中国铜管制造业现状及特点

文章概述了我国铜管生产行业的现状和电力、空调、冰箱、汽车、建筑等铜管主要消费市场的发展情况以及铜管的进出口贸易状况和发展趋势。     

浅析TP2铜管水平连铸高产生产线

本文讨论了铜管坯生产流程中所用的工频感应电炉、结晶器、牵引机等设备的参数和性能,并结合铜管坯的实际生产情况进行了阐述。同时强调了与铜管生产相关联设备的重要联系,对铜管生产线的选型具有实际指导作用,具有较强的实用性。     

延长方坯结晶器铜管使用寿命

本文分析了铜管设计、冷却水、连铸机设备及钢水等对方坯结晶器铜管使用寿命的影响。通过设备、工艺的改进和生产管理水平提升。铜管使用寿命得到了大幅度延长。     

水平连铸在铜管生产中的应用进展

主要概述了水平连铸法生产铜管的工艺流程、主要设备、基本原理和工艺技术;此外,还阐述了水平连铸法生产铜管的应用现状,并指出了未来水平连铸法生产铜管的发展方向。     

新型管式结晶器铜管的开发与应用

通过对管式结晶器铜管上口变形问题的分析、研究 ,开发出一种新结构的铜管 ,解决了影响结晶器铜管寿命的的一些难题 ,延长了其使用寿命 ,降低了生产成本     

精密铜管性能稳定性探究

内螺纹铜管质量的不稳定性使空调生产厂家在铜管的弯管过程中,出现各种不同的缺陷,针对影响精密内螺纹铜管性能稳定性的因素,以某企业生产实践的方法进行了初步研究,研究表明,铜管生产过程中的表面质量、机械性能均匀性及尺寸精度是影响铜管性能稳定性的主要因素。文中主要从这三方面进行了分析并提出了有效控制措施。     

制冷空调用铜管质量标准现状

本文介绍了我国制冷空调用铜管的质量标准:GB/T17791-1999《空调与制冷用无缝铜管》、YS/T440-2001《内螺纹铜管》、GB/T1531-1994《铜及铜合金毛细管》以及《冰箱用高清洁度铜管》和《铜及铜合金无缝翅片管》的制订背景,分析了标准水平,提出了制冷空调用铜管在满足标准的同时,还要加强实物质量的提升。     

国内内螺纹铜管生产技术与发展方向

本文介绍了国内内螺纹铜管的技术条件及生产现状，阐述了无缝内螺纹铜管和焊接内螺纹铜管的生产工艺，指出了内螺纹铜管的发展方向及市场前景。     

内螺纹铜管的齿型分类及发展方向

内螺纹铜管与普通铜管相比热交换效率显著提高，因此被广泛应用于节能、高效、小型化的制冷设备。随着内螺纹铜管成型技术的不断发展、改进、创新，开发出了各种不同齿型的产品。本文就国内外内螺纹铜管的发展方向做了简要的介绍。     

紫铜盘管中层外表氧化变色的机理分析及防治措施

一、前言紫铜盘管中层外表面氧化变色是铜管生产中常见的一种质量缺陷,它是指盘管的上下端面、内外侧面的铜管是光亮的,但当用户将外层的铜管使用1～2层或几层后,中间层的铜管的外表面产生了氧化变色(见图1)。这是一个带有普遍性的质量难题,众多铜管加工企业为此深感头痛。     

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in the liver, erythrocytes, and serum of rats after methanol intoxication

Lipid peroxidation products measured as a malondialdehyde and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), and concentrations of ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and glutathione (GSH) were measured in the liver, erythrocytes, and serum of rats 6, 14, and 24 h and 2, 5, and 7 d after treatment with 3 g methanol/kg. GSH-Px and GSSG-R activities, GSH level, and ascorbate concentration in the liver, erythrocytes, and blood serum were significantly decreased. In addition, SOD and alpha-tocopherol in erythrocytes were diminished, while malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver, erythrocytes, and serum were elevated. Further, erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were reduced. These results indicate that methanol intoxication in rats leads to an increase in the lipid peroxidation and impairment in the antioxidant mechanisms in liver, erythrocytes, and blood serum.     

