非变性I型胶原蛋白对免疫低下大鼠免疫功能的调节作用

该研究旨在观察非变性I型胶原蛋白（Non-denatured type-I collagen,NDC-I）对免疫低下模型大鼠免疫功能的调节作用。动物实验采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺法建立免疫低下大鼠模型,观察NDC-I对大鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数,白细胞计数和分类,血清中免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、白介素-2（IL-2）、白介素-4（IL-4）、白介素-10（IL-10）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）,脾脏和胸腺的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和组织形态学变化。结果显示,在给予NDC-I干预30 d后,与模型组比较,NDC-I组胸腺指数上升（p<0.05）,白细胞计数显著提高（p<0.01）,血清中IgA、IgG、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ和TNF-α含量为43.32 µg/mL、283.32 µg/mL、1827.17 ng/L、135.97 pg/mL、113.87 ng/L、2302.44 pg/mL、469.91 ng/L,水平显著升高（p<0.01）,脾脏中LDH活性显著上升（p<0.01）,脾脏和胸腺组织病理学损伤减轻。结果证明,NDC-I对环磷酰胺致免疫低下大鼠的免疫功能具有一定的调节作用,也为胶原蛋白等相关功能产品的综合开发与充分利用提供了参考依据。     

毛酸浆果提取物对RAW264.7细胞的免疫调节作用

该文探讨了毛酸浆果提取物（Physalis pubescens L. Fruits Extract,PPFE）对RAW264.7巨噬细胞免疫调节作用。采用噻唑蓝比色法（MTT）确定细胞毒性和增殖活性,格里斯法（Griess）、酶联免疫法（ELISA）、荧光探针法、中性红吞噬实验测定体外培养的巨噬细胞中一氧化氮（NO）、肿瘤因子-α（TNF-α）和白介素-6（IL-6）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、活性氧（ROS）含量以及吞噬率;流式细胞术测定细胞周期变化及细胞凋亡情况,荧光定量反转录-聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测TNF-α、IFN-γ以及IL-6等细胞因子mRNA表达水平。结果显示：运用UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS测定PPFE化学成分分析,共鉴定出14种黄酮类物质。PPFE作用RAW264.7细胞的安全浓度在25~250 μg/mL范围内,与空白组相比,毛酸浆果提取物质量浓度为25 μg/mL时免疫增强效果最佳,其细胞增殖率、NO释放量、吞噬率、相对活性氧水平、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-6的分泌量分别为130.53%、27.79 μmol/L、189.88%、137.75%、150.54 pg/mL、119.36 pg/mL、15.41 pg/mL。PPFE治疗组的细胞周期的G0/G1期、S期、G2/M期百分比分别为53.08%、17.40%、29.52%。细胞凋亡率与空白组相比降低了52.80%,同时极显著（p<0.01）上调TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-6的表达。综上可知,PPFE通过调节RAW264.7细胞吞噬功能、分泌免疫因子、细胞周期分布及凋亡情况,以及上调细胞因子mRNA表达水平,增强RAW264.7细胞免疫调节作用。     

