元宝枫籽油改善脂多糖诱导的小鼠肠道炎症

该研究探讨元宝枫籽油对脂多糖（LPS,3.5 mg/kg）诱导雄性ICR小鼠肠道炎症的改善作用机制。连续7 d灌服元宝枫籽油后观察小鼠体重、结肠的变化,玉米油为对照。酶联免疫法测定血清及结肠中白介素（interleukin,IL）-1β、IL-6、IL-18和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。qRT-PCR法检测结肠内NOD样受体蛋白3（Nlrp3）,凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（Asc）,半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1（Caspase-1）和Il1β的mRNA水平。元宝枫籽油显著抑制LPS致小鼠体重下降,降低小鼠结肠重量与长度比（p<0.05）。元宝枫籽同时抑制LPS致损伤小鼠血清炎性因子（L-1β：155.66 ng/L、IL-6：75.42 ng/L、IL-18：90.31 ng/L和TNF-α：47.97 ng/L）及结肠炎性因子（IL-1β：188.85 ng/L、IL-6：57.88 ng/L、IL-18：52.29 ng/L和TNF-α：85.69 ng/L）水平;显著降低小鼠结肠髓过氧化物酶水平至81.53 ng/L（vs损伤组：113.59 ng/L,p<0.05）,丙二醛水平至1.04 μmol/g protein（vs损伤组：1.60 μmol/g protein,p<0.05）。此外,与损伤组相比,元宝枫籽油分别抑制Nlrp3（41.80%）、Asc（49.85%）、Caspase-1（31.28%）和Il1β（39.83%）的mRNA表达。综上所述,元宝枫籽油能改善LPS致小鼠肠道炎症反应的机制可能与其抑制结肠内NLRP3小体过度活化有关。     

甲基烯丙基三硫醚对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠炎症因子及肠道菌群的调节作用

该研究探究了甲基烯丙基三硫醚（allyl methyl trisulfide,AMTS）对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠炎症因子及肠道菌群的调节作用。观察小鼠体重、结肠长度、疾病活动指数（DAI）及结肠组织变化,ELISA检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平,16S rRNA系统测序技术检测肠道菌群的变化。研究表明模型组体重下降25.59%,AMTS低、中、高剂量组分别下降4.06%、9.88%和5.45%。模型组DAI值为3.51,AMTS三个剂量组分别为2.60、2.88和2.79。与模型组相比,AMTS的三个干预组都减轻了结肠组织炎症细胞浸润,同时都显著性降低了结肠中促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的水平（p<0.01,p<0.05）。AMTS组较模型组可增加肠道菌群丰度及多样性。与模型组相比,AMTS还能降低拟杆菌、变形菌等数量,提高厚壁菌、乳酸杆菌等有益菌群的数量。研究表明AMTS可通过降低炎症因子水平和增加肠道菌群的多样性缓解溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的症状。     

槲皮素对高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠结肠炎症的改善作用

探讨槲皮素干预对高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠结肠组织炎症的改善作用及机制。将30只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为3组:低脂对照组(low-fat diet, LF)、高脂喂养组(high-fat diet,HF)、高脂喂养+槲皮素干预组(50 mg/kg·BW,HF+Q)。槲皮素干预的给药方式为灌胃给予,每天灌胃1次,持续20周。采用苏木精-伊红染色观察结肠组织形态结构,ELISA试剂盒检测肠内容物中脂多糖(LPS)含量,Real-time PCR和Western Blotting测定结肠中细胞因子[白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平,以及检测槲皮素干预对TLR4/NF-κβ信号通路的影响。槲皮素干预显著减少肥胖小鼠的体重增加(p0.05),修复结肠组织形态学上的损伤,能够显著降低LPS含量至5.04 ng/mL(vs HF组:7.01 ng/mL,p0.05),分别抑制结肠组织中炎性因子TNF-α(39.04%)、IL-1β(17.73%)和IL-6(25.47%)的蛋白表达,以及抑制TLR4/NF-κβ信号通路的激活。结论提示,槲皮素对肥胖小鼠结肠组织炎症具有改善作用,减少炎性因子的表达,其作用机制可能和抑制TLR4/NF-κβ信号通路的激活相关。     

