薛荔籽果胶对去势雌性大鼠矿物质吸收的影响

目的:探讨薛荔籽果胶对去势雌性大鼠矿物质吸收的影响。方法:将30只SD成年雌鼠随机分为5组。4组大鼠做双侧卵巢切除手术,一周后分为空白组和薛荔籽果胶高、中、低剂量组;用伪切除同龄大鼠作对照(Sham组)。喂养4周后解剖,测定盲肠内容物pH值、短链脂肪酸、骨钙、骨磷含量及矿物质元素的表观吸收等指标。结果:去势雌性大鼠对钙、镁、磷、锌和铁元素的表观吸收率及骨钙和骨磷含量显著低于正常大鼠(P<0.05)。薛荔籽果胶能显著增加去势雌性大鼠短链脂肪酸含量和盲肠面积(P<0.05),降低盲肠pH值,并且在一定程度上抑制钙、镁、磷、锌和铁元素的表观吸收率。结论:薛荔籽果胶能降低去势雌性大鼠矿物质的表观吸收率。     

母乳与婴儿乳粉中所含矿物质元素的分析

为了考察在母乳及市售婴儿乳粉中的矿物质元素，我们对所含的钙、磷、钾、钠、铜、锌等进行了分析。通过检测分析，我们发现：母乳中的大部分矿物质元素含量丰富，易于吸收，它是喂哺婴儿的最佳食品。但母乳却不能作为喂哺婴儿的唯一食品，还需要添加婴儿乳粉来补充母乳中含量较低的极少数矿物质元素，以充分满足婴儿的生长需要。     

什么叫成酸性食品和成碱性食品?

许多食品经人体代谢后 产生少量矿物质残渣或灰分。其灰分在水中呈酸性、碱性或中性反应。食品酸碱反应是指食品在体内经代谢分解后释放其矿物元素所表现的潜在酸度或碱度。这些矿物质的功能对维持体内酸碱平衡十分重要。食品按其矿物质含量中成酸元素(氯、磷、硫)和成碱元素     

机体钙营养与合理补钙

钙是人体中含量最多的矿物质元素,其缺乏会引起机体发生一系列病变,综述钙的生理功能、钙在体内的调节、钙的代谢、影响钙吸收的因素、我国钙缺乏现状及改善钙缺乏的方法.     

酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPP）的生理活性及其在功能食品中的应用

酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPP）是从牛奶酪蛋白中分离提纯的富含磷酸丝氨酸的天然多肽，可在小肠内与钙，铁等矿物质形成可溶性络合物，具有促进人体对钙，铁吸收的生理活性。本文综述了钙，铁元素的生理功能，影响吸收利用的各种因素及缺乏症。论述了CPP的研究历史，理化性质及制造方法，CPP在体外模拟小肠理想环境阻止钙，铁沉淀的效应，CPP生理效果的动物实验及CPP的毒理学评价。分析了CPP在功能食品方面的应用前景。     

阳光维生素 缺了易患心脏病 足了有助延缓衰老

维生素D是一种脂溶性维生素，一向来被看作是一种作用于钙、磷代谢的激素前体。维生素D能促进小肠对钙的吸收，其代谢活性物促进肾小管重吸收磷和钙，提高血钙，血磷浓度，或维持及调节血浆钙、磷正常浓度。一般认为，维生素D缺乏时，人体吸收钙、磷能力下降，钙、磷不能在骨组织内沉积，成骨作用受阻。     

