稻壳源白炭黑对天然橡胶胶料动态性能的影响

研究稻壳源白炭黑的结构及其对天然橡胶(NR)胶料动态性能的影响。结果表明:稻壳源白炭黑的粒径小,比表面积大,分散性较好;随着稻壳源白炭黑用量的增大,NR混炼胶的Payne效应越来越明显,硫化胶的损耗因子呈增大趋势。     

分散剂B-52对白炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响

通过机械共混法制备白炭黑/天然橡胶(NR)复合材料,研究分散剂B-52用量对白炭黑/NR复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着分散剂B-52用量的增大,复合材料的t_(10)和t_(90)呈现出先延长后缩短的趋势,结合胶含量和表观交联密度提高,综合物理性能先提高后有所降低;当分散剂B-52用量为2份时,复合材料的综合物理性能最佳。     

稻壳源白炭黑/炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料的性能研究

试验研究稻壳源白炭黑/炭黑并用对天然橡胶硫化胶性能的影响。结果表明:当稻壳源白炭黑/炭黑用量比较高时,胶料的M_L较大,t_(10)较短,t_(90)较长,物理性能较差;当稻壳源白炭黑、炭黑用量较为均衡时,硫化胶的物理性能变化不大,动态力学性能较好;稻壳源白炭黑/炭黑用量比对硫化胶耐寒性能的影响不大;当稻壳源白炭黑/炭黑用量比为20/40和25/35时,硫化胶的综合性能较好。     

白炭黑补强异戊橡胶与天然橡胶的性能对比研究

对比研究白炭黑补强国产稀土异戊橡胶(IR)与天然橡胶(NR)的硫化特性、物理性能及动态力学性能。结果表明:与NR胶料相比,填充等量白炭黑的IR胶料的ts1和t90缩短,ML和MH减小;硫化胶的定伸应力和拉伸强度减小,拉断伸长率增大;当白炭黑用量为30份时,IR硫化胶的Payne效应最明显,剪切储能模量增大,剪切损耗模量减小,损耗因子增大,白炭黑在IR中的分散较差。     

白炭黑/炭黑配比对天然橡胶基复合材料性能的影响

以硅烷偶联剂作为白炭黑(SiO_2)的表面改性剂,以改性SiO_2/炭黑作为天然橡胶(NR)的混合填料,采用半有效硫化体系制备了NR基复合材料。研究结果表明:当m(SiO_2)∶m(炭黑)=20∶40时,硫化胶中混合填料分散均匀,并且硫化胶的撕裂强度(62 k N/m)相对最高、交联密度相对最大且佩恩效应相对较弱。     

稻壳灰制白炭黑和活性炭的研究

稻壳灰用烧碱浸取，得水玻璃和炭。炭经水洗、干燥和活化得粉状活性炭。水玻璃与硫酸反应得沉淀物，经过滤、洗涤、干燥得白炭黑，二种产品质量均符合标准。可行性确研究表明，工业化的经济效益相当好。     

新型白炭黑对天然橡胶性能的影响

研究自制新型白炭黑对天然橡胶(NR)性能的影响,并与市售白炭黑进行对比。结果表明:与市售白炭黑NR胶料相比,自制白炭黑NR胶料的硫化时间缩短,拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、弹性和耐磨性能较好,生热较低,耐屈挠龟裂性能相当;自制白炭黑用量为30份时胶料综合性能最佳。     

利用稻壳灰制取白炭黑的实验研究

用稻壳做烧锅燃料制取蒸汽,燃烧后产生的稻壳灰含有大量的硅。通过实验研究,旨在找到一种合适的工艺方法,生产出符合国家标准的白炭黑产品,研究表明,该方法切实可行,具有很好的经济效益。     

炭黑/稻壳源白炭黑并用对天然橡胶增强作用的粒径效应

考察了不同粒径炭黑与稻壳源白炭黑并用对天然橡胶(NR)性能的影响。结果表明,随着炭黑粒径的增大,炭黑/稻壳源白炭黑增强NR混炼胶的门尼黏度、最低转矩及最高转矩均变小,加工性能变好。随着炭黑粒径的增大,炭黑/稻壳源白炭黑增强NR硫化胶的拉伸强度降低,邵尔A硬度减小,耐磨性能及耐老化性能变差。N 330与稻壳源白炭黑并用增强NR具有较好的耐寒性能和抗湿滑性能,较低的滚动阻力。     

