Na2O含量对日用玻璃贴花装饰用无铅熔剂性能的影响

以R2O-ZnO-B2O3-SiO2(ZBS)体系为日用玻璃贴花装饰用无铅熔剂的基础配方,通过调整Na2O的含量,探讨Na2O含量对熔剂性能的影响。采用热膨胀仪、光泽度仪、SEM及FT-IR对样品的热膨胀系数、光泽度及显微结构进行表征,分析熔剂组成-结构-性能之间的关系和变化规律。结果表明:样品的热膨胀系数α随Na2O的增加先增大后减小;光泽度、耐碱性随Na2O的增加而增大;耐酸性、彩烤温度随Na2O的增加而降低。当w(Na2O)=9.07%时,ZBS系统熔剂的α与玻璃基板的匹配性最好,光泽度能达到82,耐酸性最好,耐碱性甚至可以达到商业标准的4～5级。     

n（SiO2）／n（B2O3）比对无公害熔剂性能的影响

以碱一硼一硅系统为研究体系,探讨了n(SiO2)/n(B2O3)比对无公害熔剂光泽度、耐蚀性、膨胀系数等性能的影响规律。用高温显微镜、热膨胀仪、光泽度仪、显微硬度仪测试了不同硼硅比的无公害熔剂的主要性能,分析了其性能变化的原因。实验结果表明,n(SiO2)/n(B2O3)为1.6～2.0时,熔剂的各种性能与彩烤效果较好。     

低铋环保型无铅釉上彩熔剂的研究

在碱-硼-硅系统基础熔剂中引入外加剂,通过多种碱金属、碱土金属及外加剂等复合效应来代替铅在熔剂中的作用进而研制低铋环保型无铅熔剂。并通过对试样进行化学稳定性、热膨胀性、光泽度、堆烧、粘度测试、印花彩烤等一系列对比实验考察所用外加剂对熔剂性能的影响。实验结果表明:在基础熔剂配方的基础上外加剂氧化铋、氧化镧、氧化钼、氧化钨的外加量分别控制在5%,1%,1.25%,1%时即可满足熔剂各种性能要求。     

低铋环保型无铅釉上彩熔剂的制备研究

在碱-硼-硅系统基础熔剂中引入外加剂,通过多种碱金属、碱土金属及外加剂等复合效应来代替铅在熔剂中的作用进而研制低铋环保型无铅熔剂.并通过对试样进行化学稳定性、热膨胀性、光泽度、堆烧、粘度测试、印花彩烤等一系列对比实验考察所用外加剂对熔剂性能的影响.实验结果表明:在基础熔剂配方的基础上外加剂氧化铋、氧化镧、氧化钼、氧化钨的外加量分别控制在5%、1%、1.25%、1%时即可满足熔剂各种性能要求.     

无铅无镉陶瓷釉上颜料的研究

用透射和扫描电子显微镜及Ｘ－射线能谱仪研究了无铅、镉熔剂的显微结构与化学稳定性的关系，分析了影响熔剂化学稳定性及热膨胀性能的各种因素，探讨了各种不同熔剂对颜料呈色性能的影响，较好地解决了无铅无镉颜料的技术难题。     

热处理时间对无公害釉上熔剂耐碱性的影响

采用传统的熔制法制备了ABS系统无公害陶瓷釉上熔剂,研究了不同热处理时间对熔剂耐碱性和显微结构的影响。用光泽度仪、XRD及TEM等对样品的光泽度、物相组成和显微结构进行了分析。结果表明:620℃热处理能有效地提高熔剂的耐碱度,热处理20 h时所得熔剂的最佳耐碱度为69.8%,耐蚀性等级为1级。随着热处理时间的延长,产生的滴球状分相尺寸逐渐增大,20 h时分相尺寸多为60~80 nm。     

MgO/(CaO+MgO)对碱硼硅酸盐系统低温熔剂耐磨性的影响

通过调整MgO/(CaO+MgO)摩尔比(简写为:RMg),探讨了混合碱土金属效应对ABS无铅低温熔剂的耐磨性及相关的光泽度、光泽损失、维氏硬度、热膨胀系数等性能的影响规律;对样品进行了 XRD、FTIR、SEM及热膨胀分析,从结构上阐释了其性能变化的原因.结果表明:在ABS熔剂结构中存在[SiO4]、[BO4]、[B...     

低温快烧无铅精陶釉的研制

采用高温熔融法制备了适用精陶的低温无铅熔块，并应用热膨胀分析仪、SEM等方法研究了精陶釉的光泽度、热稳定性、热膨胀系数等性能。结果表明：采用Li2O，SrO，B2O3等复合熔剂，可以制备出光泽度高，热稳定好，坯釉膨胀系数匹配，结合良好，适于低温快烧工艺的无铅精陶釉。     

CeO2对无铅低温熔剂结构和性能的影响

采用传统熔融-水淬法制备了碱硼硅酸盐(ABS)低温熔剂.探讨了加入CeO2对ABS无铅低温熔剂性能的影响规律;对样品进行了XRD、FTIR、热膨胀分析,从结构上阐释了其性能变化的原因.结果表明:当加入CeO2的量在1.48 mol％-3.12 mol％之间时,熔剂中逐渐析出Ce(BO2)3,当加入量达到3.9 mol％...     

助熔助色剂对无铅无镉釉上彩熔剂性能的影响

用正交实验法研究了在碱.硼.硅系统基础熔剂中, 外加助熔助色成分MgO、CaO、SrO、BaO四种碱土金属氧化物的添加量及R2O:RO、SrO:CaO、RO:SiO2对无铅无镉釉上彩熔剂性能的影响规律.综合考虑熔剂的熔融性能、化学稳定性、彩烤效果等,对上述影响因素的最佳值进行了讨论.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。