采用电磁分支电路阻尼吸振器的游艇减揺技术

游艇横摇严重影响船舶的稳定性和安全性,同时也降低了乘坐的舒适性,因此对船体进行减摇控制历来受到设计与研究人员的广泛关注。传统的减摇方式如减摇鳍等难以在复杂的航行条件下得到满意的稳定控制效果。本文尝试将电磁分支电路阻尼动力吸振器应用于游艇的减摇控制中,以改进船舶的稳定性与安全性。建立了游艇与电磁分支电路阻尼吸振器的耦合动力学模型,采用微粒群优化算法对电磁分支电路阻尼吸振器的工作参数进行了优化设计。基于优化得到的参数进行了游艇减摇仿真分析,结果表明电磁分支电路阻尼吸振器能够获得较好的减摇效果。     

大型低温液体贮槽内槽底板的焊接变形控制

根据大型低温液体贮槽内槽底板的部件组成及焊缝分布特点,分析了焊接底板时所产生的应力和变形状态,制定了一套有效合理的焊接工艺措施,以减少焊缝的收缩量,充分利用焊接底板时所产生的内应力,可有效地控制内槽底板的焊接变形。     

保吸引子的扰动抑制及其在舵减摇中的应用

针对一类受到持续扰动的系统,提出了保吸引子扰动抑制的概念。结合反步设计、Barbalat引理和Lyapunov分析方法,给出一个二次矩阵不等式条件,为这类系统设计了标量自适应鲁棒控制律,将受控系统的状态抑制在一个有界的吸引子内。这个二次矩阵不等式被转化为易于求解的线性矩阵不等式。并进一步利用线性矩阵不等式给出使吸引子最小化的判据,从而使扰动抑制进一步优化。作为应用,该文首先分析某型渔政船在随机斜浪中的横摇运动,然后将设计的扰动抑制控制律作为操舵力矩,运用于渔政船的横摇控制,并通过数值仿真验证了保吸引子舵减摇的效果。     

液体垫片对复合材料单搭接螺栓接头力学性能的影响

复合材料构件由于存在制造误差,装配时常常产生间隙,消除间隙的一种基本手段是向其中填充液体垫片。以复合材料单搭接螺栓连接接头为研究对象,设计了拉伸实验,选取一种改进的失效准则与对应的材料退化准则建立了渐进损伤有限元分析（FEA）模型,在此基础上研究了液体垫片对复合材料单搭接接头强度、刚度等力学性能的影响及复合材料孔内损伤演化的过程,此外还研究了液体垫片孔边的应力-应变状态。由实验与有限元结果可以得出：随着液体垫片厚度的增加,接头的拉伸刚度与峰值载荷均有所降低;相同载荷下复合材料孔内损伤加剧,孔内单元产生初始损伤时对应的载荷降低;但液体垫片厚度的增加可以降低垫片孔边的应力与塑性应变峰值,并使其分布更加均匀化,改善液体垫片孔边受力状态。     

船舶电气系统仿真的研究

本文通过对国内外常用船舶电气系统中船舱电气系统设计的研究,提出相对于国外同类型系统产品,国内常用船舱电气系统存在数据采样计算不完善所导致的通讯瓶颈问题。介绍了船舶电力系统试验室数字化测量控制系统的主站端硬件和软件结构,所开发的主站系统是基于开放分布式设计的体化试验室电网控制主站系统,人机界而友好,具有开放、实时的数据采集、处理、分析、控制的功能。     

减摇鳍模糊免疫自适应PID控制器设计及仿真研究

针对船舶横摇的非线性模型，利用免疫反馈机理，设计了一种减摇鳍模糊免疫自适应PID控制器。控制器将模糊控制与PID控制相结合，采用Fuzzy推理，对非线性函数进行模糊逼近，用模糊免疫P调节器实时整定PID控制器的比例增益，采用常规模糊控制器在线调整免疫PID控制器的积分时间常数和微分时间常数。通过对船舶减摇鳍控制系统的仿真，可以看出采用模糊免疫自适应PID控制器其控制效果远优于常规PID控制器，使减摇鳍的减摇效果得到显著提高。     

带有缓冲口的瓶盖

带有缓冲口的瓶盖涉及一种盛装液体的瓶盖。其技术特征是将缓冲口与瓶内口连为一体,缓冲口为一带动有若干槽的弧面。由于在瓶口上设置了缓冲口,使得人们在倾倒瓶口内液体时,液     

内旁通式磁流变阻尼器及其准静态流动分析

基于磁流变阻尼器的3种工作模式,本文提出内旁通式磁流变阻尼器工作模式,并对其进行了准静态流动分析.内旁通式磁流变阻尼器由内、外两通道组成,其中内通道受外加磁场的控制,而外通道则处于常通状态.内旁通式阻尼器有助于克服活塞换向时产生的运动空程现象,并简化磁流变阻尼器的设计.     