Application of rice husk ash as fillers in the natural rubber industry

Rice husk ash (RHA) obtained from agricultural waste, by using rice husk as a power source, is mainly composed of silica and carbon black. A two‐stage conventional mixing procedure was used to incorporate rice husk ash into natural rubber. For comparison purposes, two commercial reinforcing fillers, silica and carbon black, were also used. The effect of these fillers on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber materials at various loadings, ranging from 0 to 40 phr, was investigated. The results indicated that RHA filler resulted in lower Mooney viscosity and shorter cure time of the natural rubber materials. The incorporation of RHA into natural rubber improved hardness but decreased tensile strength and tear strength. Other properties, such as Young's modulus and abrasion loss, show no significant change. However, RHA is characterized by a better resilience property than that of silica and carbon black. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the dispersion of RHA filler in the rubber matrix is discontinuous, which in turn generates a weak structure compared with that of carbon black and silica. Overall results indicate that RHA can be used as a cheaper filler for natural rubber materials where improved mechanical properties are not critical. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 34–41, 2005     

稻壳灰在橡胶工业中的应用

概述稻壳灰在橡胶和热塑性弹性体(TPE)中的应用,并对目前存在的问题进行分析,指出今后的研究方向.稻壳灰是稻壳燃烧后的产物,主要成分为二氧化硅.稻壳灰具有来源丰富、价廉和废物回收利用的特点,在橡胶和TPE中可以作为填料使用,其补强作用需在低填充量条件下或经过处理后才能显示出来.今后应加强其性质、表面改性方法和生产工艺对其性质的影响等方面的研究.     

稻壳源白炭黑/炭黑填充天然橡胶复合材料的综合性能研究

采用红外光谱（IR）进行稻壳源白炭黑(SiO2)的成分分析,表明其有机物成分的存在;采用扫描电镜（SEM）进行稻壳源白炭黑微观结构形态分析,表明其粒径小,结构松散,比表面积大,一次结构及其聚集态结构特征明显。通过对填充稻壳源白炭黑的天然橡胶硫化胶低温脆断表面进行扫描电镜分析,表明添加硅烷偶联剂双-（γ-三乙氧基硅基丙基）四硫化物（Si-69）使稻壳源白炭黑呈现一次结构纳米尺度分散,整体分布较为均匀。通过对稻壳源白炭黑/炭黑填充天然橡胶硫化胶的物理机械性能及动态力学性能研究,结果表明随稻壳源白炭黑/炭黑并用比例的改变,其耐寒性、滚动阻力、抗湿滑性能及综合物理机械性能均有不同程度的变化。     

Effect of a silane coupling agent on the properties of white rice husk ash–polypropylene/natural rubber composites

White rice husk ash (WRHA)–polypropylene (PP)/natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared using a Brabender Plasticorder at 180 °C and a rotor speed of 50 rev min^?1. The mechanical and water‐absorption properties were studied. The incorporation of WRHA into the PP/NR matrix has resulted in the improvement of the tensile modulus; however, the tensile strength, elongation at break and stress at yield decreased with increasing WRHA loading. Poor filler matrix interactions are believed to be responsible for the decrease in the properties. Incorporation of a silane coupling agent, 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (3‐APE), improved tensile modulus, tensile strength and stress at yield of the composites. Water‐absorption studies indicate that the use of the coupling agent reduced the amount of water absorbed by the composites. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

由稻壳灰制备的新型硅环氧化合物改性白炭黑增强硅橡胶的性能

用直接从稻壳灰制备的硅环氧化合物(SiE)改性白炭黑增强硅橡胶。结果表明:SiE的加入可显著提高硅橡胶的性能,当其用量为4份时,硅橡胶的综合性能最佳,撕裂强度、拉伸强度及扯断伸长率分别为12.6 kN/m,6.4 MPa和500％,比未改性的分别提高了32.6％,33.3％和31.6％;同时胶料的加工工艺性能亦有很大改善。     

