机器人模块化关节的设计与实现

提出了一种集机械和控制为一体的机器人模块化关节的设计方案。进行了模块化关节外壳的应力和应变分析,并建立了关节的带有误差参数的矩阵变换模型。完成了PCI适配卡和DSP伺服控制器的设计。并对所研制的模块化关节进行了主要性能测试。测试结果表明按照该方案研制的关节性能指标满足设计要求。     

一种模块化机器人的标定方法研究

对一种可重构模块化机器人系统进行定位精度标定方法研究。采用装配映射矩阵描述任意给定的模块化机械臂组成模块间的装配关系,并根据装配信息自动生成指数积形式的运动学模型。根据指数积公式中关节旋量坐标的理论值和实际值之间的伴随变换关系将运动学模型改写成包含关节约束条件的等价形式。对运动学方程取微分得到机械臂末端定位误差与关节旋量误差及零位位置误差间的线性化模型。给出了一种基于最小二乘法的运动学参数标定模型及其生成方法。通过程序生成一种5自由度模块化机械臂的标定模型并采用激光跟踪仪作为测量设备进行运动学参数标定试验。试验结果表明标定过程能够快速收敛到稳定值。测试结果表明经参数标定机器人的平均定位精度提高了近4倍。     

新型模块化质量特性测试工装设计与应用

针对卫星批量化生产对质量特性测试快速、高效、安全及可靠的需求,亟需设计一种柔性可扩展、操作简便、精度高和成本低的新型模块化工装,并可以实现一次装夹即可完成卫星三维质量特性测试的要求。文中从新型模块化工装的测试原理、结构形式及测试流程等方面进行分析,对新型模块化工装产生的误差项进行分析和推导。以某实际批量生产卫星需求为例开展设计验证工作,验证了误差分析的准确性及工装设计的合理性,结果证明：该新型工装满足批量卫星制造领域对测试工装的需求。     

自驱动关节臂坐标测量机模块化关节设计

传统的关节臂测量机工作时是依靠工作人员牵拉实现运动和测量,存在路径规划不佳、主观性误差大、测量效率低等问题很难适应智能制造对在线自动测量系统的新要求。本文提出了利用含有无刷电机、谐波减速器及精密轴系的模块化关节构成自驱动关节臂坐标测量机的构想,并对模块化关节进行了构型设计,建立了单关节扭矩估算模型,在此基础上选择了关节2的电机和谐波减速器,设计了关节模块的测控电路,研制了单关节部件样机并进行了重复性实验。其中单方向测量数据表明,为保证较小的测量重复性误差,关节在运动时应尽量避免速度或加速度突变的运动形式;双方向测量的数据表明,当控制电机运动速率小于1.53rad/s时,测头因回弹产生误触发信号的概率较小,此时最大误差数据为±2.11″。上述实验也验证了模块化关节设计方案的可行性,为后续自驱动关节臂坐标测量机整机研制提供了理论和实验依据。     

模块化机器人几何误差分析及参数辨识研究

为解决模块化机器人重构后误差的快速补偿问题,对模块化机器人几何误差来源进行分析,将其划分为模块参数误差和模块间装配参数误差.基于指数积公式和齐次变换对关节模块、连杆模块及模块间装配位姿进行数学描述,建立关节-连杆子装配体的实际运动学模型.给出一种基于精密球和外部测量的模块参数及模块间装配参数辨识方法,完成子装配体运动学...     

基于VB的加工误差统计分析系统的设计与实现

对加工误差的统计分析法进行了研究。论述了分布图分析法和点图分析法的理论,采用模块化技术、数据库技术进行软件设计,实现了计算机辅助加工误差的统计分析,使加工过程中品质控制更准确、快捷和有效。通过实例,论述了系统功能和开发过程。     

形位误差评价与三维可视化研究

以模块化设计思想为指导，描述了以最小二乘法及优化算法为基础的拼装式形位误差评价软件的构造逻辑，通过三维线框几何模型实现相应的形位误差评价结果的可视化处理，并探讨了几何量数据分析与ＣＡＤ系统集成的方法，从而为建立集成的产品质量分析环境奠定基础。     

超精密加工误差补偿技术研究综述

超精密加工技术是高端制造领域的一项关键技术,当前超精密加工已进入纳米尺度,掌握超精密加工误差控制关键技术、保障并提高数控机床的加工精度,已经成为提高加工制造水平的研究热点。系统总结了超精密加工误差补偿技术研究现状及发展趋势,重点介绍了对超精密加工影响最大的几何误差、力诱导误差、热诱导误差及其补偿方法。在此基础上,深入探讨了超精密加工在几何误差分离,切削力、热诱导误差测量与补偿等方面存在的一系列问题,进一步指出超精密加工误差补偿技术还应关注其向高效、高精,通用化,模块化,智能化及柔性化的发展方向。     