食品成分对鱼鳞肽-钙复合物生物利用度的影响

鱼鳞肽具有一定的矿质离子结合能力,在钙离子存在的条件下,可与钙离子复合生成鱼鳞肽-钙复合物。研究采取Caco-2细胞模型与动物模型研究食品成分磷、VD3及植酸对鱼鳞肽-钙复合物生物利用度的影响。结果表明,食品中的磷可显著促进肽-钙复合物钙的吸收,提高其生物利用度,在Caco-2细胞与动物模型中,其钙吸收率分别提高了10.7%和39.8%(P0.05);VD3可促进无机钙的吸收,但对肽-钙复合物的吸收及转运无显著影响(P0.05);肽-钙复合物均可缓解食品成分植酸对钙离子的沉淀作用,提高其生物利用度。动物实验结果进一步证实,磷缺乏组大鼠钙表观吸收率及血清钙均低于正常组(P0.05),而VD3缺乏组和添加植酸对钙的吸收无显著影响。研究进一步证实,食品成分对无机钙与肽-钙复合物生物利用度的影响存在差异,推测与其不同的钙吸收及钙转运机制有关。     

蜂蜜酒的营养价值与保健作用

蜂蜜酒营养成分测定表明:蜂蜜酒中含有17种氨基酸和葡萄糖、果糖、VA、VE以及矿物质等人体必需的生理活性物质,其中氨基酸、VE、果糖和矿物质中的钠、钙、磷含量较高。从这些生理活性物质的代谢过程,阐明了蜂蜜酒对人体的保健作用。     

高钙骨泥的加工工艺

高钙骨泥做为一种营养食品和强化剂,其营养成分含量较丰富,同时钙、磷铁等元素的含量与肉相比又高出数倍,是易于人体吸收的有机钙、磷和血色素铁良好的补充源,因此,已引起国内外营养与食品界专家们的关注和肯定。为进一步开发利用高钙骨泥和研制生产系列产品,现将有关加工工艺和质控指标分述如下:     

营养保健即食香肠的研制

加工制作香肠的配料中，添加内浆肉泥，增加了香肠的钙、磷、铁等元素含量和多各虚实成分，由于骨浆肉泥中含的磷脂肪和磷蛋白不饱和状，很易被人体吸收所含有的钙质，有保护维生素的功能，其中，钙、磷是幼儿、青少年时期壮身健脑、生长发育的重要元素， 香肠中添加骨浆肉尼，可使其风株独特、食用性好、老少皆宜，故成为一种新型的营养保健肉类食品。它的研制开发，将产生较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

钙代谢及生理功能研究进展

钙是人体无机元素中含量最多的元素,具有重要的生理功能。本文综述了钙在人体中的存在形式及代谢,钙的生理功能,钙的吸收及影响因数,钙的摄取量及缺钙的严重后果,为人们科学合理补钙提供有益参考。     

食源性钙螯合肽的研究概况

食源性螯合肽是本身具有螯合矿物质元素活性,并可提高机体对矿物质元素生物利用度的一类肽。具有钙结合活性的肽可有效地运输钙离子通过肠上皮细胞,被机体利用吸收。文章对近年来国内外文献报道的食源性钙螯合肽的制备、分离纯化、结构特征、生物活性和生物利用度进行梳理总结,以期为补钙产品的研发及资源的高效、高值化、可持续开发利用提供参考。     

Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">cheonggukjang</Emphasis> containing arrowroot isoflavones on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats

The effects of dietary supplementation with cheonggukjang containing arrowroot isoflavones (AIC) on bone mineral density and bone metabolism were investigated in 6-week old ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 groups: sham (sham-operation and basal diet), OVX (ovariectomy and basal diet), OVX+C (ovariectomy and basal diet with 5% cheonggukjang), and OVX+AIC (ovariectomy and basal diet with 5% AIC). Eight weeks following ovariectomy, body weight gain, and serum alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly reduced in OVX+C and OVX+AIC. Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in OVX+AIC. Although urinary calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine levels increased after ovariectomy, they decreased in OVX+AIC. Bone mineral densities decreased in OVX but significantly enhanced after C and AIC supplementation. Bone mineral content did not significantly differ between OVX+AIC and sham. Thus, these results suggest that AIC may prevent bone loss in OVX rats.     

