基于响应面法的不锈钢车体激光焊接工艺参数优化

为解决电阻点焊不锈钢车体表面质量差、密闭性差等问题,采用二次回归旋转设计试验方案,基于响应面法建立了不锈钢车体激光焊接工艺参数(激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量)与预测响应值(熔深、熔宽、接头剪切拉伸载荷)之间的数学模型,能够根据车体表面质量和接头强度的要求优选焊接工艺参数.并通过优化激光焊接工艺参数来预测激光搭接焊接头的熔深、熔宽以及接头的剪切拉伸载荷,实现焊缝成形与接头强度的最佳组合,为改善不锈钢车体焊接表面质量提供了新的工艺途径.     

Optimization design of resistance spot welding parameters of magnesium alloy

By means of the quadratic regression combination design process, the regression equations of nugget diameter and tensile shear load of spot welded joint were established. Effects of welding parameters on the nugget diameter and the tensile shear load were investigated. The results show that effect of welding current on nugget diameter is the most evident. And higher welding current will result in bigger nugget diameter. Besides, interaction effect of electrode force and welding current on tensile shear load is the most evident compared with others. The optimum welding parameters corresponding to the maximum of tensile shear load have been obtained by programming using Matlab software, which is 4, 7 kN electrode force, 28 kA welding current and 4 cycle welding time. Under the condition of the optimum welding parameters, the joint having no visible defects can be obtained, nugget diameter and tensile shear load being 6. 8 mm and 3 256 N, respectively.     

基于试验设计与统计分析的双相钢激光焊工艺优化

为了优化激光焊接接头力学性能,利用试验设计方法对厚度为1.7 mm的DP600双相钢进行对接焊接试验,采用回归分析得到了激光焊接功率、焊接速度、离焦量、侧吹保护气体流量与接头抗拉强度之间的数学模型. 分析了焊接速度与侧吹气流量对焊缝抗拉强度的交互影响作用. 通过遗传算法优化该模型并得到了最优的焊接工艺参数组合,当焊接功率为1.7 kW,焊接速度为25 mm/s,侧吹气流量为2.4 m3/h,离焦量为-1 mm时焊缝的抗拉强度最大. 验证试验所测的焊缝抗拉强度值与模型预测值的相对误差在5%以内. 结果表明,文中研究可以有效的预测与优化厚度为1.7 mm的双相钢激光焊接质量.     

Study on the effect of welding current during laser beam-resistance seam welding of aluminum alloy 5052

The effect of welding current on the weld shape and tensile shear load during laser beam-resistance seam welding (LB-RSW) of aluminum alloy 5052 is studied. Experimental results show that the penetration depth, weld width,tensile shear load and the ratio of penetration depth to weld width of LB-RSW are bigger than those of laser beam welding(LBW) under the same conditions and the former three parameters increase as welding current rises. The weld shape of LB-RSW below 5 kA welding current is nearly the same as that of LBW. The weld morphology is protuberant under the condition of 5 kA welding current and 0.8 m/min welding speed. Furthermore, the microstructure of the weld seam of LB-RSW is coarser than that of LBW.     

激光-TIG复合热源焊接参数对镁/钢异种材料焊接接头的影响

采用激光-TIG复合热源的焊接方法对镁和钢异种材料进行焊接,探讨了焊接工艺参数包括激光功率、激光离焦量、焊接速度以及TIG焊接电流对焊缝抗拉强度的影响.结果表明,在焊接过程中,随着激光功率的增大、焊接速度的减小,焊缝抗拉强度随之增大;随着激光离焦量的增加,焊缝抗拉强度呈现先增大后减小的特点;而TIG电流的变化对焊缝抗拉强度影响不大.试验证明,在合适的工艺参数下,能够得到成形良好、力学性能优良的镁/钢异种材料的焊接接头,并且在焊接过程中,激光对镁和钢的连接起主要作用.     

