葡萄籽提取物研究进展

葡萄籽提取物是一种新型高效抗氧化剂。对葡萄籽提取物的组成、应用现状、生产工艺方法及生产中存在的问题、产品检测方法及产品标签进行了综述，并展望葡萄籽提取物的发展前景。     

葡萄籽提取物抗氧化功能的实验研究

目的研究葡萄籽提取物的抗氧化功能。方法以SPF级雄性昆明种小鼠为实验动物，根据小鼠体重随机分为5组，每组10只，分别是空白组、模型组和低、中、高3个剂量组，空白组和模型组每天经口给予溶剂植物油，剂量组每天经口给予葡萄籽提取物，连续灌胃30d，取血测抗氧化酶活性。此后除空白对照外，各组射线全身一次性照射5～8Gy ^60Coγ，照射后第4天处死动物，取肝组织测过氧脂质含量和抗氧化酶活性，比较各剂量组与模型组的差别。结果经口给予小鼠葡萄籽提取物30d，高、中剂量组小鼠血中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，以及高剂量组小鼠血中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）和肝组织中GSH—Px、SOD活性均明显高于模型组，各剂量组小鼠肝中丙二醛（MDA）水平均明显低于模型组。结论葡萄籽提取物有降脂质过氧化的作用，有抗氧化功能。     

葡萄籽提取物对葵花籽油抗氧化活性的研究

研究葡萄籽提取物对葵花籽油的抗氧化性能,实验证实葡萄籽提取物对油脂氧化有很好的抑制作用。在油脂中葡萄籽提取物的抗氧化性强于Vc、VE,预示其在粮油食品中具有广阔的应用前景。     

葡萄籽提取物抗氧化功能的实验研究

目的研究葡萄籽提取物的抗氧化功能。方法以SPF级雄性昆明种小鼠为实验动物,根据小鼠体重随机分为5组,每组10只,分别是空白组、模型组和低、中、高3个剂量组,空白组和模型组每天经口给予溶剂植物油,剂量组每天经口给予葡萄籽提取物,连续灌胃30 d,取血测抗氧化酶活性。此后除空白对照外,各组射线全身一次性照射5～8 Gy 60Coγ,照射后第4天处死动物,取肝组织测过氧脂质含量和抗氧化酶活性,比较各剂量组与模型组的差别。结果经口给予小鼠葡萄籽提取物30 d,高、中剂量组小鼠血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以及高剂量组小鼠血中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和肝组织中GSH-Px、SOD活性均明显高于模型组,各剂量组小鼠肝中丙二醛(MDA)水平均明显低于模型组。结论葡萄籽提取物有降脂质过氧化的作用,有抗氧化功能。     

葡萄籽多酚提取物的提取工艺研究

以榨过油的酿酒葡萄籽为原料,水为提取溶剂,考虑不同因素对提取效率的影响,如粉碎度、料水比、温度、提取时间、提取次数等,在单因素实验的基础上进行正交实验.分析结果表明,各因素影响效果依次为温度、提取次数、提取时间和料水比,粉碎度对提取效果影响不显著.最终工艺确定为100℃,料水比1：9,提取三次,每次1.5h.所得水溶液浓度约为1mg/mL,经冷冻干燥得葡萄籽多酚提取物粉末,其产率为3.3%.     

葡萄籽提取物及其应用

１概述近年来许多研究人员发现,爱饮和常饮葡萄酒的人患动脉硬化的少,并推断是由于葡萄酒中含有一种有效成分多酚类化合物-原花青素苷（暂译名,Ｐｒｏａｎｔｈｏｃｙｓｎｄｉｎ）。试验表明,原花青素昔是存在于植物体中的缩合型鞣质,即黄烷－３－酚或黄烷－３,４－...     

