La2O3含量对Al2O3/Cu基复合材料组织与性能的影响

以La₂O₃粉、Al粉、CuO粉为反应物原料、纯铜为基体,采用原位合成技术和近熔点铸造法制备颗粒增强Cu基复合材料,研究La₂O₃对Al-CuO体系制备的Cu基复合材料组织及性能的影响。结果表明：添加La₂O₃可获得纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,且弥散分布于Cu基体中,制备的材料组织更加细小、均匀,其材料的电导率及摩擦磨损性能明显提高。当添加0.6%wtLa₂O₃,复合材料的电导率达到90.2%IACS,磨损量达到最小,相比未添加La₂O₃,其导电率提高10.1%,磨损量减小36.6%。     

Al2O3包覆LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4正极材料的制备及其电化学性能

以Al(NO3)3?9H2O为包覆原料,通过燃烧法制备得到LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3正极材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等表征手段对材料的结构和形貌进行分析,并通过恒电流充放电、循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)等测试分析材料的电化学性能。结果表明,Al2O3包覆没有改变LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4的尖晶石型结构,包覆层厚度约10.6nm。LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3正极材料电化学性能得到了明显改善,1 C和10 C倍率下初始放电比容量分别为119.9 mAh?g-1和106.3 mAh?g-1,充放电循环500次后容量保持率分别为88.4%和78.2%,而未包覆的LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4在1 C和10 C倍率下初始放电比容量分别为121.2 mAh?g-1和104.0 mAh?g-1,500次循环后容量保持率分别为84.1%和67.6%。LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3活化能为32.92 kJ?mol-1,而未包覆材料的活化能为36.24 kJ?mol-1,包覆有效降低了材料Li+扩散所需克服的能垒,提高了材料的电化学性能。     

纳米Y2O3对高Nb-TiAl合金高温蠕变性能的影响

在不同温度、不同应力条件下对高Nb-TiAl合金进行蠕变测试,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析手段探究纳米Y₂O₃对Ti-45Al-6Nb-2.5V合金高温蠕变性能的影响。铸态高Nb-TiAl合金组织为α₂/γ层片结构,纳米Y₂O₃的添加可显著细化合金组织并改善合金的高温拉伸性能。蠕变结果分析得出,添加0.15at.%纳米Y₂O₃会显著改善Ti-45Al-6Nb-2.5V合金的抗蠕变性能,在800℃/300MPa条件下,合金稳态蠕变速率由2.389×10^_-7s^_-1降至1.500×10^_-7s^_-1;在850℃/250MPa条件下,合金的蠕变寿命由14.10h延长至61.50h。添加纳米Y₂O₃提高合金蠕变抗力的机制是Y₂O₃与基体具有较高的结合强度,可以有效阻碍位错运动,减弱孔洞萌生的倾向。经分析,两种合金在800℃/300MPa下的蠕变行为主要受位错攀移与孪晶控制,蠕变损伤断裂机理为孔洞萌生与裂纹扩展。     

LaMgAl11O19涂层的CMAS侵蚀行为研究

为了研究服役过程中38CaO-5MgO-8AlO1.5-49SiO_2(CMAS)对镁基六铝酸镧(LaMgAl_(11)O_(19))的高温侵蚀行为,利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了LaMgAl_(11)O_(19)涂层。通过SEM、EDS和XRD表征了1050、1250℃下LaMgAl_(11)O_(19)涂层被CMAS侵蚀后的微观组织和相结构。结果表明,LaMgAl_(11)O_(19)涂层中在1250℃被侵蚀24 h后的腐蚀产物是CaAl_2Si_2O_8和MgAl_2O_4。此外,通过研究侵蚀层厚度与侵蚀温度、侵蚀时间的关系,计算得到了在1050～1250℃温度下,CMAS侵蚀LaMgAl_(11)O_(19)涂层的反应活化能为94.1 kJ/mol。     

