新疆高频进口植物油中塑化剂含量及摄入风险评估

为了掌握新疆高频进口植物油的邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂（PAEs）含量及摄入风险水平,测定了新疆口岸进口的6个品种108份植物油样品中的18种PAEs含量,并对植物油中PAEs急性和慢性膳食摄入风险进行评估。结果表明,108份植物油中共检出2种PAEs,分别为邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯（DEHP）,检出率为81.5%,超出最大残留量的比例为20.4%,其中88份样品检出DBP,含量范围为0.15～2.09 mg/kg,检出中位值为0.24 mg/kg,26份样品检出DEHP,含量范围为0.25～1.95 mg/kg,检出中位值为0.84 mg/kg。红花籽油和葵花籽油较易受DBP和DEHP污染。检出DBP、DEHP的急性膳食摄入风险熵分别为33.40%、15.55%,DBP的慢性膳食摄入风险熵为2.10%,均低于100%,表明进口植物油中PAEs摄入产生的风险是可接受的。该研究有助于从源头有效防控进口植物油质量安全风险,为监管部门精准布控提供技术数据。     

GC-MS法测定设施草莓和土壤中11种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

为了解邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)在设施草莓和土壤中的污染水平,以大棚草莓和土壤为试材,采用GC-MS法测定大棚草莓植株及土壤中的11种PAEs化合物含量。试验结果表明:草莓和土壤样品中均不同程度地检出PAEs,含量在0~0.527 mg/kg之间,其中邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)含量较高。样品中PAEs总含量由高到低依次为茎根果实叶土壤。草莓植株和土壤中普遍存在一定含量的邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物。     

北京设施蔬菜基地土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的 污染水平及污染特征研究

目的开展北京地区典型设施蔬菜基地土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯类(phthalic acid ester,PAEs)污染物污染特征的研究,分析北京设施农业土壤中的PAEs的污染水平和污染特征,评估北京设施土壤中PAEs的潜在风险。方法采集北京昌平、延庆和顺义的10个典型设施蔬菜基地60个大棚的土壤样品,利用超声波提取、气相色谱质谱联用技术分析土壤中15种PAEs。结果在分析的北京设施蔬菜土壤样品中PAEs化合物的检出率为100%,15种PAEs总的浓度范围在0.05~2.02 mg/kg,平均含量为0.98 mg/kg。其中以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)含量最高,其次为邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(Di BP)。结论由于设施菜地地膜的大量应用,使得PAEs成为设施土壤中广泛存在的一类有机污染物,其潜在环境风险值得引起关注。     

河南植烟土壤6种邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征分析

[目的]探索邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)在河南植烟土壤中的污染状况.[方法]采集了7个县区203份耕层土壤样品,气相色谱质谱法分析了邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸正二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)和邻苯二甲酸正二辛酯(DnOP)等...     

RISK21分析工具在邻苯二甲酸酯类物质膳食暴露风险评估中应用研究

目的应用RISK21框架和工具分析我国2～6岁儿童邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己基酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)7种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(PAEs)的膳食暴露风险,为风险管理决策提供科学基础。方法以PAEs的毒性为纵坐标,以暴露为横坐标,以暴露限值(MOE)和不确定系数为参数,应用RISK21工具中RISK PLOT模块,通过矩阵计算,以图形展示2～6岁儿童暴露于7种PAEs的风险大小和等级。应用TTC PLOT模块,分析毒理学资料缺乏的DMP、DEP、DIBP 3种PAEs的暴露风险。结果 RISK PLOT表明一般人群7种PAEs均处于风险较低的绿色区域;高食物消费量人群7种PAEs暴露风险排序为DBP、DIBP、DEHP、DMP、DEP、DINP及BBP, TTC PLOT显示我国2～6岁儿童DMP、DEP、DIBP膳食暴露风险低于相应的毒理学关注阈值(TTC)。结论 RISK21框架和工具可应用于风险评估及其后期的管理决策, RISK21分析结果表明我国2～6岁儿童7种PAEs膳食暴露风险较低。     

养殖罗非鱼肉中邻苯二甲酸酯残留分析

以美国国家环境保护局列出的6种有内分泌紊乱作用的优先控制污染物邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)为目标物,乙腈为提取溶剂,加标鱼肉样品经过超声萃取、OPT固相萃取富集和气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器检测,6种PAEs分离特异性好,检出限0.2～3.8μg/kg之间,回收率33.7%～92.9%,相对标准偏差8.7%～14.6%。广东省主要养殖基地的罗非鱼体内PAEs污染主要有邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DnBP)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP),其中DnBP含量高达38mg/kg(体重,干重),其余三种PAEs的含量在0.2～12.8mg/kg之间。相关分析表明,鱼肉中PAEs的种类、含量与其所处的养殖水中PAEs情况存在显著相关(P<0.01)。养殖水体中PAEs富集是造成鱼类PAEs污染的主要原因之一,建议加强水源质量监控以减少鱼体PAEs污染。     