Prebiotics enhance magnesium absorption and inulin-based fibers exert chronic effects on calcium utilization in a postmenopausal rodent model

Abstract: Age‐related changes in calcium metabolism play a role in the development of osteoporosis. A 4‐wk feeding study was conducted in 5‐mo‐old ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague‐Dawley rats to assess the effect of various dietary fibers on mineral metabolism and bone health parameters. There were 6 treatment groups: sham‐Control, OVX‐Control, OVX rats receiving daily estradiol (E₂) injections, and OVX rats receiving an AIN‐93M diet supplement with either an inulin‐based fiber (Synergy1® or Fruitafit HD®) or a novel fiber (polydextrose) at 5% wt. of diet. Calcium and magnesium metabolic balances were performed after early (3 d) and late exposure (4 wk) to dietary treatments. Rats receiving polydextrose had significantly higher net calcium absorption efficiency and retention than all control groups and a trend (P≤ 0.10) for higher calcium absorption when compared to inulin‐based fibers after early exposure but the advantage did not persist over long‐term exposure. The inulin‐based fibers had positive chronic effects on calcium metabolism that were related to changes in the gut, that is, production of short chain fatty acids and higher cecal wall weights. All fibers improved magnesium absorption and retention in early and late metabolic balances; effects on magnesium metabolism were more pronounced than for calcium. Practical Application: Steady growth in US middle‐aged and elderly populations has led to higher incidences of several chronic diseases including osteoporosis, a bone disease that primarily affects postmenopausal women. Recent research suggests that certain dietary fibers (prebiotics) enhance mineral absorption and may impart bone health benefits. This work examines the impact of prebiotic supplementation on mineral metabolism and bone health using a postmenopausal rat model. Study findings will aid future investigations in ascertaining the factors related to potential bone health benefits of prebiotic which will aid in developing an effective prebiotics food product/supplement that will address the bone health needs of consumers.     

不同骨密度测量方法在补钙剂评价中的应用

目的:评价某补钙为主保健食品增加大鼠骨密度的功效,比较双能X线吸收法(DEXA)与阿基米德定律法在骨密度测量中的应用。方法:参照《保健食品检验与技术评价规范》(2003版")增加骨密度功能检验方法"方案一,将45只断乳Sprague-Dawley大鼠按体质量随机分为碳酸钙对照组、低钙对照组和保健品低、中、高剂量组(0.17、0.33、1.00g/kg),对某保健食品进行评价。结果:保健品高剂量组及碳酸钙对照组大鼠在钙表观吸收率、质量增加量、骨密度及骨钙含量上明显高于低钙对照组(P<0.05)。除骨密度外,保健品高剂量组同碳酸钙对照组相比各指标差异不显著;DEXA法与阿基米德定律法所测骨密度结果相关性较好。结论:该保健食品对大鼠有增加骨密度作用;DEXA法与阿基米德定律法均可用于动物实验中骨密度的测定。     

Impact of goat milk powdered formulations on mineral absorption,peak bone mass and bone loss due to ovariectomy in rats

BACKGROUND: Goat milk is recognised as nutritious, with benefits to growth and skeletal development. The initial aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different goat milk formulae—a whole milk, a skim milk and a goat milk growing‐up formula fortified with pre‐ and probiotics (Formula 1)—on mineral absorption and retention in rats. The effect of long‐term intake of the fortified formula diet on peak bone mass and post‐ovariectomy bone loss in rats was then investigated in a follow‐up study and was assessed by bone density dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and biomechanical testing of bone ex vivo. RESULTS: Goat whole milk and fortified milk formulations improved calcium and phosphorus absorption and retention. Body composition analysis showed that rats fed the fortified diet had higher body calcium and phosphorus content. The fortified diet was then tested in a long‐term feeding trial. Rats fed the fortified diet from weaning had a higher peak bone mass than rats fed a soy protein control diet. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) of the lumbar spine were higher in rats fed the fortified diet. After ovariectomy, all rats lost bone mass, but rats fed the fortified diet maintained significantly higher BMD and BMC values throughout the trial, though still lower than those of non‐ovariectomised control rats. The fortified diet increased bone strength. CONCLUSION: Goat milk specific nutrients supported by pre‐ and probiotics in Formula 1 may improve mineral status during growth and support attainment of peak bone mass. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

