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<正> 自从1868年瑞士科学家米歇尔发现核酸,至今100多年来,核酸的研究始终处于生物科学的核心,然而将核酸作为人类必需的营养素,却是近几十年的事情。1977年,美国医学博士弗兰克首创了核酸营养学和核酸代谢疗法,并通过20年的临床试验,使数以  相似文献   

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目的:应用Meta分析法比较食管癌术后患者给予肠内营养与免疫肠内营养的临床疗效.方法:计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、CBM、CNKI、万方、维普,查找相关用免疫肠内营养治疗食管癌的随机对照试验(RCT),同时检索相关资料追溯参考文献.由2位评价者按照纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献、...  相似文献   

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核酸在营养免疫中的功能   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
贾伟 《食品科学》1997,18(5):7-10
当营养不良伴随感染时则危及免疫系统,使免疫功能低下。因为蛋白质是机体免疫系统组成的基础物质,脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质也是必需物质,但有人认为机体自身生”成的内源性核酸,已足够需要,一般都不把外源性核酸的补给当做问题。相反对核酸在机体中的代谢物──“嘌呤硷”生成的尿酸,及形成的“尿结石”或“痛风症”却相当重视。据报导:美国人弗兰克[1]经20多年的研究证明:人体自身合成的核酸并不多,不能满足机体细胞新陈代谢的需要,常影响免疫系统的功能。他发现:20岁以后的成年人,合成核酸的能力日益衰退,所以需要从食物中提供。弗兰克还在临床上发现[2]:中、青年人虽然在膳食中使蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、维生素、  相似文献   

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冠状病毒具有一层脂质膜。虽然复制需要劫持宿主的RNA工具来合成病毒体蛋白,但必须将其包裹在脂质膜中,促其萌生以扩展感染。最近研究表明,某些必需脂肪酸可以抑制其复制活性。脂质膜通常被认为是水溶物的脂肪屏障,但它对细胞和亚细胞的功能是高度有序和组分特异性的,其对病毒外壳可能也有最佳的特异性。虽然复制中DNA、RNA和蛋白质组成不受饮食影响,但脂质膜受其影响。此外,自1960年代以来,人们就知道男性对这些必需脂肪酸和膜完整性不足的敏感性高于女性。有证据表明,花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸具有抗病毒、免疫、抗炎、控制血压和消退素活性,因此,迫切需要考察它们在Covid-19预防和治疗中的地位,也需重新评估现行的膳食指导。当前,有关脑、神经、血管和免疫系统等富含膜系统对脂质需求还尚未被详细认识。毫无疑问,这些脂质在几百万年来塑造人类基因组方面具有重要意义,因此,如果这些膜脂质失衡将会使人类面临机体紊乱和感染风险,且男性比女性风险更大。  相似文献   

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在传统的造纸综合废水生化处理的基础上,根据微生物营养学原理,应用BIFE-Ⅰ、BIFE-Ⅲ系列有机营养剂改善活性污泥中微生物群落的结构,调整出丝状微生物与菌胶团共生、生态系统完整的微生物群落,大大提高了生化系统对水体中有机污染物,特别是难生化降解木质素等污染物质的降解效果,出水CODCr可稳定小于150mg/L,在120mg/L左右,对有机污染物的去除率高于90%。  相似文献   

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脂类在动物营养中的作用与研究进展   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
脂类是一大类营养物质,它在动物营养学中的重要作用日益得到重视,通过动物营养原理生产富含多不饱和脂肪酸的功能产品;脂类与动物免疫,疾病的关系;磷脂类饲料添加剂的作用与研制开发,对脂类在动物营养中的作用与研究进展作了详细的综述。  相似文献   

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蜂巢的营养及其在食品工业中的开发前景   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
蜂巢是蜜蜂生活和繁殖后代的场所,含有大量的蜂蜜、蜂王浆、花粉、蜂胶和蜂蜡等物质,具有很好的抗菌、消炎和抗肿瘤等功效,是天然的保健药物。综述当前国内外对蜂巢营养研究与利用状况,展望其今后在食品工业中开发与利用前景,以期为蜂巢的深加工提供理论参考。  相似文献   

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维生素C对中国对虾的营养和免疫作用及其最适剂型   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
论述了维生素C对中国对虾的营养作用,对对虾蜕壳的影响,以及对虾对维生素C的缺乏症;LAPP对中国对虾缺氧耐受力及免疫抵抗力的影响;各类维生素C产品在不同条件下的稳定性;不同剂型维生素C对中国对虾生长的影响。  相似文献   