The utility of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist

This work offers an anthropological analysis of intra-household processes underlying gender- and age-specific differences in individual nutritional and health care allocations and outcomes in particular cultures. Based on recent ethnographic studies in India, Nepal, Madagascar, Mexico, and Peru, correspondences are analyzed between local cultural ("emic") and scientist-policy maker practitioner ("etic") understandings of nutrition, health, and human development, and the relative "values" of females, males, and children of different ages. The data and analyses clarify specific epidemiological and demographic findings on age and gender bias in nutrition and health and highlight the multiple cultural, economic, and biological factors that contribute to gender- or age-based discrimination or neglect. Recent advances in nutrition policy have argued for a broader concept of nutritional security, one that incorporates both food quantity and quality, and of nutrition as "food, health and care" (International Conference on Nutrition, World Declaration and Plan of Action for Nutrition, FAO/WHO, Rome, 1992). These ethnographic findings; lend strong support for such broader nutrition concepts and associated nutrition policies. The studies also suggest ways in which anthropological questions, methods, and data and community-based research can help predict or identify the nutritionally vulnerable within households and help other social and medical scientists design more effective interventions.     

Dreams and psychoanalysis: A love-hate story.

This article explores the early and contemporary relationship between dreams and psychoanalysis. Dreams, once at the center of psychoanalytic theory and practice, have lost their singular importance, having been replaced by other concerns (e.g., the therapeutic relationship). The causes of this decline are many and complex, but include, in this hypothesis, a long-standing underlying ambivalence (both love and hate) toward dreams and their interpretation in psychoanalysis. Aspects of this unacknowledged ambivalence include significant cultural, personal, and systemic factors, which are elaborated. Both appreciation, pleasure, and interest, on the one hand, and fear, suspicion, and domination, on the other, are described. The classical method and the interpersonal and relational approaches are examined in relation to dreams, and both are found to reflect difficulties in approaching dreams. Finally, the love–hate story is extended into the relation between dreams, psychoanalysis, and the new electronic era. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

钢铁制造流程炼铁区段耗散结构的解析

为了研究钢铁制造流程耗散结构的本质及其特征,以高炉炼铁区段为对象,研究解析了多工序协同动态运行条件下的耗散结构优化问题.由料场、焦化、烧结、球团、高炉等工序所组成的炼铁区段,不仅是钢铁制造流程中重要的物质/能源转换中心,也是全流程动态有序、协同连续运行的关键和基础环节.炼铁区段的物理本质是铁素物质流在碳素能量流的驱动和...     

Effect of major epidemics on cultural awareness

Mankind has been stricken with "major" epidemic diseases throughout its history. The most serious among them immediately threaten man's life e.g. plague, cholera, smallpox, typhus, and dysentery, besides, there are others which take a slower course e.g. lues, leprosy, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, and malaria. Yet, the "lesser" epidemic diseases like diphtheria, scarlet fever, mumps, pneumococcosis, influenza, and most recently AIDS may also turn into "major" ones. Originally, man exclusively depended on his genetic makeup for protection, and being particularly prone to attacks of disease he was subject to natural selection. Thus, only one human species survived, the homo sapiens. Interbreeding achieved biologic adaptation and created a balanced genetic polymorphism. Advancing in his degree of civilization, man formed groups, developed clothing, fire, houses, and tools, and his increasing cultural awareness allowed him to migrate from the tropical climates to more temperate, and less disease-infested zones. Immigration and wars, and the accompanying infections jeopardized and diminished entire populations and eradicated highly developed cultures like that of the American Indians. The plague, coming from Asia, and lues, from America, as well as cholera, influenza, and smallpox spread around the whole globe. Fear and terror led to irrational conclusions and triggered persecutions. The attitude of accepting disease as a God-sent fate (Hiob), or a God-sent punishment suppressed reasonable measures against disease. The necessary official measures have increasingly restricted liberty, and this patronizing treatment needs to be opposed with a higher sense of responsibility. Medical art has developed from more healing towards prophylactic and predictive medicine, which prognosticates the individual susceptibility to particular infections, and other risk factors.     

Distribution of 14 elements in tissues and organs of oceanic seabirds

The concentrations of 14 trace elements (Li, V, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Pb, and Hg) were determined in tissues and organs of three species and in the liver of 11 species of seabirds. Comparatively high concentrations of Li, Co, Sr, and V were found in the femur. Cd, Se, Cu, and Mn concentrations were relatively higher in the kidney than in other tissues and organs. Rb, Cs, and Pb concentrations were rather uniform among tissues. Concentrations of essential elements such as Mn, Cu, and Co were comparable among seabird species, except high Cu concentrations in northern giant petrel. Among nonessential elements, concentrations of Cd and Hg were variable according to seabird species. Pb levels were low in all the species. High Se levels (100 microg/g dry weight) were found in the liver of black-footed albatross and grey petrel. There were significant positive correlations between Se and Cd concentrations in three species and between Se and Hg in black-footed albatross, suggesting that Se has an antagonistic action on the toxic effects of Cd and Hg. Concentrations of Li, V, Ag, and Cs were usually low (less than 1 microg/g dry weight).     