钽表面铜掺杂Ta2O5纳米棒的制备及抗菌性能研究

本实验采用两步水热法在钽基体表面制备出掺杂Cu_²⁺的Ta₂O₅纳米棒薄膜。采用XRD、SEM、XPS等方法分析了材料的物相和表面微观结构。用ICP检测了样品在生理盐水中离子析出浓度,最后通过平板计数法检验了不同含量铜掺杂Ta₂O₅薄膜的抗菌能力。结果表明,通过两步水热处理,在钽表面生成了简单斜方晶体结构的Ta₂O₅纳米棒阵列,Cu_²⁺的掺杂不会对纳米棒薄膜的微观形貌和物相造成显著影响。随时间的增加,掺铜薄膜的铜离子析出速率逐渐趋于平缓。平板计数法表明,Cu_²⁺ 的掺杂量达到2.68At%时,铜掺杂Ta₂O₅纳米棒薄膜的抗菌性能最好,抗菌率达99.2%。     

TC4钛合金表面微弧氧化原位生长自润滑MoS2/TiO2膜层研究

钛合金表面减摩涂层的设计和制备是提升钛合金构件耐磨性能、保障服役安全的重要技术之一。针对于目前钛合金减摩涂层中减摩剂分散不均匀,易于团聚导致膜基结合力差等问题,本论文采用一步微弧氧化技术在TC4合金表面原位生长纳米MoS2颗粒,制备具有减磨作用的MoS2/TiO2复合陶瓷膜层;讨论了原位反应中硫源添加量对膜层微观结构及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：以Na2S和Na2MoO4分别为硫源和钼源在TC4合金表面通过微弧氧化制备出了MoS2/TiO2复合陶瓷膜层;通过控制Na2S浓度可以原位生成具有小尺寸、均匀化分布的纳米MoS2颗粒,并实现对MoS2含量和形态的调控。随着Na2S浓度的增加,膜层结构逐渐致密化且表面粗糙度较低,当添加量到达60g/L时,由于硫沉淀作用导致膜层开始疏松,粗糙度增加。由于膜层表面和内部均存在均匀化分布且具有自润滑作用的MoS2颗粒,所得膜层耐磨性较传统微弧氧化膜层或直接添加MoS2颗粒所得膜层分别提高了395.4%、129.4%;同时,膜基结合力较传统微弧氧化提高了87.1%,达到了723.8N,说明了该技术在保证良好的自润滑效果同时改善了膜基结合力。该研究结果可以为钛合金耐磨涂层设计和制备提供新思路和研究方法。     

焙烧气氛对Pt/Al2O3 催化氧化CO和C3H6 性能的影响

使用Pt(NH₃)₂(NO₂)₂作为前驱体,通过过量浸渍法制备Pt/Al₂O₃催化剂,并将其在4种不同的气氛（H₂、O₂、NO或NH₃）中进行焙烧。利用N₂吸脱附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、CO脉冲吸附、CO原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（CO in situ DRIFTS）等手段对催化剂的物化性质进行了表征。结果表明：由于还原性焙烧气氛导致了众多小尺寸和高分散的Pt纳米颗粒的生成,经1%（体积分数）H₂/N₂焙烧的Pt/Al₂O₃表现出最佳的CO和C₃H₆催化氧化性能。     

SiO2对Al2O3/40%ZrO2（4Y）凝固陶瓷结构转化的影响

基于超重力下燃烧合成Al2O3/40%Zr O2(4Y),通过调整Si O2引入量,研究Si O2对材料显微结构与形态演化的影响。XRD、EDS、SEM结果表明:添加Si O2不改变复合陶瓷相组成,陶瓷基体主要由t-Zr O2、α-Al2O3以及少量m-Zr O2等组成,而Si O2则以玻璃相形式存在。当Si O2添加量小于6%时,Al2O3/Zr O2以共生共晶方式生长,形成胞状共晶团组织;当Si O2添加量为12%,Al2O3与Zr O2均独立析出,发育成尺寸粗大的Zr O2粒晶与花瓣晶;当Si O2添加量达18%时,该陶瓷发育为结构不完整的共晶枝晶组织。     