往复轴磁性液体密封间隙内磁性液体流动机理的研究

为了解决往复轴磁性液体密封中存在的问题，我们研究了往复轴以不同速度和行程运动时，密封间隙内磁性液体的流动状态。重点研究了：往复轴密封间隙内磁性液体流动机理；往复轴运动所带走磁性液体的量；往复轴磁性液体密封的失效原因；设计往复轴磁性液体密封的新结构．实践表明所设计的新结构在某些应用场合是非常有效的。     

油品贸易纠纷的调查与分析

<正>近期油品价格回升,随着油品贸易量的增大,油品贸易计量中的纠纷时有发生。一般对油品进行容量计量时,经常发现到港的同一批货物的船舱计量容积与计量罐计量容积有较大差异,有时计量罐计量容积比船舱计量容积少很多,交接双方常因两者结算方式差异太大引发经济纠纷。在国内液体货物的贸易计量中普遍将计量罐和油轮当作计量器具。然而在使用这些容器交接油品时,由于计量误差会给双方带来一定的经济亏损,下面就差异产生的原因作初步分析,通     

变曲率滚动隔震动力学分析及在球形储罐中的应用

根据力平衡原则推导了椭圆轨道滚动隔震装置恢复力力学模型,并分析了其不同椭圆函数参数及滚动摩擦系数时的力学性能。得出滚球半径及椭圆轨道短轴尺寸一定时,随着长轴的增加,刚度系数逐渐减小,且刚度函数及周期函数的变化率逐渐变小,地震作用时可调节范围也逐渐变小。建议椭圆长轴值的选取综合考虑上部结构自振频率及有可能产生的最大水平位移优化设计。采用速度势刚性理论推导球形储罐考虑储液晃动的变曲率滚动隔震简化力学模型,并进行了地震动响应研究。结果表明:考虑滚动基础隔震后能够有效地减小球形储罐地震动响应,尤其对基底剪力及倾覆弯矩有较好的减震控制作用。同时对储液的晃动响应也能起到一定的抑制作用。球形轨道滚动隔震与椭圆形轨道滚动隔震各工况均值减震率相差较小,且变曲率滚动隔震能在一定程度上限制隔震层位移。     

船舶摇摆振动对传热和制冷系统的影响研究述评

渔船发动机尾气制冷系统和核动力舰船的自然冷却系统在海洋条件下的安全稳定性是关乎其应用的重要问题。研究海洋条件下的流动与换热特性对提高制冷系统的稳定性具有重要意义。文中综述了海洋条件下船舶的摇摆与晃动对储液容器、换热器的热传递以及制冷系统影响的研究现状。大量研究表明,海洋条件下摇摆与晃荡会对流动与换热造成影响,而传热传质的强化或削弱依具体海况(摇摆和晃荡的剧烈程度)而不同。渔船尾气吸收式制冷系统在比较恶劣的海洋条件下将受到较大的影响。通过在储液容器(如吸收器、发生器)中增加阻尼板或阻尼网,可有效抑制储液容器内部液面波动,提高系统运行稳定性。     

基于多目标遗传算法的实验目标车底盘结构优化

在实际道路上开展实验目标车碰撞试验是智能汽车开发过程中的重要测试手段之一.为保证智能汽车的安全性,实验目标车的底盘必须具有抵抗较大碾压冲击的能力.由于实验目标车底盘的碾压过程涉及接触非线性和几何非线性等问题,仅基于仿真分析对其进行结构设计和优化存在较大困难.为此,首先采用显式非线性有限元法对实验目标车底盘的抗碾压性能进...     

Uncertainty quantification and seismic fragility of base-isolated liquid storage tanks using response surface models

Seismic response of base-isolated liquid storage tank is represented using response surface model (RSM) to consider the uncertainty in the isolator parameters. The effectiveness of RSM to represent the probability distributions of the peak seismic response quantities of the base-isolated liquid storage tank is studied in the framework of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Broad and slender configurations of the tanks isolated by lead–rubber bearing (New Zealand – NZ system) characterized with non-linear force-deformation behavior is considered in the present study. The influence of the uncertain isolator parameters on the seismic response of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks is investigated. Subsequently, seismic fragility of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks is evaluated using the RSM based MC simulation. The RSM estimates the non-linear seismic response of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks with sufficient accuracy. It is observed that the uncertainties in the isolator parameters significantly influence the peak response quantities of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks. The effectiveness of the base isolation technique, in terms of the reduced probability of failure, is observed by comparing the fragility curves for the fixed-base and base-isolated liquid storage tanks. It is also observed that increase in the isolation time period decreases the probability of failure for the base-isolated liquid storage tanks. It is concluded that the peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the earthquake ground motion can be included in the RSM to reduce the computational efforts for seismic fragility analysis.     

