杜仲叶多糖对糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用

本研究探讨了杜仲叶多糖对糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用。建立糖尿病模型大鼠,采用杜仲叶多糖干预。检测其清除DPPH、ABTS自由基能力,对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性及空腹血糖（FBG）、尿素氮（BUN）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、Caspase-3、p38MAPK及TGF-β1蛋白水平。结果表明,杜仲叶多糖浓度为1 mg/mL时,其DPPH自由基清除率为65.15%、对ABTS自由基清除率49.68%。杜仲叶多糖高剂量组的Iα-glucosidase为90.47%,FBG和BUN分别为9.21 mmol/L、6.85 mmol/L,与其他各组差异显著（p<0.05）。杜仲叶多糖高剂量组的MDA、GSH-Px和SOD分别为7.27 μmol/L、54.27 U/mg和81.27 μg/mL,均明显好于其他实验组（p<0.05）。杜仲叶多糖高剂量组的Caspase-3、p38MAPK TGF-β1分别为0.70、0.69、0.71,显著低于阳性对照组（p<0.05）。研究结果表明,杜仲叶多糖可明显降低糖尿病大鼠FBG水平,具有较好的抗氧化作用,对糖尿病大鼠的胰岛细胞具有一定的保护作用。     

黄芪多糖对子宫肌瘤模型大鼠肿瘤组织的抑制作用

本研究探究了黄芪多糖对子宫肌瘤模型大鼠肿瘤组织的抑制作用。选取50只SD健康雌性大鼠,其中10只作为正常组,其余40只进行子宫肌瘤模型的建立并分为模型组以及低、中、高浓度组。对各组大鼠分别进行干预,观察各组大鼠癌组织细胞凋亡以及细胞周期分布情况,并对雌二醇（Estradiol2,E2）、孕酮（Progesterone,P）、卵泡刺激素（Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH）、黄体生成激素（Luteinizing Hormone,LH）水平以及p53基因、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B-cell lymphoma-2,bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bcl-2 Associated X Protein,BAX）表达进行检测。研究结果显示,高浓度组大鼠E2、P、FSH、LH水平分别为305.22 pg/mL、44.21 ng/mL、4.02 IU/L和7.20 IU/L,均显著低于模型组、低、中浓度组,p<0.05。高浓度组大鼠子宫重为1.21 g,子宫系数为5.44,均显著低于模型组、低、中浓度组,p<0.05。高浓度组大鼠细胞凋亡率为50.24%,处于G1期的细胞比例为62.41%,均高于其他三组。高浓度组大鼠p53、Bcl-2表达分别为1.35、1.40;均低于模型组、低、中浓度组;Bax表达为0.73,均高于模型组、低、中浓度组。结果表明,黄芪多糖能够调控子宫肌瘤模型大鼠性激素水平,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,阻滞细胞周期,并能够调控p53、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达,从而起到一定的抑瘤作用,且其能力呈现一定的浓度依赖性。     

江苏地产浒苔多糖对大鼠急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用

为研究江苏地产浒苔多糖对酒精性大鼠胃黏膜损伤的保护作用和机制,将Wistar大鼠随机分成生理盐水组、模型组、浒苔多糖各剂量组（100,200,400 mg/kg）以及阳性对照组（奥美拉唑,300 mg/kg）,每组各10只。采用酒精灌胃致胃黏膜损伤模型。给予浒苔多糖7 d后,观察胃黏膜组织的大体和病理组织改变,测定胃液分泌量、胃酸浓度,胃组织中黏液蛋白、丙二醛（MDA）、氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GSH-Px）、大鼠白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、以及环氧酶（COX-2）等生化指标的活力或含量。结果表明:浒苔多糖能明显改善胃黏膜组织损伤情况,降低损伤积分（p<0.01）,提高酒精性损伤抑制率;在高剂量组能显著降低胃液量的分泌（p<0.05）,提高胃组织GSH-Px,降低炎性因子IL-1β和TNF-α的释放（p<0.01）;各剂量组均能降低胃组织中MDA的含量和COX-2的活力（p<0.05或p<0.01）,显著提高SOD的活力以及胃黏液蛋白的浓度（p<0.05或p<0.01）。江苏地产浒苔多糖对大鼠急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤具有一定保护作用,其机制可能与增强胃黏膜保护因子,提高抗氧化、降低脂质过氧化、抑制炎症因子释放的能力有关。      