银杏多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞免疫调节作用的研究

为研究银杏多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞的免疫调节作用,无菌分离小鼠脾淋巴细胞,制备淋巴细胞悬液,实验设空白组、阳性组（终浓度为5 μg/mL的左旋咪唑）、银杏多糖处理组（终浓度为25、50、100、200、400 μg/mL）。采用MTT法检测银杏多糖对淋巴细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术检测银杏多糖对淋巴细胞周期的影响,ELISA法检测银杏多糖对淋巴细胞白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）分泌量的影响,qRT-PCR法检测银杏多糖对淋巴细胞IL-4、IFN-γ mRNA表达的影响。结果显示,与空白组相比,银杏多糖处理组和阳性组的淋巴细胞增殖指数均极显著高于空白组（P<0.01）;与阳性组相比,200 μg/mL银杏多糖处理组的淋巴细胞增殖指数低于阳性组,但无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与空白组相比,25~400 μg/mL银杏多糖处理组G₀/G₁期占比极显著降低、S期和G₂/M期细胞总占比极显著增加（P<0.01）;与阳性组相比,200 μg/mL时G₀/G₁期占比降低、S期和G₂/M期细胞总占比极显著升高（P<0.01）。与空白组相比,阳性组、25、100、200 μg/mL银杏多糖处理组的IFN-γ/IL-4比值均极显著低于空白组（P<0.01）,400 μg/mL银杏多糖处理组的IFN-γ/IL-4比值极显著高于空白组（P<0.01）;与阳性组相比,100、200 μg/mL银杏多糖处理组IFN-γ/IL-4比值低于阳性组,但无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与空白组相比,银杏多糖处理组和阳性组的细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4分泌量及其mRNA相对表达量均极显著高于空白组（P<0.01）;与阳性组相比,200 μg/mL银杏多糖处理组的细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4分泌量及其mRNA相对表达量低于阳性组,但无统计学意义（P>0.05）。由此可见,银杏多糖可以通过增加小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、减少G₀/G₁期细胞的阻滞、促进DNA合成、促进细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4的分泌及其mRNA的表达、维持IFN-γ/IL-4（Th1/Th2）动态平衡,来提高机体免疫功能。     

纳豆激酶对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的改善效果及免疫调节作用

目的：探讨纳豆激酶对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的改善效果及免疫调节作用。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5 组,正常对照组（生理盐水灌胃）、酒精模型组（酒精体积分数56%的白酒灌胃：第1周灌胃6 mL/（kg?d mb）,第2周灌胃8 mL/（kg?d mb）,第3周灌胃10 mL/（kg?d mb）,第4～10周灌胃11 mL/（kg?d mb））、纳豆激酶对照组（灌胃530.39 FU/（kg?d mb）纳豆激酶）、纳豆激酶干预组（灌胃530.39 FU/（kg?d mb）纳豆激酶＋酒精）、甘利欣干预组（灌胃200 mg/（kg?d mb）甘利欣＋酒精）;后两组酒精剂量同酒精模型组,实验持续10 周。苏木精-伊红染色观察肝脏组织形态结构,透射电子显微镜观察肝细胞超微结构;测定血清谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,GGT）、胆碱酯酶（cholinesterase,CHE）活力;计算脾指数,流式细胞术检测大鼠外周血中CD4+、CD8+ T淋巴细胞亚群和自然杀伤（natural killer,NK）细胞比例。结果：酒精模型组大鼠肝组织形态结构和肝细胞超微结构均出现明显的病变损伤,纳豆激酶和甘利欣干预后得到显著改善。与酒精模型组相比,纳豆激酶干预组和甘利欣干预组大鼠血清ALT、AST、GGT活力显著下降（P＜0.05）,CHE活力有一定上升趋势。与酒精模型组相比,纳豆激酶干预组和甘利欣干预组大鼠脾指数、CD3+CD4+ T淋巴细胞比例、CD3+CD8+ T淋巴细胞比例均显著升高（P＜0.05）,TCRαβ+CD161a+ NK细胞比例有不同程度的上升趋势。结论：纳豆激酶对大鼠酒精性肝损伤有一定改善效果,其机制可能与调节CD4+、CD8+ T淋巴细胞、NK细胞等免疫细胞比例,提高机体免疫调节作用有关。     