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王红萍 《肉类研究》2010,24(8):9-11,66
肉是营养密集的动物性食品,富含人体生长发育所必需的蛋白质,氨基酸,脂肪,维生素,矿物质及微量元素,对人体的生长发育生理机能调节及维持正常生活活动起着重要作用.  相似文献   

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Considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide and its relationship with immune response to viral infections, this study attempted to identify the predictive power of serum vitamin D for poor outcomes among the COVID-19 patients. This retrospective cohort study included all patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized between February 20, 2020, and April 20, 2020, at a designated COVID-19 hospital, located in Tehran province, Iran. General characteristics, medical history and clinical symptoms were recorded by trained physicians. Blood parameters including complete blood count, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and vitamin D were tested. This study included 290 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (the mean age [SD]: 61.6 [16.9], 56.6% males), of whom 142 had vitamin D concentrations less than 20 ng/ml, defined as vitamin D deficiency. COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency were more likely to die (Crude OR [95% CI]: 2.30 [1.25–4.26]), require ICU (2.06 [1.22–3.46]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (2.03 [1.04–3.93]) based on univariate logistic regression results. Although, after adjusting for potentials confounders such as gender and age, the association between vitamin D and need to invasive mechanical ventilation lost its significance, adjusted values for the risk of death and ICU requirement were still statistically significant. Vitamin D deficiency can be considered as a predictor of poor outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, checking serum 25 (OH) D on admission and taking vitamin D supplements according to the prophylactic or treatment protocols is recommended for all COVID-19 patients.  相似文献   

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PurposeTo investigate the behaviour of contact lens (CL) wearers in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn anonymized web-based questionnaire was used to assess demographics, CL history, and activity, CL wear habits and perceived risk of infection due to CL wear during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsA total of 737 participants with an average age of 27.4 (±9.3) years completed the online questionnaire. The vast majority of respondents were soft CL wearers and reported at least two years of CL wear. Patients concerns about the increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to CL wear (40.6 % of participants) were significantly related (χ2(1) = 11.195, p < 0.05) to CL discontinuation (46 % of participants) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This fact joins the significant changes in the frequency of CL wear during the COVID-19 pandemic (χ2(4) = 31.982, p < 0.05), with a tendency to increase occasional CL wear from 29.1 % to 61.8 %. Interestingly, the majority of respondent (87.9 %) indicated that no professional had offered them information related to CL wear and COVID-19, and that they had not sought it on their own (82.2 %).ConclusionThere is a relationship between the perceived risk of infection and CL dropout during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a tendency to change the CL frequency of wear, with an increase in occasional CL wear. During the ongoing pandemic, eye care practitioners should reinforce CL patient education to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and CL-related complications requiring clinical care.  相似文献   

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Nigella sativa is an herbal therapy for various afflictions. It has some potential to be a promising option as an efficacious treatment for COVID-19 patients that can contribute to global healthcare as a relatively cheap therapy but evidence of its use from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is limited. Therefore, to explore the effect of N. sativa in combating COVID-19, we undertook this meta-analysis. We searched several databases to retrieve all RCTs investigating N. sativa for the treatment of COVID-19 as compared to placebo or standard care. We used RevMan 5.4 for all analyses with risk ratio (RR) or odds ratio (OR) as the effect measures. We included a total of seven RCTs in this review. N. sativa significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 compared to the control group (RR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.72; I2 = 0%). N. sativa significantly reduced the rate of viral PCR positivity (RR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.97; I2 = 0%). We did not find any significant difference in the risk of hospitalization (RR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.04 to 1.54; I2 = 0%) and the rate of no recovery (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.15; I2 = 84%) between the two groups. N. sativa is an easily available herbal medicine that may decrease the risk of mortality and improve virological clearance in COVID-19 patients. However, our results are limited by the small number of RCTs available. Further large-scale RCTs are needed to better understand the anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of N. sativa in COVID-19 patients.  相似文献   