基于模块化设计方法的服务机器人结构设计

为了降低服务机器人的开发周期与成本,基于模块化设计方法,对服务机器人的机械结构进行了模块化划分,并对传动结构布局、传动实现、身体稳固性、模块化结构设计等内容进行了详细阐述。样机组装及实验结果表明,基于模块化设计方法的服务机器人产品开发周期短,其性能达到了设计要求。     

基于递阶支持向量机的产品族配置性能预测

为了准确而快速地对模块化产品族的配置性能进行预测,以判断其是否满足多样化的客户需求,提出了基于递阶支持向量机的模块化产品族配置性能预测方法.新配置产品性能通过对产品族中的典型产品历史数据库进行数据挖掘进行预测.介绍了基于递阶支持向量机的配置综合性能预测方法的预测框架和基本步骤,并提出一种改进混合蛙跳算法来优化支持向量化模型的核函数参数和误差惩罚因子,模拟退火算法用来提高算法的局部搜索能力和收敛速度.以某模块化设计的纸币清分机产品族为例,验证了所提评估策略的有效性.     

并联运动机械结构综合及其优化设计研究的最新进展

综合评述了以德国为主的欧洲工业国在并联运动机械结构综合与设计方面的最新研究成果与进展,内容涉及：针对实际应用背景提出新机型并进行了设计;通过研制设计分析仿真软件,针对某种并联运动机械机型进行了结构综合改进与优化、尺度综合和优化以及性能评估与改善等工作;进一步地,在大量实践与理论探索的基础上,较系统地提出用于开发混合运动机械、冗余并联运动学以及可重构并联运动机械的设计方法学,这些内容都是并联运动机械设计研究领域内富有创造性的成果。

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Modular design of typical rigid links in parallel kinematic machines: Classification and topology optimization

Due to the demand of reconfigurable system in parallel kinematic machines (PKMs), modular design technology is significant and necessary. However, in earlier research, the core joint modules have been concerned about rather than the customized link modules. The modular design to the typical customized links from the point of seeking optimal structures with best mechanical performances is analyzed and processed in two steps: classification and optimization. Firstly, a brief introduction to the current research status and the aims of this paper are outlined. And then, how the typical customized links classified is proposed. Next, the technology method and the iterative formula derivation process of topology optimization are described in detail. Finally, calculation models for each group of classified ones are set up and their optimal structures are achieved through topology optimization technique. The results provide useful references for reconfigurable and modular design in engineering cases.     

Design and development of 3–DOF modular micro parallel kinematic manipulator

This paper presents the research and development of a 3–legged micro parallel kinematic manipulator (PKM) for positioning in micromachining and assembly operations. The structural characteristics associated with parallel manipulators are evaluated and the PKMs with translational and rotational movements are identified. Based on these identifications, a hybrid 3–UPU (universal joint–prismatic joint–universal joint) parallel manipulator is designed and fabricated. The principles of the operation and modelling of this micro PKM are largely similar to a normal-sized Stewart platform (SP). The overall size of the platform is contained within a space of 300 mm×300 mm×300 mm. A modular design methodology is introduced for the construction of this micro PKM. Calibration results of this hybrid 3–UPU PKM are discussed in this paper.     

绳牵引并联机构的研究概况与发展趋势

总结了近20年来关于绳牵引并联机构的研究概况和研究内容；论述了绳牵引并联机构的构型、工作空间、刚度和冗余性等方面的研究；分析了绳牵引并联机构的应用前景与发展趋势，指出了绳牵引并联机构在建筑机器人、虚拟现实的力反馈装置和触觉装置、大型运动仿真器、大型射电望远镜、超高速机器人、超大工作空间的轻型机器人和风洞试验等领域的应用前景，展望了绳牵引并联机构的预期研究内容。     

Separation of Comprehensive Geometrical Errors of a 3-DOF Parallel Manipulator Based on Jacobian Matrix and Its Sensitivity Analysis with Monte-Carlo Method

Parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) have the advantages of a compact structure,high stiffness,a low moving inertia,and a high load/weight ratio.PKMs have been intensively studied since the 1980s,and are still attracting much attention.Compared with extensive researches focus on their type/dimensional synthesis,kinematic/dynamic analyses,the error modeling and separation issues in PKMs are not studied adequately,which is one of the most important obstacles in its commercial applications widely.Taking a 3-PRS parallel manipulator as an example,this paper presents a separation method of source errors for 3-DOF parallel manipulator into the compensable and non-compensable errors effectively.The kinematic analysis of 3-PRS parallel manipulator leads to its six-dimension Jacobian matrix,which can be mapped into the Jacobian matrix of actuations and constraints,and then the compensable and non-compensable errors can be separated accordingly.The compensable errors can be compensated by the kinematic calibration,while the non-compensable errors may be adjusted by the manufacturing and assembling process.Followed by the influence of the latter,i.e.,the non-compensable errors,on the pose error of the moving platform through the sensitivity analysis with the aid of the Monte-Carlo method,meanwhile,the configurations of the manipulator are sought as the pose errors of the moving platform approaching their maximum.The compensable and non-compensable errors in limited-DOF parallel manipulators can be separated effectively by means of the Jacobian matrix of actuations and constraints,providing designers with an informative guideline to taking proper measures for enhancing the pose accuracy via component tolerancing and/or kinematic calibration,which can lay the foundation for the error distinguishment and compensation.     