红酵母红素对氧化应激细胞PC12细胞的保护机制

探究红酵母红素对氧化应激细胞的保护机制。PC12细胞（大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞）分为对照组、模型组（200μmol/L H₂O₂）、番茄红素组（20μmol/L番茄红素+200μmol/L H₂O₂,阳性对照组）和红酵母红素组（1μmol/L红酵母红素+200μmol/L H₂O₂、2μmol/L红酵母红素+200μmol/L H₂O₂和3μmol/L红酵母红素+200μmol/L H₂O₂）,分别观察PC12细胞的形态变化,检测细胞凋亡率、半胱氨酸蛋白酶Caspase-3的活性及细胞中促凋亡蛋白Bax和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达含量。结果表明,与模型组相比,3μmol/L的红酵母红素能维持细胞原有形态,降低了11.6%的细胞凋亡率（p<0.05）,抑制了62.92%的Caspase-3活性（p<0.01）,进一步研究发现红酵母红素能够下调Bax的表达（p<0.01）,上调Bcl-2的表达（p<0.01）,从而阻止了凋亡链反应。综上所述,红酵母红素可能通过抑制Caspase-3活性,调节Bax和Bcl-2的表达来发挥对氧化应激细胞的保护作用,且其作用存在剂量依赖性。      

绞股蓝多糖保护力竭运动诱导肝细胞凋亡

为研究绞股蓝多糖(GMP)对力竭运动诱导大鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响。采用大鼠力竭运动模型,将32只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组:安静对照组、运动力竭对照组、绞股蓝多糖低剂量组+运动力竭组,绞股蓝多糖高剂量组+运动力竭组;采用免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠肝组织Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达,对各组大鼠肝组织Bax/Bcl-2比值与肝组织细胞凋亡情况进行分析;采用以分光光度法检测肝脏主要抗氧化酶活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果发现,绞股蓝多糖后能使力竭运动后大鼠肝组织Bax的表达减弱、Bcl-2的表达增强、Bax/Bcl-2比值降低;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增加;MDA含量降低。绞股蓝多糖对力竭运动诱导肝组织氧化应激及细胞凋亡具有保护作用。     

羊肚菌多糖抑制人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖和诱导细胞凋亡研究

以黑脉羊肚菌多糖为原料,研究羊肚菌多糖对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231（以下简称MDA）增殖和凋亡的影响。结果表明：在无细胞毒性范围内,羊肚菌多糖能显著抑制人乳腺癌细胞MDA的增殖,半数有效浓度（median effective concentration,EC50）值为0.096 mg/mL,同时人乳腺癌细胞MDA表现出多种细胞凋亡的形态学变化。免疫印迹检测实验结果显示,羊肚菌多糖能抑制B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2）蛋白表达,促进Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax）表达,同时增加Bax/Bcl-2蛋白表达比值,并呈现出剂量依赖效应。说明羊肚菌多糖能抑制人乳腺癌细胞MDA增殖,促进细胞凋亡。     

蓝莓花色苷对过氧化氢所致血管内皮细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的:观察蓝莓花色苷对过氧化氢（H2O2）所致血管内皮细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法:人静脉血管内皮细胞EVC-304经不同浓度蓝莓花色苷（10、20、40μg·m L-1）预培养24 h后,加入100μmol/L H2O2再进行培养12 h。MTT法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞仪检测EVC-304细胞凋亡的变化,Western blot法检测细胞内激活型Caspase-3、细胞色素C（Cyto c）、Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达变化。结果:同正常组相比,H2O2损伤组细胞存活率显著降低（p<0.01）,细胞凋亡率显著升高（p<0.01）,激活型Caspase-3、细胞质中Cyto c表达水平,Bax/Bcl-2比值升高（p<0.01）。与H2O2损伤组相比,20μg·m L-1和40μg·m L-1蓝莓花色苷处理组细胞存活率明显升高（p<0.01）,凋亡细胞率明显下降（p<0.01）,细胞内激活型Caspase-3,Cyto c表达,Bax/Bcl-2比值下降（p<0.01）。结论:蓝莓花色苷对H2O2所致血管内皮细胞凋亡具有保护作用,其机制可能与保护线粒体功能相关。      