葡萄籽提取物用于棉针织物染色的研究

将葡萄籽提取物作为染料用于棉针织物染色,通过单因素实验确定最佳染色工艺条件为:温度80℃、染料质量浓度5 g/L、pH值3。并对染色后的织物相关性能进行了测试,结果表明,经过葡萄籽提取物染色的棉针织物的色牢度较好,织物的密度和顶破强力变大,织物的悬垂性有一定的变化,为葡萄籽提取物用于棉针织物染色提供了相关依据。     

葡萄籽提取物生理活性及其提取研究

葡萄籽提取物具有多种生理活性而成为有关科研工作者的研究热点。综述了葡萄籽提取物生理活性及其提取分离研究进展,并对葡萄籽提取物的开发利用前景进行了展望。      

葡萄籽提取物抑菌活性及葡萄籽油化学成分对比研究

研究了葡萄籽提取物的抑菌活性,并测定了两种葡萄籽油的化学成分。以宁夏贺兰山东麓产区两种酿酒葡萄的葡萄籽为原料,通过微生物抑菌圈实验,测定了葡萄籽不同极性有机溶剂提取物、两种葡萄籽油对三种细菌的抑菌活性;同时,采用气相色谱联合质谱法(chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定了葡萄籽油的化学成分。结果表明,葡萄籽提取物的抑菌活性由强到弱排列如下:正丁醇萃取物(N-butanol part of 95% ethanol total extracts,TEN)>95%乙醇总浸提物(95% ethanol total extracts,TE)>石油醚萃取物(Petroleum ether part of 95% ethanol total extracts,TEP)>乙酸乙酯萃取物(Ethyl acetate part of 95% ethanol total extracts,TEE)>两种葡萄籽油(Oil-1、Oil-2);TEN样品在0.20 g/mL浓度时对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌显示出强抑菌效果,对枯草芽孢杆菌也显示出较强抑菌效果。此外,两种酿酒葡萄的葡萄籽油化学成分种类相似,Oil-1、Oil-2中分别鉴定出11个和10个化合物,主要组成成分为脂肪酸和酯类,但各成分含量差异较大,Oil-1、Oil-2的亚油酸含量分别为55.36%、43.97%,除亚油酸外Oil-1中其余相同成分的含量均低于Oil-2。本实验提示葡萄籽正丁醇萃取物可以应用于食品的保鲜防腐,为葡萄籽的药用食用开发利用提供基础理论支持。     

功能食品配料——葡萄籽提取物的综合研究

本文综合介绍葡萄籽提取物的研究进展,内容包括葡萄籽提取物的结构、理化性质、测定方法、保健功能、生产工艺以及葡萄籽提取物的研究、应用现状和发展前景。     

The effects of grape seed extract fortification on the antioxidant activity and quality attributes of bread

The antioxidant activity change of breads added with grape seed extract (GSE) was investigated. The results showed that bread with the addition of GSE had stronger antioxidant activity than that of blank bread, and increasing the level of GSE addition further enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the bread. However, thermal processing caused antioxidant activity of GSE added to bread to decrease by around 30–40%. We also studied the effect of GSE on the formation of detrimental N^ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a famous advanced glycation endproduct in bread. According to the results, GSE could reduce CML in bread and acted in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, except for an acceptable colour change, adding GSE to bread had only little effect on the quality attributes of the bread. Altogether, our findings indicate that GSE-fortified bread is promising to be developed as a functional food with relatively lower CML-related health risks, yet a high antioxidant activity.     

Addition of grape seed extract and bearberry to porcine diets: Influence on quality attributes of raw and cooked pork

The effect of supplementation of pig diets with grape seed extract (GSE) (100, 300, 700 mg/kg feed) and bearberry (BB) (100, 300, 700 mg/kg feed) for 56 days pre-slaughter, on the oxidative stability and quality of raw and cooked M. longissimus dorsi (LD) was examined. Susceptibility of porcine liver, kidney and heart tissue homogenates to iron-induced (1 mM FeSO₄) lipid oxidation was also investigated. In raw LD steaks, stored in modified atmosphere packs (75% O₂:25% CO₂) (MAP) for up to 16 days at 4 °C, surface lightness (CIE ‘L’ value), redness (CIE ‘a’ value), lipid stability (TBARS, mg MDA (malondialdehyde)/kg muscle) and pH were not significantly affected by supplemental GSE or BB. Similarly, the oxidative stability and sensory properties of cooked LD steaks, stored in MAP (70% N₂:30% CO₂), for up to 28 days at 4 °C, were not enhanced by dietary GSE or BB. Iron-induced lipid oxidation increased in liver, kidney and heart tissue homogenates over the 24 h storage period and susceptibility to oxidation followed the order: liver > heart > kidney. Dietary GSE or BB did not significantly reduce lipid oxidation in tissue homogenates. Potential reasons for the lack of efficacy of supplemental GSE and BB on pork quality were explored.     