Type synthesis of 4-DOF parallel kinematic mechanisms based on Grassmann line geometry and atlas method

Many methods are proposed to deal with the type synthesis of parallel kinematic mechanisms（PKMs）, but most of them are less intuitive to some extent. Thus, to propose a concise and intuitive type synthesis method for engineering application is a very challenging issue, which should be further studied in the field. Grassmann line geometry, which can investigate the dimensions of spatial line-clusters in a concise way, is taken as the mathematic foundation. Atlas method is introduced to visually describe the degrees of freedom（DOFs） and constraints of a mechanism, and the dual rule is brought in to realize the mutual conversion of the freedom-space and constraint-space. Consequently, a systematic method based on Grassmann line geometry and Atlas method is generated and the entire type synthesis process is presented. Three type 4-DOF PKMs, i.e., 1T3R, 2T2R and 3T1R（T： translational DOF; R： rotational DOF）, are classified according to the different combinations of the translational DOFs and rotational DOFs. The type synthesis of 4-DOF PKMs is carried out and the possible configurations are thoroughly investigated. Some new PKMs with useful functions are generated during this procedure. The type synthesis method based on Grassmann line geometry and Atlas method is intuitive and concise, and can reduce the complexity of the PKMs＇ type synthesis. Moreover, this method can provide theoretical guidance for other PKMs＇ type synthesis and engineering application. A novel type synthesis method is proposed, which solves the existing methods＇ problems in terms of complicated, not intuitive and unsuitable for practical application.     

Compliance modeling and analysis of a 3-RPS parallel kinematic machine module

The compliance modeling and rigidity performance evaluation for the lower mobility parallel manipulators are still to be remained as two overwhelming challenges in the stage of conceptual design due to their geometric complexities. By using the screw theory, this paper explores the compliance modeling and eigencompliance evaluation of a newly patented 1T2R spindle head whose topological architecture is a 3-RPS parallel mechanism. The kinematic definitions and inverse position analysis are briefly addressed in the first place to provide necessary information for compliance modeling. By considering the 3-RPS parallel kinematic machine（PKM） as a typical compliant parallel device, whose three limb assemblages have bending, extending and torsional deflections, an analytical compliance model for the spindle head is established with screw theory and the analytical stiffness matrix of the platform is formulated. Based on the eigenscrew decomposition, the eigencompliance and corresponding eigenscrews are analyzed and the platform＇s compliance properties are physically interpreted as the suspension of six screw springs. The distributions of stiffness constants of the six screw springs throughout the workspace are predicted in a quick manner with a piece-by-piece calculation algorithm. The numerical simulation reveals a strong dependency of platform＇s compliance on its configuration in that they are axially symmetric due to structural features. At the last stage, the effects of some design variables such as structural, configurational and dimensional parameters on system rigidity characteristics are investigated with the purpose of providing useful information for the structural design and performance improvement of the PKM. Compared with previous efforts in compliance analysis of PKMs, the present methodology is more intuitive and universal thus can be easily applied to evaluate the overall rigidity performance of other PKMs with high efficiency.     

基于虚拟协同技术模块化虚拟企业的研究

在研究模块化设计、协同设计和虚拟企业等相关理论的基础上,提出了模块化虚拟企业的概念,分析了它的特点,研究了虚拟协同的模块化设计技术,并构建了模块化虚拟企业结构模型。研究表明,模块化虚拟企业在产品研发中具有快速性、灵活性、集成性和最优化等优点,是未来产品研发的必然趋势。     

基于可拓理论的模块化设计方法研究

针对模块化设计理论难以工程实现的问题,提出了基于物元模型及可拓方法的产品可拓模块化设计方法。该方法首先在物元模型的基础上,结合模块自身特点,建立了模块物元与模块族物元,以有序三元组的形式规范化地保存了历史模块和模块族数据,并研究了模块物元的可拓性及其变换。然后运用可拓方法对模块物元进行变换与操作,既实现了对模块划分、模块检索与匹配,以及模块综合等模块化设计过程的形式化描述,又为模块化设计提供了新的思维方法。最后,给出了可拓模块化设计方法在导弹产品开发中的应用实例。