食品中氟化物含量的检测方法

氟是人体的必需微量元素。适量的氟对牙齿、骨骼、钙磷代谢,以及促进酶的活性都有着积极的作用。但是过量的氟又会造成氟中毒,产生一系列不良影响。本文介绍氟对机体的影响及食品中氟化物含量的检测方法。     

原花青素B2对高脂膳食小鼠钙代谢及股骨基因表达谱的影响

目的：探究原花青素B2对高脂膳食小鼠钙代谢异常与股骨基因表达的影响。方法：将27 只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为3 组：对照组、高脂膳食组和原花青素B2组,原花青素B2添加量为0.2%（以饲料质量计）;持续饲喂8 周后分析小鼠体质量、血浆脂质水平、钙内稳态、钙吸收能力和骨矿物含量的变化,并运用真核有参转录组技术分析小鼠股骨基因表达变化情况。结果：原花青素B2能够显著提高小鼠钙净吸收和贮留能力（P＜0.05）,并显著降低血脂水平和甲状旁腺素质量浓度,改善高脂膳食导致的小鼠骨矿物、股骨钙含量和最大荷载量的降低。高通量测序发现49 个差异共表达基因,原花青素B2可干预其中48 个基因的表达,基因本体论富集分析发现其归属于生物进程和细胞组分两个分支,京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG）富集分析发现共有13 条通路具有显著性富集意义（P＜0.05）,其中涉及钙代谢相关信号转导和代谢通路5 个基因（Cdkn2a、Adrb1、Fcgr4、Aldh1a3和Calml3）的表达量发生显著改变（P＜0.05）。与高脂膳食组相比,原花青素B2下调Cdkn2a、Adrb1、Fcgr4基因表达量分别为9.19、3.68 倍和3.61 倍,上调Aldh1a3和Calml3基因的表达量分别为2.06 倍和3.29 倍。结论：原花青素B2具有干预高脂膳食导致的小鼠钙代谢异常的作用,其可能与下调破骨细胞活性与上调成骨细胞活性相关基因的表达有关。     

Milk proteins and their derived peptides on bone health: Biological functions,mechanisms, and prospects

Bone is a dynamic organ under constant metabolism (or remodeling), where a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation is maintained. Disruption of this coordinated bone remodeling results in bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, the most common bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration. Epidemiological and clinical evidence support that consumption of dairy products is beneficial for bone health; this benefit is often attributed to the presence of calcium, the physiological contributions of milk proteins on bone metabolism, however, are underestimated. Emerging evidence highlighted that not only milk proteins (including individual milk proteins) but also their derived peptides positively regulate bone remodeling and attenuate bone loss, via the regulation of cellular markers and signaling of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This article aims to review current knowledge about the roles of milk proteins, with an emphasis on individual milk proteins, bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins, and effect of milk processing in particular fermentation, on bone metabolism, to highlight the potential uses of milk proteins in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, and, to discuss the knowledge gap and to recommend future research directions.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法在药品元素检测中的应用

药品及药品原料中含有的重金属及有害元素如砷、汞、铅、铬、镉等会对身体产生很大的毒副作用,而药品及药品原料中含有的必需微量元素及矿物质元素如铁、铜、锌、锰、硒、硅等摄入过量、不足也会不同程度引起人体生理的异常。因此,药品中元素检测对于药品质量控制具有重要的意义。常见药品中元素的检测方法有原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、比色法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法等。本文对电感耦合等离子体质谱法在药品检测中的应用包括重金属及有害元素检测、微量及矿质元素检测、常规元素检测、同位素元素检测、元素形态检测进行了探讨。结果表明,电感耦合等离子体法用于药品的元素检测时,线性关系、精密度、检出限和回收率都符合检测需求。电感耦合等离子体质谱法检出限低,线性范围宽,可实现多元素同时测定和同位素元素检测,且与其他分离设备联用可用于元素形态分析,因此被广泛应用于药品的元素检测。