蓝光协同茴香精油对鲜切苋菜的保鲜机理

研究不同光量子通量密度（10、20、30 μmol/（m2·s））发光二极管（light emitting diode，LED）蓝光和最佳茴香精油剂量（0.35 μL/mL）处理鲜切苋菜的保鲜效果及机理。以T1（0 μmol/（m2·s）蓝光LED＋0.35 μL/mL茴香精油）、T2（10 μmol/（m2·s）蓝光LED＋0.35 μL/mL茴香精油）、T3（20 μmol/（m2·s）蓝光LED＋0.35 μL/mL茴香精油）、T4（30 μmol/（m2·s）蓝光LED＋0.35 μL/mL茴香精油）为处理组，以不作处理为对照组（CK），测定各组菌落总数、理化指标及抗氧化酶活力，并进行感官评价。结果表明：30 μmol/（m2·s）蓝光LED和0.35 μL/mL茴香精油复合处理可较好地保持鲜切苋菜叶绿素、VC和可溶性固形物的含量；抑菌效果由强到弱依次为T4＞T3＞T2＞T1；460 nm LED蓝光和茴香精油复合处理鲜切苋菜的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化酶活力明显高于茴香精油处理组，可以有效抑制丙二醛和亚硝酸盐的积累，提高感官评分，将鲜切苋菜货架期延长至10 d。综上，LED460 nm蓝光和茴香精油复合处理是延缓鲜切苋菜衰老、保持其品质的有效方法。     

山楂黄酮对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的免疫调节作用

为研究山楂黄酮对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的免疫调节作用,将小鼠分为空白组、左旋咪唑组和不同浓度山楂黄酮处理组(100、200、400和800 μg/mL)。利用MTT法检测山楂黄酮对淋巴细胞增殖的影响,ELISA法检测山楂黄酮对淋巴细胞白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的影响,流式细胞术检测山楂黄酮对淋巴细胞膜表面标志物(CD4⁺和CD8⁺)的影响。结果表明,山楂黄酮在100~400 μg/mL对淋巴细胞增殖和淋巴细胞因子的分泌具有浓度依赖性,IL-6和IFN-γ的分泌极显著高于空白组(P<0.01),IL-4的分泌极显著低于空白组(P<0.01),且400 μg/mL处理组与左旋咪唑组无统计学意义(P>0.05);对淋巴细胞亚群CD4⁺CD8^-、CD4^-CD8⁺具有浓度依赖性的促进作用,且极显著高于空白组、左旋咪唑组(P<0.01);对淋巴细胞亚群CD4⁺/CD8⁺百分比极显著高于空白组、左旋咪唑组(P<0.01),200 μg/mL浓度组CD4⁺/CD8⁺的比值极显著高于其它浓度组(P<0.01)。100~400 μg/mL山楂黄酮通过诱导淋巴细胞增殖和淋巴细胞因子IL-6、IL-4和IFN-γ的分泌,提高淋巴细胞亚群CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值,从而发挥免疫调节作用。     

酿酒葡萄皮渣中白藜芦醇的提取及抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性研究

为了提高酿酒葡萄皮渣的综合利用价值,开发白藜芦醇新产品,对酿酒葡萄皮渣中白藜芦醇提取工艺进行研究。通过纤维素 酶水解和乙酸乙酯萃取法提取自酿葡萄酒皮渣中的白藜芦醇,利用响应面分析法优化白藜芦醇提取的工艺条件并测定了白藜芦醇的 抗氧化活性及对3种癌细胞（Hela、A549、PC-3）的生长抑制作用。 结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为酶添加量70 U/μL、体积分数95%乙 醇与葡萄皮渣液固比20∶1（mL∶g）、酶解时间150 min、酶解温度40 ℃,在此优化条件下,提取得到白藜芦醇的提取率为144.13 μg/g; 抗氧化试验结果表明,白藜芦醇具有清除自由基的能力,当样品质量浓度为1.2 mg/mL时,对DPPH和超氧阴离子自由基的清除率分 别为（65.12±3.88）%和（54.13±3.11）%;体外抗肿瘤活性显示,其对Hela、A549和PC-3细胞的生长均具有抑制作用,半抑制浓度（IC50） 值分别为128.29 μmol/L、108.35 μmol/L和25.31 μmol/L。     