Influence of fineness of rice husk ash and additives on the properties of lightweight aggregate

In this paper, the preparation of lightweight aggregate (LWA) from rice husk ash (RHA) obtained from a biomass power plant was studied. As-received and ground RHAs were mixed with sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) and cured to obtain the hardened sodium silicate paste. The samples were then crushed and heated to form LWA. The LWA was tested for acid and base solubility and for disintegration in boiling water. The results showed that ground RHA-LWA gave better performances in terms of expansion, solubility, and disintegration than the as-received RHA-LWA. However, the disintegration of LWA in boiling water was the main problem. It was found that the incorporation of 2-7% boric acid by weight of RHA alleviated this problem and no sign of disintegration was observed. The density of LWA of 0.20-0.40 g/cm³ was achieved.     

Electrical and thermal properties of γ‐irradiated nitrile rubber/rice husk ash composites

The effects of both the rice husk ash (RHA) loading and fumed silica (FS) loading on the structure, thermal stability, and electrical properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) composites were studied. The filler loading were chosen to be 5 and 20 phr for RHA and 5 and 30 phr for silica. Also, the effect of the γ‐irradiation dose (25 kGy) on these parameters was investigated. The structure and thermal stability were studied with X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Furthermore, some electrical parameters, such as the direct‐current electrical conductivity (σ_dc), activation energy (E_a), dielectric constant (?′), and dielectric loss (?″), were determined. The incorporation of both RHA and FS resulted in improved thermal stability after γ irradiation at 25 kGy. The loading of FS on NBR was shown to decrease σ_dc, ?′, and ?″ and increase E_a. On the other hand, the loading of RHA showed the opposite trend. Finally, γ irradiation of NBR composites filled with both fillers decreased the values of σ_dc, ?′, and ?″ for all the samples, which followed the trend for the unirradiated composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Preparation and characterization of ceramic composites derived from rice husk ash and polysiloxane

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) were prepared from a polysiloxane network filled with rice husk ash (RHA), a reactive filler. CMCs were obtained by pyrolysis at 1000 and 1600 °C of green bodies prepared from a mixture of polysiloxane network and RHA at a weight ratio of 4:1, respectively. The RHA and the CMCs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), in addition to density and mechanical measurements. The CMCs were obtained without macroscopic defects, and their initial observed porosity was reduced by polymeric infiltrations cycles of the polymeric precursor, which improved their flexural strength and modulus up to 100%.     

Reactivity of rice husk ash

Effect of lime:silica ratio on the kinetics of the reaction of silica with saturated lime has been investigated. Below C/S=0.65 the reaction does not proceed to completion and even in the presence of a large excess of silica only 90% lime is consumed. A parameter, lime reactivity index, has been defined to quantity the reactive silica present in rice husk ash. The product of the reaction between rice husk ash and saturated lime is a calcium hydrosilicate, CSH(I)⁷. The fibrilar structure and the hollow tubular morphology of the fibres of CSH, have been explained by a growth mechanism, where the driving force is osmotic pressure.     

The effect of coupling agent and chemical treatment on rice husk ash‐ filled natural rubber composites

Rice husk ash was incorporated into natural rubber (NR) using a laboratory size two‐roll mill. Curing using a conventional vulcanization system (CV) was chosen, and cure studies were carried out on a Monsanto rheometer. Physical testing of the NR vulcanizates involved the determination of tensile, tear, and abrasion resistances, and hardness. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was done to verify the presence of the characteristic functional groups of precipitated silica in MHA (milled husk ash) and THA (treated husk ash). The effect of the coupling agent, bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)‐tetrasulfane (Si‐69), on the curing and physical properties of the vulcanizates was investigated. A chemical treatment on a rice husk ash was done, and the effects of this procedure are also reported. For comparison, two commercial fillers, precipitated silica (Zeosil‐175) and carbon black (N774), were also used. Although the presence of the silane coupling agent had not brought the expected increase in properties, treated husk ash showed exceptional performance in terms of tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the filled vulcanizates. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1019–1027, 2000