铁棍/佛手山药粗多糖的抗糖尿病作用效果比较

该研究为比较铁棍山药粗多糖和佛手山药粗多糖的抗糖尿病作用效果,测定两种山药粗多糖对DPPH、PTIO自由基的清除作用,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用和降血糖降血脂作用。建立2型糖尿病模型大鼠,选用二甲双胍作为阳性对照药物。两种山药粗多糖对DPPH自由基清除作用的EC50(µg/mL)各为35.38、16.19（p<0.01）,对PTIO自由基清除作用的EC50(µg/mL)各为7869.17、8335.78（p<0.01）,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用（18.85%、15.73%）无显著差异（p>0.05）。与模型组相比,铁棍山药粗多糖组的FBG、TC与LDL-C水平各降低24.38%、28.44%、44.68%（p<0.05,p<0.01）,肝糖原含量升高21.83%（p<0.05）,CAT与GSH-Px水平各升高363.36%、43.67%（p<0.01）;佛手山药粗多糖组的FBG、TG、TC与LDL-C水平各下降25.62%、28.52%、22.79%、44.73%（p<0.05,p<0.01）,SOD与CAT水平各提升7.22%和69.76%（p<0.05）。结果表明,两种粗多糖的抗糖尿病作用机制不同。铁棍山药粗多糖在清除PTIO自由基、减少肝糖原分解、增强CAT和GSH-Px活性方面更具优势,而佛手山药粗多糖则在清除DPPH自由基、降低TG的含量、增强SOD与CAT活性方面作用更佳。     

川赤芝多糖对运动疲劳状态下小鼠心肌组织的保护作用

目的：研究川赤芝多糖（Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide,GLP）对运动疲劳小鼠心肌组织的保护作用。方法：利用沸水煎煮提取GLP,分别建立小鼠力竭游泳模型和递增负荷游泳疲劳模型,测定小鼠的力竭游泳时间、抗疲劳和抗氧化相关指标,并通过Western blot检测小鼠心肌组织中核因子E2相关因子2(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶1(Heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、Bcl-2-Associated X蛋白（Bcl-2-Associated X,Bax）、激活型半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Cysteinyl aspartatespecific proteinase-3,Cleaved Caspase-3)表达。结果：与空白对照组（Con-A1）相比,GLP组小鼠游泳时间均极显著增加（P<0.01）,且随着多糖剂量提高游泳时间随之提高;与空白对照组（Con-A2）相比,GLP低（GLPL2）、中（GLP-M2）、高（GLP-H2）剂量组小鼠肝...     

枸杞多糖促进大鼠肝癌组织细胞的凋亡

为探究枸杞多糖对肝癌模型大鼠癌组织细胞凋亡的干预效果及作用机制。选取45只SD健康雄性大鼠,5只作为正常组,其余40只建立肝癌模型,分为模型组、药物对照组、低、高浓度组,并分别进行干预。观察各组大鼠细胞增殖、凋亡、周期分布情况,检测PTEN、p-Akt、m TOR、Bcl-2、Bax、caspase3表达。研究结果显示,高浓度组G1期细胞比例为57.59%,高于模型组、药物对照组、低浓度组(p<0.05)。高浓度组大鼠增殖率为8.53%,凋亡率为47.68%,均优于模型组、药物对照组和低浓度组。高浓度组大鼠PTEN相对表达量为0.98,p-Akt、m TOR相对表达量分别为1.05、1.11,高浓度组大鼠Bcl-2、caspase3相对表达量分别为1.26、1.19,Bax相对表达量为0.98,干预效果均优于药物对照组和低浓度组(p<0.05)。实验结果表明,在枸杞多糖的干预下,肝癌大鼠癌组织肿瘤细胞增殖、凋亡及周期分布受到明显调控,PTEN、p-Akt、m TOR、Bcl-2、caspase3、Bax表达受到明显的调控,说明枸杞多糖能够阻滞肝癌组织细胞周期分布,抑制肝癌组织细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,为肝癌的临床治疗提供一定的理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the