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Sensory professionals are limited in conducting sensory evaluation at indoor facilities during the current COVID-19 pandemic period. However, they are eager to find alternative methods for safely continuing sensory evaluation because it is a critical operation component both in food and non-food industries. As an alternative to indoor sensory booths, this study proposes drive-in booths where panelists evaluate test samples in their own vehicles. This study aimed at determining whether a drive-in booth (DIB) environment could be an effective alternative for a laboratory sensory booth (LSB) environment by comparing the two conditions with respect to sensory and emotional responses, participant engagement in sensory evaluation, and participant feelings of safety from the risk of COVID-19 virus during sensory evaluation. A total of 106 consumers evaluated four beverage samples in terms of sensory, hedonic, and emotional aspects both in traditional sensory booths and in their own vehicles. They rated the levels of engagement in sensory evaluation and feeling of safety during sensory evaluation in both test conditions. Overall, the two test conditions did not differ in terms of sensory, hedonic, and emotional responses to the beverage samples. Differentiation patterns based on sensory and/or emotional responses to the four beverage samples were also similar between the two conditions. While participants in the LSB condition showed more involvement and attention toward sample evaluation using their senses, they rated the DIB condition as being more consistent with real-world experience. They also felt safer during sensory evaluation in the DIB condition than in the LSB condition, leading them to be more engaged in the sensory evaluation. This study concluded that the drive-in booth condition can be a valid substitute when the laboratory sensory booth condition is unavailable because of risks from test environmental factors such as those that may be encountered during pandemic or epidemic periods.  相似文献   

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Scope

The purpose of this study was to look into the antiviral activity of a plant extract derived from the roots of the Saussurea lappa as a food supplement against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods and results

Vero E6 cells are employed in the study to test the neutralizing effect of Saussurea lappa extract against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. For anti-viral activity detection, a sensitive real-time cell analyzer (xCELLigence RTCA) with a high repetition rate is used. A challenge experiment in mice is planned as a result of the in vitro analysis. A challenge test against SARS-CoV-2 is performed with 10 adult female K18-hACE2 transgenic mice in each group for this purpose. The mice in the S. lappa Group are gavaged 2 days before the virus is administered intranasally (i.n.). The control group received PBS instead of the extract. SARS-CoV-2 virus is administered i.n. under anesthesia for the first 3 days of the experiment, and S. lappa extract was administered by gavage in the afternoon. On the 10th day, mice in the S. lappa group survived the study, whereas animals in the control group grew ill and/or died. In this study, the extract protects the mice against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in 90% of the cases.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the Saussurea plant has antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in animal models.  相似文献   

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在新冠疫情背景下,针对我国纺织产业在科技发展方面存在的问题,提出了纺织产业科技转型的有效策略——"一个中心、三个重点",即以科技创新能力建设为中心,以推动产业转型升级、加快智能化建设和加快可持续发展为重点.  相似文献   

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The efficacy of administering high doses of vitamin D to patients diagnosed with COVID-19 remains uncertain. We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science) from inception until August 2022, with no limitations on language, to locate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the impact of high-dose vitamin D supplementation (defined as a single dose of ≥100,000 IU or daily dose of ≥10,000 IU reaching a total dose of ≥100,000 IU) on COVID-19 patients. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% CI were calculated. Our meta-analysis included 5 RCTs with a total of 834 patients. High-dose vitamin D supplementation did not show any significant benefits for mortality (I2 = 0.0%, p = .670; RR 1.092, 95% CI 0.685–1.742, p = .711) or intensive care unit (ICU) admission (I2 = 0.0%, p = .519; RR 0.707, 95% CI 0.454–1.102, p = .126) in COVID-19 patients compared to the control group. However, it was found to be safe and well-tolerated (I2 = 0.0%, p = .887; RR 1.218, 95% CI 0.930–1.594, p = .151). Subgroup analysis also showed no benefits in overall mortality, including for patients with vitamin D deficiency (I2 = 0.0%, p = .452; RR 2.441, 95% CI 0.448–13.312, p = .303) or compared to the placebo (I2 = 0.0%, p = .673; RR 1.666, 95% CI 0.711–3.902, p = .240). Our research indicates that there is no evidence to support the efficacy of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in improving clinical outcomes among individuals with COVID-19, in line with previous studies focused on contexts including rickets. Considering the limitations of the study, additional research may be required.  相似文献   

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The surge in panic buying during the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to a temporary shortage of several staples and basic supplies in grocery stores, thus limiting the public’s access to basic needs and exacerbating stress and anxiety. The negative societal consequences of panic buying highlight the importance of understanding and planning for such behavior. This study investigates the main factors that correlate with the perceived importance and timing of panic buying decisions in the US. In doing so, we provide a breakdown of the importance of panic buying across a list of common food and non-food grocery items and show a considerable variation based on product type. We also uncover heterogeneities in the importance and timing of panic buying based on demographic and behavioral characteristics, including residence area, household size, presence of children and elderly in the household, household income, ethnicity, and specific views about COVID-19. Finally, we analyze correlations between the importance of panic buying and various motivations that are believed to underlie this behavior. Results show that the perceived importance of panic buying is most heavily associated with the need for control, belief that it is the smart thing to do, and urge to minimize number of trips to grocery stores.  相似文献   

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