(OH)、Al₂SiO₅、SiO₂等;从10 V到20 V,随着电压的提高,试样耐蚀性提高;25 V时电火花的强度较大,放电气孔平均孔径较大,降低了有效厚度,耐蚀性下降.     

Wear properties of nonhydrogenated,hydrogenated,and dehydrogenated Ti6A14V alloy

Wear properties of the nonhydrogenated,hydrogenated 0.5 wt% and dehydrogenated Ti6 A14 V alloys were studied through dry sliding wear tests using an M-200 type pin-on-disk wear testing machine in ambient air at room temperature to reveal the effects of hydrogen on wear properties of Ti6 A14 V alloy. Morphology and chemical element of worn surface were investigated by means of scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Results show that hydrogen decreases the wear resistance of Ti6 A14 V alloy. Wear rate of the Ti6 A14 V alloy increases after hydrogenation. Wear rate increases by 244.3 % when 0.5 wt% hydrogen is introduced into a Ti6 A14 V alloy. Wear rate of the dehydrogenated Ti6 A14 V alloy recovers. Wear mechanisms of the nonhydrogenated, hydrogenated, and dehydrogenated Ti6 A14 V alloys are determined. The nonhydrogenated Ti6 A14 V alloy is controlled by oxidative wear. The hydrogenated Ti6 A14 V alloy is dominated by abrasive wear. Wear mechanism of the dehydrogenated Ti6 A14 V alloys is a mixture of oxidative wear and abrasive wear.     

激光熔覆TiC增强FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层磨损性研究

利用激光熔覆技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制得了以TiC为增强相、以FeAl 金属间化合物为基体的耐磨复合材料涂层，研究了激光熔覆。FiC／FeAl复合材料涂层在干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能及磨损机制。结果表明：随着载荷和滑动速率的增加，TiC／FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层的磨损速率增加，其磨损机制随着载荷的增加逐渐由磨料磨损向粘着磨损转变；激光熔覆层中TiC体积分数的增加，一方面提高了涂层的磨料磨损抗力，另一方面降低了熔覆层表面与对磨材料之间的粘着倾向，提高了TiC／FeAl涂层的滑动磨损性能。激光熔覆TiC/FeAl金属间化合物基复合材料涂层具有优异的耐磨性能并随TiC体积分数的增加而提高。     

原位自生(TiC+TiB)/Ti6Al4V复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

本文用原位反应法制备了不同TiC和TiB增强相含量的(TiC+TiB)/Ti6Al4V复合材料(简记为TMC),用HT-1000型摩擦磨损试验机研究了外加载荷对原位本文用原位反应法制备了不同TiC和TiB增强相含量的（TiC+TiB）/Ti6Al4V复合材料（简记为TMC）,用HT-1000型摩擦磨损试验机研究了外加载荷对原位（TiC+TiB）/Ti6Al4V复合材料干滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜及布鲁克三维形貌仪观察分析其磨损行为。结果显示,与Ti6Al4V基体相比,TiC+TiB增强相的生成提高了复合材料的耐磨性。对于含不同体积分数增强相的复合材料,随着外加载荷的增加,材料的磨损率和磨损深度增加,摩擦系数减小且在小范围内波动。在小负载下,磨损的表面覆盖有一些沟槽和少量磨屑;在大负载下,磨损的表面覆盖有一些浅沟槽和大量磨屑。磨损机制为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。随着负荷增加,碎屑的尺寸增加,磨损加剧。     

Improvement of the oxidation and wear resistance of pure Ti by laser cladding at elevated temperature

NiCrBSi and NiCrBSi/WC-Ni composite coatings were produced on pure Ti substrates by the laser cladding technology. Thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis was used to evaluate the high temperature oxidation resistance of the laser cladding coatings. The friction and wear behavior was tested through sliding against the Si₃N₄ ball at elevated temperatures of 300 °C and 500 °C. Besides, the morphologies of the worn surfaces and wear debris were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three dimensional non-contact surface mapping. The results show that the microhardness, high temperature oxidation resistance and high temperature wear resistance of the pure Ti substrates are greatly increased. For the pure Ti substrate, the wear behavior is dominated by adhesive wear, abrasive wear and severe plastic deformation, while both laser cladding coatings, involving only mild abrasive and fatigue wear, are able to prevent the substrates from severe adhesion and abrasive wear. In particular, the laser cladding NiCrBSi/WC-Ni composite coating shows better high temperature wear resistance than the NiCrBSi coating, which is due to the formation of a hard WC phase in the composite coating.     