Weldability evaluation and tensile strength estimation model for aluminum alloy lap joint welding using hybrid system with laser and scanner head

Aluminum welding using a hybrid system with a laser and scanner welding head was performed under various welding conditions to verify the feasibility of applying an aluminum alloy to a car body.The experimental material was 5J32 aluminum alloy,and the laser power,welding speed,and laser incidence angle were used as the control variables.The weld bead shape and the tensile shear strength were evaluated in order to understand the aluminum lap joint weld characteristics.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to identify the effect of the process variables on the tensile shear strength.Tensile strength estimation models using three different regression models were also suggested.The input variables were the laser power,welding speed,and laser incidence angle,and the output was the tensile shear strength.Among the models,the second-order polynomial estimation model had the best estimation performance,and the average error rate of this model was 0.058.     

基于回归分析的钛合金微电阻点焊焊接工艺优化

为了研究焊接工艺参数对钛合金微电阻点焊焊接质量的影响规律以及获得最优的焊接工艺参数,利用中心组合试验设计对0.4 mm厚的TC2钛合金进行焊接试验,对焊接试样进行准静态拉伸试验,获取了表征焊点质量优劣的熔核直径、拉伸力、拉伸位移和失效能量. 利用灰熵法得到了每个焊接质量指标的权值,将其加权为焊接综合质量指标. 采用逐步回归分析方法得到了焊接工艺参数(焊接电流、焊接时间以及电极压力)与焊接综合质量指标之间的回归方程. 在此基础上分析了焊接工艺参数两两交互作用对焊接质量的影响规律,采用爬山优化算法得到了最优的焊接工艺参数.     

Artificial neural network modeling of weld joint strength prediction of a pulsed metal inert gas welding process using arc signals

This paper addresses the weld joint strength monitoring in pulsed metal inert gas welding (PMIGW) process. Response surface methodology is applied to perform welding experiments. A multilayer neural network model has been developed to predict the ultimate tensile stress (UTS) of welded plates. Six process parameters, namely pulse voltage, back-ground voltage, pulse duration, pulse frequency, wire feed rate and the welding speed, and the two measurements, namely root mean square (RMS) values of welding current and voltage, are used as input variables of the model and the UTS of the welded plate is considered as the output variable. Furthermore, output obtained through multiple regression analysis is used to compare with the developed artificial neural network (ANN) model output. It was found that the welding strength predicted by the developed ANN model is better than that based on multiple regression analysis.     

调角器总成激光穿透焊工艺研究

激光焊工艺能量密度高、精度高、热影响区和焊接变形小,适用于汽车精密零部件的焊接.针对座椅调角器与3 mm厚连接板的连接,采用激光穿透焊替代电弧焊,结构上无需预留工艺开口,产品设计更加柔性化;调整激光焊接的工艺参数,分析各工艺参数对焊接质量的影响,当激光功率为2200 W、焊接速度为20 mm/s、负离焦量为5 mm时,...     

铝锂合金双激光束双侧同步焊接各向拉伸性能分析

以新型航空铝锂合金2060为主要研究对象,采用经前期试验验证的较优的激光焊接工艺参数开展焊接试验,制取接头试样,并设计了不同方向的拉伸试验. 研究了焊接接头在纵向、环向等各个方向上的拉伸强度性能,分析了激光功率、焊接速度等工艺参数对接头拉伸性能的影响. 结果表明,2060铝锂合金具有较好的激光焊接工艺适应性,但在接头软化、拉伸性能控制等方面有待开展进一步研究.     

两种不同热塑性塑料之间的激光透射焊接试验

采用英国焊接学会发明的Clearweld吸收剂,进行了透明聚苯乙烯和聚氯乙烯异种塑料之间的激光透射焊接试验,利用正交试验法研究了透明聚苯乙烯和聚氯乙烯之间激光透射焊接质量.对焊接样品进行拉伸测试和切片试验,分析了各焊接因素对抗拉强度和焊缝宽度的影响.并采用极差法对试验数据进行处理,得到了透明聚苯乙烯和聚氯乙烯之间激光透射焊接的最佳焊接工艺参数,确定各焊接因素对焊接强度影响从大到小的顺序为焊接速度、夹具夹紧力、光斑直径、激光器平均功率、激光器频率、焊后保压时间,对实际生产具有一定的指导意义.     

