Web数据库访问技术综论

本文首先指出开发动态交互网页是目前网站所必需的技术之一，然后介绍了较流行的几种WEB数据库访问技术，并着重对这几种技术的特性进行详细分析。     

互联网目标页面间隐式关联规则的发现

通过对Web日志信息的数据预处理和分析挖掘,辅助适量编程和算法TPARD(Target Pages Association Rule Discovery),最终实现了互联网目标页面间隐式关联规则的发现,从而可以优化网站结构,进一步提高对Web终端用户的服务质量。     

s-HITSc: an improved model and algorithm for topic distillation on the Web

Topic distillation on the Web, namely, finding quality information sources related to a given query topic with hyperlink analysis, has been shown to be useful in Web IR. Based on the analysis of three deficiencies of classical topic distillation algorithm HITS, this paper presents an improved model and algorithm named s-HITSc. Given a query topic, the improved algorithm can model a neighborhood graph at site granularity, compute the relevance weights of the nodes to the topic with content analysis, and apply weighted I/O operations in its iterative hyperlink analysis. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that s-HITSc can control topic drift and identify more reasonable and meaningful authority and hub sites on a given topic.

Adaptive indexing for content-based search in P2P systems

One of the major challenges in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing systems is to support content-based search. Although there have been some proposals to address this challenge, they share the same weakness of using either servers or super-peers to keep global knowledge, which is required to identify importance of terms to avoid popular terms in query processing. As a result, they are not scalable and are prone to the bottleneck problem, which is caused by the high visiting load at the global knowledge maintainers. To that end, in this paper, we propose a novel adaptive indexing approach for content-based search in P2P systems, which can identify importance of terms without keeping global knowledge. Our method is based on an adaptive indexing structure that combines a Chord ring and a balanced tree. The tree is used to aggregate and classify terms adaptively, while the Chord ring is used to index terms of nodes in the tree. Specifically, at each node of the tree, the system classifies terms as either important or unimportant. Important terms, which can distinguish the node from its neighbor nodes, are indexed in the Chord ring. On the other hand, unimportant terms, which are either popular or rare terms, are aggregated to higher level nodes. Such classification enables the system to process queries on the fly without the need for global knowledge. Besides, compared to the methods that index terms separately, term aggregation reduces the indexing cost significantly. Taking advantage of the tree structure, we also develop an efficient search algorithm to tackle the bottleneck problem near the root. Finally, our extensive experiments on both benchmark and Wikipedia datasets validated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.     

Web文档中词语权重计算方法的改进

以向量空间模型作为Web文本的表示方法,对传统的TF*IDF公式进行了改进。首先,结合Web文本中HTML标签的修饰功能,体现了特征词在Web文本结构中的位置信息;其次,以广义信息论为理论基础,引入了基于二次熵的互信息作为权重计算公式的一项,体现了单词的类区分能力。实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于GAA-API的Web网页细粒度访问控制方法研究

基于通用的授权与访问控制接口GAA-API，提出了一种网页的细粒度授权与访问控制方法。为网页中的静态资源元素、动态资源元素分别提供细粒度、灵活的访问控制。最后对该方法进行实验测试，并对测试结果进行比较分析。     

The effect of text and background colour on visual search of Web pages

Usability and visual impact in Web pages are not necessarily compatible ideals. This paper investigates the effect of colour on the presentation of information in a navigation bar, and aims to contribute towards design guidelines for the use of colour on the Web. We studied the effect of the combination of text and background colour on visual search performance and subjective preference. Twenty-nine participants carried out a visual search task using mock Web pages. Analysis showed that higher contrasts between text and background colour led to faster searching and were rated more favourably. The results are discussed in terms of visual search processes and design recommendations are given.     