The Effect of Small Amount of Titanium Addition on the Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties of ZA48 Alloy

Low-titanium (Ti) aluminum alloys were prepared, and the effects of Ti elements on the microstructure, tensile property, and wear property of zinc-aluminum alloys were investigated. The addition of Ti is found to be effective in refining the grain size of the zinc-aluminum alloys. With a Ti content of 0.04 wt.%, the minimum grain size is achieved, and the tensile property of the test alloy reaches the maximum. Wear resistance is improved with decreased grain size. The grain-refining mechanism of the low-Ti aluminum alloys can be explained by the formation of Al₆₆Ti₂₅Zn₉ particles. These particles serve as the nucleation sites and effectively restrict α phase growth.     

Wear behavior of Al2O3/Ti(C,N)/SiC new ceramic tool material when machining tool steel and cast iron

Design, fabrication and application of ceramic cutting tools are one of the important research topics in the field of metal cutting and advanced ceramic materials. In the present study, wear resistance of an advanced Al₂O₃/Ti(C,N)/SiC multiphase composite ceramic tool material have been studied when dry machining hardened tool steel and cast iron under different cutting conditions. Microstructures of the worn materials were observed with scanning electronic microscope to help analyze wear mechanisms. It is shown that when machining hardened tool steel at low speed wear mode of the kind of ceramic tool material is mainly flank wear with slight crater wear. The adhesion between tool and work piece is relatively weak. With the increase of cutting speed, cutting temperature increases consequently. As a result, the adhesion is intensified both in the crater area and flank face. The ceramic tool material has good wear resistance when machining grey cast iron with uniform flank wear. Wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear at low cutting speed, while adhesion is intensified in the wear area at high cutting speed. Wear modes are dominantly rake face wear and flank wear in this case.     

铍含量对钛基非晶复合材料摩擦行为的影响

通过真空电弧熔炼制备了一系列钛基非晶复合材料和钛基非晶合金,研究了合金中铍元素的含量对整体合金摩擦行为的影响。随着合金中铍元素的减少,非晶复合材料中的枝晶体积分数逐渐增加,整体合金的摩擦系数降低,但是合金的磨损率升高。所有材料的磨损表面都展现出了磨粒磨损的磨损机制,并且磨屑的尺寸随着枝晶体积分数的升高而逐渐降低。     

Influence of graphite content on sliding wear characteristics of CNTs-Ag-G electrical contact materials

CNTs-Ag-G electrical contact composite material was prepared by means of powder metallurgical method. The influence of the graphite content on sliding wear characteristics of electrical contact levels was examined. In experiments, CNTs content was retained as 1% (mass fraction), and graphite was added at content levels of 8%, 10%, 13%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The results indicate that with the increase of graphite content, the contact resistance of electrical contacts is enhanced to a certain level then remains constant. Friction coefficient decreases gradually with the increase of graphite content. Wear mass loss decreases to the minimum value then increases. With the small content of graphite, the adhesive wear is hindered, which leads to the decrease of wear mass loss, while excessive graphite brings much more worn debris, resulting in the increase of mass loss. It is concluded that wear mass loss reaches the minimum value when the graphite mass fraction is about 13%. Compared with conventional Ag-G contact material, the wear mass loss of CNTs-Ag-G composite is much less due to the obvious increase of hardness and electrical conductivity, decline of friction surface temperature and inhibition of adhesive wear between composites and slip rings.     

不同氢含量Ti6Al4V合金的磨损性能研究

利用M-200型摩擦磨损试验机对不同氢含量的Ti6Al4V合金板材进行了摩擦磨损试验,研究氢含量对Ti6Al4V合金摩擦系数和磨损率的影响,并利用材料分析测试技术研究了合金磨损表面的形貌及成分变化,分析了合金的磨损机制。结果表明,氢使钛合金的摩擦系数降低,但是氢含量对Ti6Al4V合金摩擦系数的影响不明显。随氢含量的增加,钛合金的耐磨性能逐渐变差。随着氢含量的增加,钛合金的氧化磨损特征逐渐变弱,磨粒磨损所起的作用逐渐增强。     

TiN-Coating Effects on Stainless Steel Tribological Behavior Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions

The tribological properties of magnetron sputtered titanium nitride coating on 316L steel, sliding against Si₃N₄ ceramic ball under dry friction and synthetic perspiration lubrication, were investigated. The morphology of the worn surface and the elemental composition of the wear debris were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. TiN coatings and 316L stainless steel had better tribological properties under synthetic perspiration lubrication than under dry friction. Among the three tested materials (316L, 1.6 and 2.4 μm TiN coatings), 2.4 μm TiN coating exhibits the best wear resistance. The difference in wear damage of the three materials is essentially due to the wear mechanisms. For the TiN coating, the damage is attributed to abrasive wear under synthetic perspiration lubrication and the complex interactive mechanisms, including abrasive and adhesive wear, along with plastic deformation, under dry friction.