电爆喷射沉积法制备镁合金微细管

镁合金作为新型可降解生物材料,在第四代血管支架植入产品领域具有重要的应用价值,但微细管材较大的加工难度制约了其应用推广.提出电爆喷射沉积镁合金微细管的新方法,并对其工艺过程进行了试验研究.结果表明,丝径0.5 mm、初始电压14 kV、沉积距离25 mm时获得的沉积层的均匀性、致密性以及整体性较好且具备纳米晶组织结构,并制备出外径3.5 mm、壁厚0.12 mm的镁合金微细管,符合镁合金血管支架的尺寸要求.     

AZ31镁合金小直径薄壁管拉拔工艺及性能研究

实验研究了多道次拉拔过程中拉拔速度、拉拔变形量对AZ31镁合金小直径薄壁管材组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,温度为300℃、拉拔速度为0.30 mm·s-1时,管材壁厚减薄均匀,可以保证镁合金管材的拉拔顺利进行。多道次拉拔可以成功制备Φ4 mm×0.2 mm的AZ31镁合金小直径薄壁管材。且随着累计变形程度的增加,镁合金的晶粒显著细化,当累积变形量达到95.4%时,平均晶粒尺寸从开始的22μm减小到8μm左右。最终小直径薄壁镁合金管材的抗拉强度达到了247.3 MPa,相应的伸长率为16.8%。     

镁合金微细管热挤压-冷拉拔工艺

镁合金作为可生物降解材料,在医疗植入物中的应用已得到越来越多的关注,例如血管支架。在血管支架的生产中,管坯制备是必不可少的工艺环节。因此,研究和确定一种可靠的规模化生产镁合金微细管的工艺路线十分必要。该文通过对热反挤压-冷拉拔制备镁合金微细管的工艺研究,开发了专用的微细管热挤压机,其具有对挤压力、温度和速度同时测量的功能。通过该专用挤压机,挤压出了外径3.14mm、壁厚0.32mm的ZK30镁合金微细管。在万能材料试验机上设计拉拔实验工装和模具对镁合金管进行室温拉拔。经4道次的拉拔,可得到外径2.90mm、壁厚0.27mm的镁合金微细管,用于后续的精密成形和激光切割中,制备生物实验所需的血管支架。     

免热处理高伸长率压铸HL-111铝合金的研究及应用

采用真空压铸制备了4组壁厚分别为2.2、2.5、2.7和3.0 mm的薄板试样,通过光谱分析、拉伸试验、金相组织分析、SEM断口形貌分析等方法,得出Mn、Mg元素含量及Mn、Mg质量比对不同壁厚试样微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,当Mn含量为0.4%～0.65%、Mg含量为0.17%～0.5%,且Mn、Mg比达到1.69～1.90时,可以使壁厚为2～3 mm的HL-111合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到280 MPa、120 MPa和10%以上,力学性能显著提升。     

挤压变形对镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了镁合金管材挤压成形工艺参数,如坯料温度、模具温度、润滑、挤压比、挤压速度等对镁合金管材挤压后组织与力学性能的影响,以及镁合金管材挤压成形后高温性能、室温性能和超塑性性能。结果表明:镁合金挤压管材的室温力学性能为屈服极限190 MPa,拉伸强度280 MPa,伸长率17%;镁合金挤压管材在400℃高温时的力学性能为屈服极限、拉伸强度值接近25MPa,伸长率180%;随着变形程度的增大,力学性能指标随之增大,并分析了镁合金管材挤压后组织状态的变化。     

挤压AZ31镁合金管材的组织性能及热塑性研究

分析了AZ31镁合金管材经过挤压变形后室温和高温的材料组织和力学性能变化,通过实验获得了镁合金挤压管材在室温下的相关力学性能指标,其屈服极限、拉伸强度、伸长率分别为190MPa,280MPa,17%;获得了在400℃高温条件下的相关力学性能指标,屈服极限和拉伸强度近似值为25MPa,伸长率为180%;分析了变形程度对镁合金管材挤压成形后机械性能的影响规律,随着变形程度的增大,各项性能指标随之增大。在此基础上确定了合适的挤压成形工艺参数。     

热挤压AZ80镁合金管材的组织与力学性能

对AZ80镁合金管材的挤压工艺进行研究,对挤压前后材料的组织与力学性能进行分析。结果表明,经过热挤压后,镁合金的晶粒细化,力学性能有较大提高。晶粒尺寸由挤压前铸态的28μm细化到挤压后的4μm,抗拉强度由162 MPa提高到265 MPa,屈服强度由74 MPa提高到180 MPa,伸长率由4%提高到14%。随着挤压比的增加,晶粒细化明显,伸长率和屈服强度增加。对于挤压AZ80镁合金管材,合理的挤压工艺参数：挤压比为18.2,坯料温度为390℃,模具预热温度为360℃,挤压速度为1 mm/s,凹模锥半角为60°-70°。     

ZK60＋Y镁合金塑性变形后组织和性能研究

对真空熔炼后的ZK60 Y镁合金在380℃下进行热挤压,随后取部分挤压棒在400℃下轧制成厚3mm的薄板。通过金相分析、室温力学拉伸试验、透射电镜分析研究了经塑性变形的ZK60 Y镁合金显微组织及力学性能。结果表明,薄板的显微组织中有大量的第二相,大部分呈条带状分布在基体上,透射电镜分析表明这些第二相颗粒包括纳米级大小的颗粒;经过轧制的薄板的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率均较挤压后的棒材有所下降,薄板的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为263MPa、235MPa和15%。     

3D打印砂型铸造Al-7Si-0.4Mg合金的组织和力学性能

利用ProCAST软件对不同壁厚(5～30 mm)阶梯件的充型和凝固过程进行模拟,结合模拟结果进行浇注实验,重点研究壁厚对3D打印砂型铸造Al-7Si-0.4Mg合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着壁厚减小,合金中α(Al)的二次枝晶臂间距、共晶硅尺寸以及含Fe相的尺寸均减小;而合金的致密度和拉伸力学性能显著升高。T6态下,合金的最高(壁厚5 mm)抗拉强度为279 MPa,断后伸长率为2.13%。随着壁厚减小,合金的凝固冷却速度增加,组织得到细化,致密度提高,合金的强度和伸长率提高。此外,3D打印砂型铸造的铝合金性能受到砂模粘结剂含量的制约,断后伸长率较低。     

AZ31镁合金的热挤压变形和力学性能分析

为了掌握高精度镁合金管材的生产工艺,通过对铸锭的均匀化处理,借助500 t挤压机、拉伸试验机、金相显微镜和透射电镜(TEM)对AZ31镁合金管材的等温挤压过程进行了研究,试制了AZ31镁合金挤压薄壁管材,获得了尺寸精度高、粗糙度小和壁厚差小的管材;分析了不同挤压条件下的AZ31镁合金管材的尺寸精度、组织、力学性能.研究结果表明:在挤压温度为623士20K挤出管材经523K×3h退火时其性能较好,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为270 MPa,175 MPa和23.1%.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.