蜂胶乙醇提取物对肥胖人群运动后的免疫功能的影响

目的 研究蜂胶乙醇提取物（EEP）与运动对肥胖人群运动后免疫功能的影响。方法 将100例男性肥胖者随机分配到EEP组（n=50）和安慰剂组（n=50）。两组受试者均以65% VO_2max的运动强度进行跑步机运动，每天运动1 h，每周运动5次，共8周。EEP组受试者每天1次服用1粒EEP胶囊（含100 mg EEP），安慰剂组受试者每天服用1粒与EEP胶囊外观相似的胶囊，持续8周。然后检测两组受试者的NK细胞活性、炎症因子［（肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）和IL-10）］水平和淋巴细胞比例（T细胞、B细胞和NK细胞）。结果 与安慰剂组相比，EEP组的NK细胞活性显著升高（50.14%±8.86% vs 55.73%±7.85%，P=0.011）。与安慰剂组相比，EEP组的血清TNF-α（893.46±177.32 pg/mL vs 637.53±152.35 pg/mL，P=0.014）和IL-1β（122.14±18.57 pg/mL vs 99.95±16.46 pg/mL了，P<0.001）水平降低，IL-10升高（7.16±1.58 pg/mL vs 10.45±1.78 pg/mL，P=0.008）。两组的基线及8周后的T细胞、B细胞和NK细胞百分比均无显著变化（P>0.05）。结论 运动期间服用EEP通过刺激NK细胞活化等方式改善免疫功能。     

黄芪对2型糖尿病大鼠碱性磷酸酶与炎症反应的影响

目的:探究黄芪对2型糖尿病大鼠碱性磷酸酶、细菌内毒素和血清中炎症因子的影响。方法:采用高糖高脂饮食+链脲佐菌素腹腔注射建立2型糖尿病模型,连续给予大鼠灌胃黄芪水溶液（0.25、0.5 g/kg）,测定大鼠体质量及血糖变化、粪便中肠道碱性磷酸酶（IAP）的活力及细菌内毒素（LPS）的浓度变化并用MSD多因子方法检测血清中炎症因子（白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-1（IL-1β）、白介素-4（IL-4）、白介素-5（IL-5）、白介素-10（IL-10）、白介素-13（IL-13）、生长调节致癌基因α（KC/GRO））浓度变化的分析。结果:与模型组相比,黄芪剂量组空腹血糖浓度显著降低（P<0.05）,IAP活力显著增加（P<0.05）,LPS浓度显著降低（P<0.05）,且血清中促炎因子IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-1β的浓度显著减少（P<0.05）,而抗炎因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-13的浓度显著增加（P<0.05）,趋化因子KC/GRO的浓度显著下降（P<0.05）。结论:黄芪可以促进肠碱性磷酸酶活性,并能够有效调节T2DM小鼠血糖及炎症反应。     

阿拉伯半乳聚糖对2型糖尿病大鼠肠道碱性磷酸酶、细菌内毒素和肠道中细胞因子的影响

本实验以低剂量腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（30 mg/kg）建立糖尿病大鼠模型，建模成功后，连续给予大鼠灌胃阿拉伯半乳聚糖（Arabinogalactan, AG）水溶液（100 mg/kg、500 mg/kg），测定大鼠体质量及血糖变化、粪便中肠道碱性磷酸酶（IAP）的活力及细菌内毒素中脂多糖（LPS）的浓度变化，并通过MSD多因子方法检测肠道中细胞因子浓度的变化。结果表明，与模型组大鼠相比，AG剂量组空腹血糖浓度显著降低（P<0.05），IAP活力显著增加（P<0.05），LPS浓度显著降低（P<0.05），且肠道中促炎因子白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-1（IL-1β）、生长调节致癌基因α（KC/GRO）的浓度显著减少（P<0.05），而抗炎因子白介素-4（IL-4）、白介素-5（IL-5）、白介素-10（IL-10）、白介素-13（IL-13）的浓度显著增加（P<0.05）。因此，可以证明AG能够提高IAP活力，降低LPS浓度，调控大鼠细胞因子，进而对2型糖尿病大鼠模型在免疫方面具有一定改善作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press