Optimizing Friction Stir Welding via Statistical Design of Tool Geometry and Process Parameters

This article considers optimization procedures for friction stir welding (FSW) in 5083-H321 aluminum alloy, via control of weld process parameters and tool design modifications. It demonstrates the potential utility of the ??force footprint?? (FF) diagram in providing a real-time graphical user interface (GUI) for process optimization of FSW. Multiple force, torque, and temperature responses were recorded during FS welding using 24 different tool pin geometries, and these data were statistically analyzed to determine the relative influence of a number of combinations of important process and tool geometry parameters on tensile strength. Desirability profile charts are presented, which show the influence of seven key combinations of weld process variables on tensile strength. The model developed in this study allows the weld tensile strength to be predicted for other combinations of tool geometry and process parameters to fall within an average error of 13%. General guidelines for tool profile selection and the likelihood of influencing weld tensile strength are also provided.     

Development of processing windows for friction stir spot welding of aluminium Al5052 /copper C27200 dissimilar materials

Friction stir spot welding technique was used to join dissimilar combinations of aluminium alloy (Al5052) with copper alloy (C27200) and friction stir spot welding windows such as tool rotational speed–dwell time and tool rotational speed–plunge depth diagrams for effective joining of these materials were developed. Using a central composite design model, empirical relations were developed to predict the changes in tensile shear failure load values and interface hardness of the joints with three process parameters such as tool rotational speed, plunge depth and dwell time. The adequacy of the developed model was verified using ANOVA analysis at 95% confidence level. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the developed model to maximize tensile strength and minimize interface hardness. A high tensile shear failure load value of 3850 N and low interface hardness value of HV 81 was observed for joints made under optimum conditions, and validation experiments confirmed the high predictability of the developed model with error less than 2%. The operating windows developed shall act as reference maps for future design engineers in choosing appropriate friction stir spot welding process parameter values to obtain good joints.     

Application of grey relational analysis to determine welding parameters for Nd:YAG laser GMA hybrid welding of aluminium alloy

Abstract

Grey relational analysis is carried out to develop a new approach for optimization of Nd:YAG laser and gas metal arc hybrid welding parameters. The qualities of a welded material depend on various welding parameters. The parameters chosen for the current study include wire type, shielding gas, laser power, laser focus, travelling speed and wire feedrate. The welding experiments are performed on 6K21-T4 Al alloy sheet which are mostly used in automotive industries. The ultimate tensile stress, the bead width, and the penetration are chosen as the criterion for optimising the welding parameters. The method based on an orthogonal array following Taguchi's recommendation is adopted in the present study. Based on the results of grey relational analysis, a set of optimal welding parameters are obtained. The results show that the optimal welding parameters determined by the grey relational analysis are much improved compared to those from the preliminary set of experimental parameters.     

Sensitivity analysis of submerged arc welding process parameters

Selection of process parameters has great influence on the quality of a welded connection. Mathematical modelling can be utilized in the optimization and control procedure of parameters. Rather than the well-known effects of main process parameters, this study focuses on the sensitivity analysis of parameters and fine tuning requirements of the parameters for optimum weld bead geometry. Changeable process parameters such as welding current, welding voltage and welding speed are used as design variables. The objective function is formed using width, height and penetration of the weld bead. Experimental part of the study is based on three level factorial design of three process parameters. In order to investigate the effects of input (process) parameters on output parameters, which determine the weld bead geometry, a mathematical model is constructed by using multiple curvilinear regression analysis. After carrying out a sensitivity analysis using developed empirical equations, relative effects of input parameters on output parameters are obtained. Effects of all three design parameters on the bead width and bead height show that even small changes in these parameters play an important role in the quality of welding operation. The results also reveal that the penetration is almost non-sensitive to the variations in voltage and speed.     