茯苓多糖通过NF-κB和NLRP3信号通路调节脂多糖引起的焦虑和抑郁样行为

目的：探讨茯苓多糖（Poria cocos polysaccharide,PPS）对脂多糖（LPS）引起的焦虑和抑郁样行为的影响,并分析其机制。方法：BV-2细胞分成对照组、LPS组、LPS+氟西汀组、LPS+PPS(PPS分别为4、8、16μmol/L),处理24 h,二氯二氢荧光素二氢乙酸酯（DCFH-DA）荧光探针检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平,Griess法检测培养上清液NO水平,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测培养上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β水平,Western blot实验检测CD206、CD16/32、NF-κB p65水平。动物实验将小鼠分为对照组、模型组、LPS+氟西汀组、LPS+PPS低剂量组（20 mg/kg）、LPS+PPS高剂量组（80 mg/kg）,每组10只,测试抑郁样行为,检测海马组织TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18的浓度,分析海马组织CD206、CD16/32、NF-κB p65、NLRP3、ASC、Cleaved caspase-1蛋白水平。结果：与LPS组比较,4、8、16μmol/L PPS能极显著降低ROS荧光相对强度（P<0.01...     

澳洲坚果油脂对脂多糖诱导小鼠肠道损伤的改善作用研究

澳洲坚果油（MO）富含单不多饱和脂肪酸，尤其是棕榈油酸，具有多种生物活性。本研究采用脂多糖（LPS）构建小鼠肠道损伤模型，研究澳洲坚果油脂对肠道损伤的改善作用及其机理。将小鼠随机分为4组：对照组（CON）、MO组（2.5 mL/（kg·d））、LPS组（5 mg/kg）、LPS+MO组，检测小鼠空肠组织病理变化、抗氧化指标、Toll样受体4/细胞核转录因子（TLR4/NF-κB）基因炎性因子、空肠组织病理学变化、细胞凋亡及炎症通路关键因子表达水平。结果表明：澳洲坚果油改善了LPS诱导的小鼠肠道病理形态；与LPS组相比，LPS+MO组显著增强了总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）水平（P<0.01），降低了丙二醛（MDA）水平（P<0.01）；LPS+MO组TLR4和NF-κB mRNA转录水平以及NF-κB蛋白表达水平显著低于LPS组；MO显著抑制了LPS诱导的肠道促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-a）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）表达水平（P<0.01）。因此，澳洲坚果油具有改善LPS诱导的小鼠急性肠道损伤作用，与提高肠道抗氧化水平和抑制TLR4/NF-κB通路有关。     

英红九号红茶水提物通过调控TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路缓解小鼠的急性酒精中毒

该研究探讨了英红九号红茶水提物（Yinghong NO.9 Black Tea Water Extract,YBTE）缓解小鼠急性酒精中毒作用（Acute Alcoholic Intoxication,AAI）及其机制。采用56°白酒稀释液一次性灌胃方法建立小鼠AAI模型,记录翻正反射消失和恢复时间,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性以及血清和肝脏中乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）的活性,采用Western blot法测定肝脏中核因子-κΒ（NF-κB）、炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）蛋白表达水平。结果表明,不同剂量YBTE均能延长小鼠入睡时间,也能缩短睡眠时间,其中高剂量组小鼠入睡时间延长到40.89 min（p<0.01）,睡眠时间缩短为166.18 min（p<0.01）。与模型组相比,YBTE可降低血清中ALT和AST的活性,提高血清和肝脏中ADH的活性,其中高剂量组ALT活性下降到22.89 U/L（p<0.01）,AST活性下降到29.58 U/L（p<0.01）,血清ADH提高到43.43 IU/mL（p<0.01）,肝脏ADH提高到7.37 IU/mL（p<0.01）,并能下调肝脏中p-NF-κB p65、TNF-α和IL-1β蛋白表达量。YBTE具有良好的缓解AAI的作用,其作用机制可能是促进酒精代谢和下调TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路。     