Web页面排序算法研究

随着Internet的迅猛发展，网络信息呈爆炸式增长。Web信息检索是一个从Web海量数据中检索用户感兴趣信息的综合技术，它从一定程度上满足了用户对信息的需求，但返回页面的数量依然十分巨大。如何对搜索结果进行排序已成为影响搜索质量的一个重要问题。本文介绍了两种页面排序算法PageRank和HITS，并对网页排序算法的若干改进进行了讨论。     

The Web Beyond Google: Innovative Search Tools and Their Implications for Reference Services

This article explores Internet search tools that harness emerging technologies and user-centric features such as Web 2.0 sites, mobile applications, metasearching, real-time information, peer-to-peer searches, visual interfaces, and computational abilities. Reference librarians everywhere have incorporated Google into their searching repertoires, but what about other search engines that feature “bleeding edge” technologies and human-friendly designs? Our article is a concise guide to nine innovative search engines—Silobreaker, Zuula, Bing, ChaCha, CompletePlanet, DuckDuckGo, Spezify, Wolfram|Alpha, and Wowd—which give us a glimpse into the future of searching technology. We conclude our article by discussing implications for reference services.     

Searching and browsing Linked Data with SWSE: The Semantic Web Search Engine

In this paper, we discuss the architecture and implementation of the Semantic Web Search Engine (SWSE). Following traditional search engine architecture, SWSE consists of crawling, data enhancing, indexing and a user interface for search, browsing and retrieval of information; unlike traditional search engines, SWSE operates over RDF Web data – loosely also known as Linked Data – which implies unique challenges for the system design, architecture, algorithms, implementation and user interface. In particular, many challenges exist in adopting Semantic Web technologies for Web data: the unique challenges of the Web – in terms of scale, unreliability, inconsistency and noise – are largely overlooked by the current Semantic Web standards. Herein, we describe the current SWSE system, initially detailing the architecture and later elaborating upon the function, design, implementation and performance of each individual component. In so doing, we also give an insight into how current Semantic Web standards can be tailored, in a best-effort manner, for use on Web data. Throughout, we offer evaluation and complementary argumentation to support our design choices, and also offer discussion on future directions and open research questions. Later, we also provide candid discussion relating to the difficulties currently faced in bringing such a search engine into the mainstream, and lessons learnt from roughly six years working on the Semantic Web Search Engine project.     

Rewriting-Based Navigation of Web Sites: Looking for Models and Logics

In this paper we outline the use of term rewriting techniques for modeling the dynamic behavior of Web sites. We associate rewrite rules to each Web page expressing the Web pages which are immediately reachable from this page. The obtained system permits the application of well-known results from the rewriting theory to analyse interesting properties of the Web site. In particular, we briefly discuss the use of some logics with strong connections with term rewriting as a basis for specifying and verifying dynamic properties of Web sites. We use Maude as a suitable specification language for such rewriting models which also permits to directly explore interesting dynamic properties of Web sites.     

访问Web数据库的最佳解决方案及方法

简要比较了几种站点数据库访问方案,认为以ASP5.0为脚本环境、Microsoft VFP6.0为Web数据库、Win NT Server4.0为运行平台是目前访问WEB数据库的最好解决方案。从而较为系统地介绍了利用ASP和ADO访问Web数据库的方法和技巧,并举例说明。     

利用ASP访问Web数据库的关键技术

随着Internet/Intranet的发展,如何快速、高效、安全方便地访问Web数据库越来越成为一个重要的技术问题,ASP技术为解决该问题提供了一种快捷、方便、高效的方式。文章首先介绍了当前利用ASP技术访问网络数据库的三种方法,通过对这三种方法的比较,重点讨论了利用ADO技术访问网络数据库的关键技术和技巧,最后给出了一个应用ASP技术访问Web数据库的实例。     

利用HTML标签筛选网页分类样本

互联网的Web网页中蕴藏着内容广泛、形式各异的信息资源,通过网页的自动分类可以更好地对其内容进行组织和管理,加快信息检索的速度。在训练网页分类器时,对网页样本集进行有效地筛选有可能改善分类器的性能。文中利用HTML文档的结构特点,基于标签对网页样本集进行筛选,从中去除索引型和表格型网页,实验表明,这种方法有一定的可行性。     

基于ASP.NET的Web GIS数据库访问的实现

ASP．NET是微软推出的新一代动态网页技术，在ASP．NET中，对数据库的访问是通过ADO．NET来实现的，ADO．NET对象模型中的DataSet对象提供了一系列访问数据库的接口，因此利用ASP.NET提供的ADO．NET可方便地实现对GIS属性数据的访问；同时可利用ASP．NET提供的自定义控件的功能，通过定义一系列具有空间数据操作功能的地图控件、远程处理（．NET Remoting）技术与创建的地图服务（Map Service），实现对GIS空间数据的访问和显示。     