葡萄籽油生产工艺研究

葡萄酒生产过程中的下脚料经烘干等处理，分出葡萄籽（主要是皮和籽）。然后经脱壳、粉碎等处理，并进行一次性浸出取油，再经精制可得到优质食用葡萄籽油。采用脱壳和一次浸出制油工艺，不仅可以提高出油率，而且还能使制油后饼粕中的纤维素降低，蛋白质提高，从而大大增加了饼粕的营养价值。浸出的毛油经脱酸、脱色、脱臭处理，获得的精制油达到并超过国际葡萄籽油标准。对葡萄酿酒后的下脚料（葡萄籽占２０％—２６％）合理地综合利用，不仅可减少环境污染，而且还可以增加社会效益、经济效益。     

Physico-mechanical properties of chitosan films with carvacrol and grape seed extract

The physico-mechanical properties of 3 films composed by carvacrol, grape seed extract (GSE) and chitosan in different proportions were studied. The films, prepared by solvent casting technique with the following compositions of the casting solutions in carvacrol, GSE and chitosan: film-1: 9.6 ppm–684 ppm–1.25% w/v, film-2: 60 ppm–400 ppm–1.2% w/v and film-3: 90 ppm–160 ppm–1.24% w/v and were compared to a control (1.25% w/v chitosan) film. Mechanical, structural, barrier and colour properties of the films were evaluated. Film-3 presented the lowest water vapour and carbon dioxide permeabilities (WVP and CO₂P) and tensile strength (TS) values and the highest oxygen permeability (O₂P), whereas film-1 presented the highest water content and the lowest crystallinity, CO₂P, TS and luminosity. These results suggest that in the range studied, carvacrol and GSE affect the film structure and its mechanical properties due to hydrophilic (GSE) and hydrophobic (carvacrol) compounds. This work will help the development of edible films, based on physico-mechanical properties, contributing to food preservation and shelf-life extension.     

In vitro study of antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity on oral anaerobes of a grape seed extract

Grape seeds are considered rich sources of polyphenolic compounds that show antioxidant or antimicrobial effects. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of a grape seed extract (GSE) on two oral anaerobes closely associated with periodontal diseases and its antioxidant action.     

Effects of grape seed extract on the oxidative and microbial stability of restructured mutton slices

The antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE) was studied in restructured mutton slices (RMS) under aerobic and vacuum packaging conditions during refrigerated storage. The RMS treated with grape seed extract (GSE) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values and free fatty acids (FFA) % compared to control (C) and butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) treated RMS during storage at 4 ± 1 °C. Addition of GSE significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the total psychrophilic and coliform counts in RMS during refrigerated storage. The GSE treated mutton slices recorded significantly (P < 0.05) superior scores of color, flavor, juiciness and overall palatability than C and BHA treated RMS. The TBARS values, FFA % and microbial counts increased significantly (P < 0.05) during storage. It can be concluded that GSE has excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties compared to control and BHA treated RMS during refrigerated storage under aerobic and vacuum conditions.     

Evaluation of total phenol content and antioxidant properties of encapsulated grape seed extract in yoghurt

The effect of encapsulated (En) and nonencapsulated (NE) grape seed extract (GSE) at 1% level added to milk before its fermentation was evaluated on the physicochemical properties, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the resulting yoghurt. Encapsulated GSE resulted in a product comparable to the control, based on sensory properties, acidity, water‐holding capacity, viscosity and colour, along with a threefold increase in total phenolic content and fourfold increase in antioxidant activity. The GSE addition resulted in no effect on the viability of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus subsp. delbrueckii counts. The product with NE‐GSE had poor sensory properties and lesser polyphenol stability during storage as compared to En‐GSE yoghurt.     

葡萄籽提取物体外抗氧化活性的研究

通过测定DPPH自由基的清除率、羟自由基的清除率、还原力以及螯合金属的能力,并与天然抗氧化剂VC、VE、儿茶素、蜂胶和合成抗氧化剂BHT、TBHQ、PG进行比较,研究葡萄籽提取物(Grape seed extract,GSE)的抗氧化活性。结果显示:GSE具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力、还原能力和螯合金属铁离子的能力,均高于VE、蜂胶、BHT;GSE清除羟自由基的能力较弱,低于VC、VE、儿茶素、蜂胶、BHT、TBHQ。表明GSE的抗氧化机理与自由基、还原力和螯合金属离子有关。