基于田口法的镁合金激光焊接工艺参数研究

利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光焊接机对镁合金进行对缝焊接工艺试验.以缝焊的最大抗拉强度作为评价焊接质量的品质特性,对影响焊接质量的六项关键工艺参数(保护气体、激光功率、工件移动速度、离焦量、脉冲频率和脉冲波形)利用田口法进行优化设计.依据田口法设计了18种工艺参数组合,每组工艺参数进行3次焊接试验.试验结果表明,激光功率和脉冲波形影响最为显著.通过优化工艺参数可使AZ31B镁合金焊缝获得169 N/mm2的最大抗拉强度.     

超高强度钢激光焊接工艺与接头力学性能

采用Yb:YAG激光焊接系统对热成形超高强度钢搭接和对接两种接头形式下的焊接工艺和接头力学性能进行了研究,并采用激光共焦显微镜观察接头各部分的微观组织.试验结果表明,在激光功率和离焦量保持不变的条件下,焊接速度对两种接头形式下的接头力学性能影响显著.搭接接头抗剪力随焊接速度的增加而减小,且试样均断裂于焊缝搭接面处;对接...     

A Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Friction Welding of Incoloy 800 H

This article deals with the optimization of process parameters for friction welding of Incoloy 800 H rod and compares the results obtained by response surface methodology(RSM) and artificial neural network(ANN).The experiments were carried out on the basis of a five-level,four-variable central composite design.The output parameters were the tensile strength and burn-off length(BOL).They were considered as a function of four independent input variables,namely heating pressure(HP),heating time,upsetting pressure(UP),and upsetting time.The RSM results showed that the quadratic polynomial model depicted the interconnection between individual element and response.For optimizing the process parameters,ANN analysis was used,and the optimal configuration of the ANN model was found to be 4–9–2.For modeling aspect,a requisite trained multilayer perceptron neural network was rooted,and a quick propagation training algorithm was used to train ANN.The purpose of optimization was to decide the maximum tensile strength and minimum burn-off length of the welded joint which was done by varying the friction welding process variables.The order of importance of input parameters for friction welding of Incoloy 800 H was HP [ UP [ N [ BOL.After predicting the model using RSM and ANN,a comparison was made for predicting the effectiveness of two methodologies.By analyzing the results,it was observed that as compared to RSM,ANN model was more specific.     

K418与42CrMo异种金属激光焊接接头组织与力学性能

试验研究了额定功率为3 kW的连续波Nd:YAG激光焊接热输入对激光焊接K418与42CrMo异种金属焊缝形貌的影响.通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、硬度仪、万能试验机及X衍射对激光焊接K418与42CrMo异种金属焊缝接头组织、元素分布、相组成及接头的力学性能进行分析.结果表明,在焊接热输入恒定的条件下,高功率、高焊速的匙孔焊接比低功率、低焊速的热传导焊接更能增加焊缝熔深.通过扫描电镜在焊缝区域观察到了颗粒状物和针状物,能谱分析表明,颗粒状物Nb,Ti,Mo元素聚集,Fe,Ni元素减少;针状物Ti,Nb元素聚集.K418与42CrMo异种金属激光焊接工艺参数优化后的焊缝抗拉强度高于42CrMo母材.     

基于响应面法的HR-2抗氢钢电子束插接焊工艺参数优化

为解决HR-2抗氢钢电子束插接焊有效熔深不足、焊缝处开裂等问题,采用BBD设计试验方案,基于响应面法建立了HR-2抗氢钢电子束插接焊焊接工艺参数(聚焦电流、焊接速度、束流、倾斜角度)与预测响应值(有效熔深、接头抗剪承载力)之间的统计模型.根据有效熔深和接头抗剪承载力的要求优化焊接工艺参数,并通过优化电子束焊接工艺参数来预测电子束插接焊的有效熔深和接头抗剪承载力,实现焊缝截面形貌与接头强度的最佳组合.结果表明,模型拟合度较好,有效熔深预测值比实测值高1.17%,接头抗剪承载力预测值比实测值高2.63%,得到较优的焊接参数为：聚焦电流2.46 A,焊接速度10.00 mm/s,束流8.20 mA,倾斜角度11°.在该参数下的焊缝有效熔深1 347.82 μm,接头抗剪承载力13.525 kN.