Excretion and metabolism of tipredane, a novel glucocorticoid, in the rat, mouse, monkey, and human

The excretion and metabolism of [3H]tipredane, a novel glucocorticoid, has been studied in mice, rats, marmosets, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys, and humans. After oral administration, [3H]tipredane was rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and excreted into urine and feces. In mice and male rats, radioactivity was excreted primarily into feces or bile, whereas in female rats, monkeys, and humans, excretion was mainly via the renal route. Some sex differences in the proportions excreted into urine and feces were noted in rodents, with females eliminating relatively more radioactivity in urine. Tipredane was shown to be extensively metabolized, but the routes were highly species-dependent and, in the rat, they were sex-dependent. Unchanged tipredane was not detected in any urine, bile, or blood extracts. Urinary and blood extract profiles indicated that there were between 10 and 30 metabolites in rats and mice, the majority of which constituted < 2% of the dose. In these species, the major pathways involved loss of the thioethyl moiety, S-oxidation of the thiomethyl group, and saturation of the adjacent saturated C16-17 bond. Hydroxylation of the steroid B-ring was seen in the 7 alpha-position in mice and female rats, and in the 6 beta-position in male rats. Metabolism of tipredane in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys and humans was similar, but less extensive and different to that seen in rodents. The major products, the 6 beta-hydroxylated sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites of tipredane, accounted for 21-36% of the dose in human and monkey urine, and were also major components in blood. In contrast to mice and rats, S-oxidation and an unsaturated C16-17 bond were evident in primates. Metabolism of tipredane was rapid and complex, with significant species differences, although the disposition in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys seemed to be similar to humans.     

Mortality patterns and trends for lung cancer and other tobacco-related cancers in the Americas, 1955-1989

Mortality from cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, oesphagus, larynx and lung between 1955 and 1989 has been analysed for USA, Canada and 14 countries in Latin America. Among males, Uruguay, Cuba, Argentina and Puerto Rico have the highest rates for all sites, and Peru, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, Mexico and Colombia have the lowest rates. Among females, Cuba, Colombia and Puerto Rico rank high for all sites, and Mexico, Paraguay, Ecuador and Peru rank low. For both sexes, lung cancer mortality rates from the US and Canada are high, whereas rates from other sites are intermediate. An increasing trend in lung cancer mortality over time is shown in all countries except Cuba (no changes), Argentina, Paraguay and Peru (decreasing trend). In Latin America, the tobacco-related lung cancer epidemic is in its early phase among males, and very early phase among females.     

The Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic groups (SHARE): rationale and design. The SHARE Investigators

The Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic groups (SHARE) is a study to determine the risk factors for atherosclerosis among three ethnic populations in Canada. Three hundred and thirty South Asian Canadian, 320 Chinese Canadian and 320 European Canadian men and women between 35 and 75 years of age are being randomly sampled from communities in Hamilton and Toronto, Ontario and Edmonton, Alberta for assessment of conventional (i.e., smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes and hypertension) and emerging (i.e., candidate genes for atherosclerosis, homocysteine, fibrinolytic parameters, neurohormones, glucose intolerance, markers of infection, socioeconomic status, psychosocial status and diet) cardiovascular disease risk factors. Subclinical atherosclerosis is measured by quantitative B-mode ultrasonography of the carotid arteries, and other objective measures of vascular disease are a 12-lead electrocardiogram, a two-dimensional echocardiogram, ankle to arm blood pressure ratio and urine microalbumin concentration. The relationship between the conventional and emerging risk factors, and atherosclerosis, vascular disease and markers of end-organ damage will be evaluated between and within ethnic groups.     

Review of Essentials of abnormal psychology, first Canadian edition.

Reviews the book, Essentials of abnormal psychology, first Canadian edition by V. Mark Durand, David H. Barlow, and Sherry H. Stewart (2007). This first edition covers the terrain one might expect of an abnormal psychology textbook. This includes chapters on historical context, approaches to psychopathology, clinical assessment, diagnosis and research methods, anxiety disorders, somatoform and dissociative disorders, mood disorders and suicide, physical disorders and health psychology, eating and sleep disorders, sexual and gender identity disorders, substance-related disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia and other related disorders, developmental and cognitive disorders, and finally, legal and ethical issues as related to mental health. Although the book initially may look rather dense (it is not), there are numerous organisational aids to facilitate learning. The authors have more than amply succeeded in their stated intention to present a multidimensional perspective, integrating behavioural, emotional and cognitive, and social contexts to explore the essentials of abnormal psychology. Using easy to understand language appropriate for undergraduates, this book guides the reader through the fascinating field of abnormal psychology, pointing out the expected, and for an added bonus, the unexpected and often neglected. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)