黑蒜对溃疡性结肠炎BALB/c小鼠炎症反应的影响

目的：通过葡聚糖硫酸钠（dextran sulfate sodium，DSS）诱导的BALB/c小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型，研究黑蒜对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠炎症反应的影响。方法：小鼠自由饮水摄入质量分数4% DSS建立溃疡性结肠炎模型；分别灌胃不同剂量黑蒜水提取液；考察小鼠体质量变化、疾病活动指数（disease activity index，DAI）、病理组织学评分；苏木精-伊红染色观察小鼠结肠组织病理变化，酶联免疫吸附测定法检测小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor α，TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（interleukin 6，IL-6）、IL-1β质量浓度，免疫印迹法检测小鼠结肠组织中TNF-α的表达水平。结果：高、中、低剂量的黑蒜均缓解了DSS引起的小鼠体质量下降；与模型组相比，黑蒜高、低剂量组小鼠DAI评分显著降低（P＜0.05），黑蒜高、中剂量组小鼠病理组织学评分、IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α质量浓度极显著降低（P＜0.01）；结论：黑蒜具有降低BALB/c小鼠溃疡性结肠炎炎症反应的作用。     

榆黄菇多糖对体外诱导炎症模型细胞因子的分泌及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的影响

以榆黄菇为原料,采用水提醇沉法提取榆黄菇粗多糖,Sevage法去除蛋白,利用DEAE-Cellulose离子交换和Superdex-75凝胶层析方法纯化获得PSI和PSII两个组分;通过脂多糖（LPS）刺激建立炎症模型;利用MTT法筛选出两个多糖的优势浓度,采用吸光度分析法测定一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的活力、酶联免疫吸附试剂盒测定细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的分泌水平来评价多糖对RAW264.7细胞的抗炎作用。研究结果显示,LPS浓度为5 μg/mL时,细胞炎症水平达到最高,在模型的基础上筛选出PSI的优势浓度为500 μg/mL、PSII的优势浓度为200 μg/mL;与LPS模型组相比较,PSI对NOS活性、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的分泌水平抑制率分别为37.54%、28.84%、28.27%和30.25%,PSII对NOS活性、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的分泌水平抑制率分别为51.24%、37.56%、31.35%和32.67%。研究证实,榆黄菇多糖PSI和PSII对LPS诱导RAW264.7炎症细胞具有缓解作用,主要表现在抑制炎症细胞因子的分泌水平、促进细胞增殖、降低巨噬细胞的吞噬能力等方面,而对比PSI来说,PSII对于一氧化氮合酶（NOS）以及细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的分泌水平的抑制力要更强,具有更好的抗炎效果。     

小蓬草乙醇提取物对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的抗炎作用

探讨小蓬草乙醇提取物（CME）对葡聚糖硫酸钠（dextran sodium sulfate,DSS）诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的抗炎能力的影响。将小鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、低剂量和高剂量CME组。除正常组外,其余各组小鼠采用DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠模型,并对低剂量和高剂量CME组分别灌胃50和200 mg·kg?1 CME,持续7 d。观察各组小鼠的体重、结肠长度、结肠重量长度比、疾病活动指数（disease activity index,DAI）及结肠组织病理学变化。检测结肠组织中髓过氧化物酶（myeloperoxidase,MPO）、谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）,超氧歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）的水平和结肠肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor, TNF）-α、白介素（Interlukin, IL）-1β、IL-6的分泌水平,以及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）和环氧合酶-2（cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2）的mRNA表达水平。结果表明,相较于模型组,CME组能显著抑制DSS诱导的体重减轻、结肠缩短和肠壁增厚（P<0.05）,结肠长度恢复至7.5 cm（低剂量CME组）和8.6 cm（高剂量CME组）;改善结肠病理组织的粘膜损伤,隐窝丧失和炎症程度;显著提高结肠组织中GSH和SOD的水平（P<0.05）,降低MPO和MDA水平。此外,高剂量CME组还能显著抑制结肠组织中的炎性细胞因子（TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6）的分泌和iNOS、COX-2以及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的mRNA转录（P<0.05）。综合而言,CME通过抑制炎性细胞因子的分泌及炎性介质在结肠组织中的表达而对DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠的具有抗炎作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press