Web usage and content mining to extract knowledge for modelling the users of the Bidasoa Turismo website and to adapt it

The tourism industry has experienced a shift from offline to online travellers and this has made the use of intelligent systems in the tourism sector crucial. These information systems should provide tourism consumers and service providers with the most relevant information, more decision support, greater mobility and the most enjoyable travel experiences. As a consequence, Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) not only have to respond by adopting new technologies, but also by interpreting and using the knowledge created by the use of these techniques. This work presents the design of a general and non-invasive web mining system, built using the minimum information stored in a web server (the content of the website and the information from the log files stored in Common Log Format (CLF)) and its application to the Bidasoa Turismo (BTw) website. The proposed system combines web usage and content mining techniques with the three following main objectives: generating user navigation profiles to be used for link prediction; enriching the profiles with semantic information to diversify them, which provides the DMO with a tool to introduce links that will match the users taste; and moreover, obtaining global and language-dependent user interest profiles, which provides the DMO staff with important information for future web designs, and allows them to design future marketing campaigns for specific targets. The system performed successfully, obtaining profiles which fit in more than 60% of cases with the real user navigation sequences and in more than 90% of cases with the user interests. Moreover the automatically extracted semantic structure of the website and the interest profiles were validated by the BTw DMO staff, who found the knowledge provided to be very useful for the future.     

基于关键词的语义网数据查询研究综述

语义网数据的关键词查询是语义网研究的一个重要问题。首先给出语义网数据关键词查询的相关定义。根据研究目标不同,将已有解决方案分为混合型和非混合型的语义网数据关键词查询,后者又分为K-A和K-呀A两种查询方法。调研了上述分类中当前常用的解决方案和研究进展。在此基础上,进一步介绍并比较了8个具有代表性的语义网数据关键词查询工作。最后讨论存在的挑战,并指出未来可能的研究方向。     

WebSail: From On-line Learning to Web Search

In this paper we report our research on building WebSail, an intelligent web search engine that is able to perform real-time adaptive learning. WebSail learns from the user's relevance feedback, so that it is able to speed up its search process and to enhance its search performance. We design an efficient adaptive learning algorithm TW2 to search for web documents. WebSail employs TW2 together with an internal index database and a real-time meta-searcher to perform real-time adaptive learning to find desired documents with as little relevance feedback from the user as possible. The architecture and performance of WebSail are also discussed. Received 3 November 2000 / Revised 13 March 2001 / Accepted in revised form 17 April 2001     

基于ASP.NET的Web GIS数据库访问的实现

ASP.NET是微软推出的新一代动态网页技术,在ASP.NET中,对数据库的访问是通过ADO.NET来实现的,ADO.NET对象模型中的DataSet对象提供了一系列访问数据库的接口,因此利用ASP.NET提供的ADO.NET可方便地实现对GIS属性数据的访问;同时可利用ASP.NET提供的自定义控件的功能,通过定义一系列具有空间数据操作功能的地图控件、远程处理(.NET Remoting)技术与创建的地图服务(Map Service),实现对GIS空间数据的访问和显示。     

Searching the Web for conflicting topics: Page and user factors

Web users tend to search only the pages displayed at the top of the search engine results page (the ‘top link’ heuristic). Although it might be reasonable to use this heuristic to navigate simple and unambiguous facts, it might be risky when searching for conflicting socio-scientific topics, such as potential measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In the present study, we explored the extent to which students consider other Web page characteristics, such as topic relevance and trustworthiness, when searching and bookmarking pages concerning a conflicting topic. We also examined the extent to which prior background knowledge moderates students’ behavior. The results revealed that while the study participants actually used a ‘top link’ heuristic to navigate the results, they engaged in more systematic processes to bookmark pages for further study. Furthermore, the students’ background knowledge was related to the assessment of Web page trustworthiness. We discuss these results from the perspective of a dual-processing model.