进口葡萄酒中邻苯二甲酸酯的检测及分析

参考国标GB/T 21911-2008《食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）的测定》,采用气质联用仪（GC-MS）对10个进口国的323个葡萄酒样品中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质进行检测。结果表明,葡萄酒中检出概率较高的PAEs为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBP）、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯（DCHP）。葡萄酒中PAEs的污染主要是由于酿造或贮存过程中,葡萄酒与含有PAEs的生产器具接触导致的,酒精度越高,葡萄酒受PAEs污染的概率越大。     

复合调味料中邻苯二甲酸酯污染分析和风险控制研究

为调研市场上复合调味料中塑化剂污染水平并提出风险控制方法,本实验通过外标法对市场上60种复合调味料及其70种原料样品中的3种常见邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)进行检测;利用气相色谱-质谱联用法对市场上16种包装材料、生产用塑料制品中常见的DBP、DEHP、DINP的含量以及18种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)化合物的迁移量进行测定。结果表明,DBP、DEHP、DINP在复合调味料产品和原料中均有检出,其中DBP的检出率和超标率最高,而生产和包装塑料制品中,有18种PAEs未检出。复合调味料的超标率46.7%,DBP最大值7.91 mg·kg^-1;原料超标率40.0%,DBP最大值31.50 mg·kg^-1。通过分析发现PAEs的污染途径主要包括原料带入的直接污染和产品接触中迁移的间接污染两大类。复合调味料企业需通过识别污染途径,加强原材料和供应商管理,加强生产过程监控等方式,建立PAEs的风险控制系统方案,从而有效降低PAEs风险,保证产品安全。     

QuEChERS-GC-MS联用法检测大麦中14种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂及基质效应的影响

采用QuEChERS结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术建立检测大麦中14 种邻苯二甲酸酯类（phthalate esters,PAEs）塑化剂的高效、准确方法。样品粉碎、过80 目筛,溶于pH 2的水溶液。采用乙腈提取,无水硫酸镁和氯化钠盐析,经十八烷基键合硅胶（C18）净化,C18/大麦比例为50 mg/g;以提取后添加法对大麦中PAEs检测的基质效应评估。结果表明,大麦基质对PAEs均存在基质增强效应,增强比为41.0%～78.1%,采用基质匹配-标准曲线法能较好消除基质效应的影响,提高定量准确度;14 种PAEs在大麦基质3 个加标水平（15、150 μg/kg和500 μg/kg）的平均回收率为73.8%～120.1%,相对标准偏差均小于10%;检出限（3 倍）与定量限（10 倍）分别为0.1～2.5 μg/kg和0.13～5.0 μg/kg。应用该方法对6 个不同产地的大麦原料检测,结果显示：邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（dibutyl phthalate,DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯（bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,DEHP）在6 个样品中均有检出,含量存在差异;参照GB 9685-2008《食品容器、包装材料用添加剂使用卫生标准》规定,本次检出的大麦样品中DBP、DEHP含量均低于允许最大残留限量标准。     

深圳市总膳食中16种邻苯二甲酸酯的污染分布

为深入了解深圳市居民膳食中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的污染分布规律,利用总膳食研究方法对深圳市膳食样品进行处理,采用气相色谱-质谱法分析膳食混样及单样中的16种邻苯二甲酸酯类含量,评估其污染状况。结果显示,混合膳食样品中深圳市城区的DMP、DBP、DIBP、DEP及DEHP的最高含量分别为0.0672,0.3304,0.3590,0.4537,0.4588 mg/kg;农村区DMP、DBP、DIBP、DEP及DEHP的最高含量分别为0.4347,1.8357,0.5051,0.0909,6.1565 mg/kg。城区DEP、DEHP的污染较DMP、DIBP及DBP污染严重,农村区DBP、DEHP的污染较严重。薯类及制品、肉类及制品、蛋类及制品和水产类及制品4类食品的PAEs的污染程度相对较高。单个样品中,黄鳝中DEP的污染程度最高,为14.5378 mg/kg;马铃薯片中DMP的含量最高,为0.8525 mg/kg;鲫鱼中DEHP的含量最高,为13.3437 mg/kg;鹌鹑蛋中DIBP和DBP污染程度较高,分别为0.8562,2.3118mg/kg。相比于国内外报道的数据,深圳市膳食中PAEs整体污染处于较低水平。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the