液体大幅晃动中的动平衡位置研究

液体在外部激励作用下发生大幅晃动时,晃动特性及响应将呈现一定的非线性,无法直接用传统等效力学模型进行描述。针对不同形状贮箱内液体在大幅晃动中的平衡位置变化进行了研究,从而为复合等效建模提供基础。首先考虑恒定激励,研究了轴对称贮箱及非轴对称贮箱内液体的动平衡位置,针对不同贮箱特点提出了平衡位置跟随等效重力部分的液体模型与动平衡位置描述方法,并进行了推导与CFD对比验证。其次,考查了时变激励下液体动平衡位置描述效果,针对上述贮箱形状分别进行了CFD仿真对比,验证了动平衡位置描述的正确性。最后,对该方法进行总结并对改进方向进行讨论。     

Development of a technology for protecting groundwater from <Superscript>137</Superscript>Cs on the territory of the BN-350 reactor facility

The ability of clinoptilolite from the Chankanai deposit to take up ¹³⁷Cs from groundwater and liquid radioactive waste from the BN-350 reactor facility on the territory of TOO MAEK-Kazatomprom in Kazakhstan was studied. The results of semicommercial tests demonstrate the efficiency of using clinoptilolite as a reagent material of the geochemical barrier for preventing the radionuclide migration into groundwater in case of leakage of tanks for storage of liquid radioactive waste. A design of the geochemical barrier was suggested.     

Differentiated tolerances for evaluating oil products in horizontal tanks

Conclusions It is necessary to replace the present generalized tolerances by new differentiated tolerances which should be divided into: limiting calibration errors for horizontal cylindrical tanks with respect to their diameter and the height of the liquid in them; the data for these tolerances are contained in Table 1; limiting errors in measuring the content of oil products in tanks with respect to their diameter and the height of the liquid in them; the data for these errors are given in Table 3.A draft set of differentiated tolerances for determining the content of oil products in horizontal cylindrical tanks (in percentage of their capacity for a given height of liquid in them) is provided by Table 3.A draft set of differentiated tolerances for calibrating horizontal cylindrical tanks (in percentage of their capacity for given heights of liquid in them) is provided by Table 4.     

Effect of thermo-mechanical histories on the microstructure and properties of Zr<Subscript>65</Subscript>Al<Subscript>10</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>10</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>15</Subscript> metallic glassy plates

Effect of thermo-mechanical histories during hot rolling in the supercooled liquid region on the microstructure and properties of Zr₆₅Al₁₀Ni₁₀Cu₁₅ metallic glassy plates was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microhardness and electrical resistivity measurements. It was found that some nano-scale clusters and a few crystalline phases were dispersed in the amorphous matrix, which may depress the crystallization onset temperature (T_x). The microhardness increased while the electrical resistivity first increased and then decreased with hot rolling times. So, it is important for the working and forming of bulk metallic glasses in the supercooled liquid region to take the thermo-mechanical histories into account.     

Microstructure and mechanical property of Zr<Subscript>65</Subscript>Al<Subscript>7.5</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>10</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>12.5</Subscript>Ag<Subscript>5</Subscript> bulk metallic glass subjected to rolling

The as-cast and the pre-annealed Zr₆₅Al_7.5Ni₁₀Cu_12.5Ag₅ bulk metallic glasses were rolled at room temperature to different deformation degrees, and the microstructure and microhardness were examined. It is revealed that no phase transformation occurs in the as-cast/rolled specimen except for localized shear bands, indicating that the material has a good structural stability against plastic deformation. When the glass is pre-annealed in the supercooled liquid region for a short time, however, the stability deteriorates significantly. In this case, rolling deformation results in nanocrystallization in the specimen. The pre-annealed glass has less free volume than the as-cast glass, but it does not exhibit a quicker increase in free volume content during the rolling, suggesting that free volume is prone to annihilate at the crystal/glass interfaces. With nanocrystallization occurred, the microhardness of the pre-annealed specimen decreases at a slower rate than that of the as-cast one during rolling deformation.