载体中ZrO2/Al2O3比对Pt/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

相比汽油车而言,柴油车具有高效、低油耗的优势已得到广泛应用。本实验以ZrO₂作为改性剂,探究了ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的质量比对催化剂的影响。研究结果表明：随着ZrO₂的加入,Pt粒子先减小后增大;Pt粒子与载体的交互作用先增大后减小。活性实验数据分析表明,ZrO₂的最佳添加量为40 wt%,CO和C₃H₆完全氧化温度分别降低20 _oC 、25 _oC。贵金属在催化剂的分散度以及贵金属与载体的相互作用随着ZrO₂与Al₂O₃质量比的变化而变化。Pt粒子越小,其与载体的交互作用越强,这表明催化剂性能越强。     

用于钯催化载体的P改性高孔隙率γ-Al2O3/α-Al2O3泡沫(英文)

提出了一种新方法来制备用于钯催化剂的P-γ-Al₂O₃涂层改性的α-Al₂O₃泡沫。采用聚氨酯模板法,通过优化工艺参数,使陶瓷泡沫的显气孔率达到90.28%,体积密度达到0.45 g·cm^-3,且该泡沫具有可使用强度。将掺有P元素的γ-Al₂O₃涂层涂覆在α-Al₂O₃泡沫上,然后通过超声波辅助浸渍法来装载活性催化相(Pd)。结果表明,含P涂层增加了惰性泡沫的比表面积和弱酸性位点,同时减少了强酸性位点的占比。与无涂层的泡沫相比,改性的泡沫更容易装载活性相,且装载的金属Pd不容易被氧化,CO的催化转化温度(T₅₀,T₉₀)降低了50℃左右。该研究证明了低成本改性α-Al₂O₃陶瓷泡沫在钯催化剂生产中具有极大的应用潜力。     

新鲜和老化Pd/Al2O3密偶催化剂上催化C3H8转化催化性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备了以改性氧化铝为载体材料的Pd/Al₂O₃ 密偶催化剂, 并采用H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR), CO 化学吸附和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂进行了表征. 在模拟尾气条件下对催化剂的总包反应及与C₃H₈相关的单反应活性进行了测试. 结果表明, 老化处理后活性PdO_x 数量下降, 并伴随有金属态Pd₀的产生. 老化后, 起燃温度(T₅₀)和完全转化温度(T₉₀) 分别提高了 76 oC和64 oC, 即催化剂低温活性比高温活性下降明显. 对比新鲜和老化催化剂上单反应活性, 结果表明, 老化后无水条件下有NO参与的反应的低温活性下降显著. 老化处理过程突出了NO对低温活性的抑制作用和H₂O对高温活性的促进作用.     

CVD deposition and characterization of coloured Al2O3/ZrO2 multilayers

Coloured Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ multilayers have been deposited onto WC-Co based inserts by a CVD process. Through physical as well as optical analysis of such multilayers, colour is believed to originate from interference. The coatings are obtained with good process reproducibility. It was found that the ZrO₂ process used in the multilayer, with ZrCl₄ as the only metal chloride precursor, results in a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO₂ phases. However by adding a relatively small amount of AlCl₃ during such a process results in ZrO₂ layers being composed of predominantly tetragonal ZrO₂ phase. Corresponding multilayers seem to have a more fine grained and smoother morphology whereas multilayers containing monoclinic ZrO₂ phase seem to be less perfect with existence of larger grains of ZrO₂ which are believed to scatter light and alter the reflectance of such a multilayer. In addition to this, such multilayers were found to be free of or with greatly reduced amount of thermal cracks, normally present in pure CVD grown Al₂O₃ layers.It is believed that, in the studied Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ multilayers, the observed tetragonal ZrO₂ phase is the result of a size effect, where small enough ZrO₂ crystallites energetically favor the tetragonal phase. However as the ZrO₂ crystallite size distribution is shifted to larger sizes it is believed that a mixture of crystallites with both stable and metastable tetragonal phases as well as a stable monoclinic phase is obtained. The proposed metastable tetragonal ZrO₂ phase may in fact explain the absence of thermal cracks in such multilayers through a transformation toughening mechanism, well known in ZrO₂ based ceramics.     

多孔ZrO2-8 wt% Y2O3涂层的制备及性能

航空发动机的效率与转动叶片和机匣之间的间隙密切相关。为了控制转子和静子之间的间隙,需要在机匣表面制备可磨耗的封严涂层。在发动机的高温端,ZrO₂-8wt% Y₂O₃涂层是经常采用的封严涂层基体。涂层中的孔隙可以增加涂层的可磨耗性。本文利用聚苯酯(PHB)增加等离子喷涂的ZrO₂-8 wt% Y₂O₃涂层的孔隙率。为了避免聚苯酯在等离子喷涂过程中的烧损,利用溶胶-凝胶法在聚苯酯颗粒表面沉积一层TiO₂层。文中将讨论采用此方法制成的涂层的形态、孔隙率、硬度和可磨耗性。结果表明,在喷涂粉末中混合包覆型的聚苯酯后,涂层的孔隙率将会得到提升,涂层硬度将会下降。磨耗试验的结果表明涂层的磨耗深度随着涂层孔隙率的增加而增加。     

三元共晶成分Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2粉体及陶瓷的制备与组织性能研究

本文采用醇水共沉淀法制备了三元共晶成分Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂粉体,在600-1350_oC温度范围煅烧后研究其物相转变过程。经1300_oC煅烧后Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂共晶成分粉体的物相由α-Al₂O₃、c-ZrO₂和YAG构成,且具有α-Al₂O₃相包裹c-ZrO₂相的特殊结构。将煅烧粉体在1550_oC下热压烧结,制备具有内晶型结构的共晶成分Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂复相陶瓷,其致密度、室温抗弯强度、断裂韧性和高温(1000_oC)抗弯强度分别为98.8%、420 MPa、3.69 MPa.m_1/2和464 MPa,并对复相陶瓷组织结构的形成机理进行了探讨。     

Preparation of nanometric CeO2–ZrO2–Nd2O3 solid solution and its catalytic performances

A kind of nanometric CeO₂–ZrO₂–Nd₂O₃ (CZN) solid solution for a carrier in the automotive three-way catalysts was synthesized by a coprecipitation method and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nitrogen adsorption–desorption (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and oxygen storage capacity (OSC). For the purpose of comparison, an unincorporated CeO₂–ZrO₂ (CZ) was also synthesized. The XRD measurements disclose the prepared CeO₂–ZrO₂–Nd₂O₃ have a face-centered cubic fluorite structure and nanoparticle sizes. According to the results of XPS, Nd³⁺ ions can enter the CZ lattice and form a homogenous solid solution. Oxygen storage capacity measurements reveal that CeO₂–ZrO₂–Nd₂O₃ display high oxygen mobility at a low temperature. The results of the activity tests show that the catalyst exhibits good three-way catalytic activity and fairly wide range of air-to-fuel ratios.     

Synthesis and characterization of Y3Al5O12 and ZrO2-Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings by combustion spray pyrolysis

Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ (8 mol% YSZ) coatings for potential application as thermal barrier coatings were prepared by combustion spray pyrolysis. Thermal cycling of as deposited coatings on stainless steel and FeCrAlY bond coat substrates was carried out at 1000 °C and 1200 °C to determine the thermal fatigue response. Structural and morphological studies on Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ coatings before and after thermal cycling have been carried out. It has been noted that the coatings on FeCrAlY substrates remain intact after 50 cycles between room temperature and 1200 °C, whereas the coatings on stainless steel show some minor damage such as peeling off near the periphery after 50 cycles at 1000 °C. Thermal diffusivity values of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ films were measured by using photo thermal deflection spectroscopy and the values are lower than those of coatings produced by conventional techniques such as EBPVD and APS.     

Fe2O4催化纤维素水热法制备 Fe2O3/ 碳纳米复合材料

目的在较为温和的条件下制备氧化铁/碳纳米复合材料。方法以纳米Fe3O4粉体为催化剂,水热催化纤维素碳化,并借助扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对碳化产物进行表征分析。结果获得了粒径约为150 nm的枣核形氧化铁/碳纳米复合材料。结论通过相对温和的水热反应,纤维素被碳化形成了壳核结构的纳米产物,Fe3O4催化剂在反应过程中被氧化并成为壳核结构产物的核心。     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.