PP/GF/EPDM微发泡复合材料制备及性能研究

通过微发泡注塑成型制备了聚丙烯/玻纤/三元乙丙橡胶(PP/GF/EPDM)复合材料,并研究了EPDM对微孔发泡PP/GF/EPDM复合材料微观形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着EPDM用量的增加,泡孔直径呈先变小后变大、泡孔密度呈先变大后变小的趋势;当EPDM用量为15%时,微发泡制品的微观形态最好。同时,随着EPDM用量的增加,微发泡制品的拉伸强度有所降低,而冲击强度有所提高,且拉伸强度和冲击强度下降比值均呈先减小后增大的趋势;当EPDM用量为15%时,强度下降比值最小。此时PP/GF/EPDM微发泡制品的综合性能最好,其多项性能指标优于纯PP微发泡制品,达到了增强增韧的预期目的。     

微孔发泡PP/OBC/滑石粉复合材料的泡孔结构和力学性能

采用超临界N₂发泡技术和注射成型工艺制备了微孔发泡聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-辛烯嵌段共聚物(OBC)/滑石粉复合材料,研究了OBC的含量对PP/OBC/滑石粉复合材料泡孔结构和力学性能的影响。使用差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜分别对复合材料的结晶行为和泡孔结构进行表征。结果表明,少量OBC能改善PP/OBC/滑石粉复合材料的结晶行为和泡孔结构。当OBC质量分数为10%时,PP/OBC/滑石粉复合材料的泡孔密度为2.0×10⁶个/cm³,平均泡孔直径为57μm。OBC具有良好的增韧效果,但会导致拉伸强度下降。当OBC的质量分数为20%时,PP/OBC/滑石粉复合材料缺口冲击强度高达79.7 kJ/m²,比未添加OBC时高了149.6%。当OBC质量分数高于20%时,PP/OBC/滑石粉复合材料的拉伸断裂方式会从脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。当OBC质量分数为30%～40%时,PP/OBC/滑石粉复合材料断裂伸长率高达501.84%～554.63%。     

微孔发泡技术在PP/EPDM复合材料中的应用研究

研究了复合交联剂、复合发泡剂及其用量对PP/EPDM复合材料力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:PP/EPDM(70∶30)复合材料经过微孔发泡后,其力学性能达到PP/EPDM(50∶50)复合材料力学性能;微孔发泡技术的应用可减少复合材料中EPDM用量,达到降低成本的目的。     

云母粉对注塑发泡PP/EPDM共混物泡孔结构和力学性能的改善

采用注塑发泡方法制备了质量比为75/25的聚丙烯/三元乙丙橡胶(PP/EPDM)共混物和质量比为75/25/7.5的PP/EPDM/云母粉复合材料制品,分析了两种制品泡孔结构和结晶性能的差异及其对制品力学性能的影响。结果表明:与共混物发泡制品相比,复合材料发泡制品的拉伸屈服强度、拉伸断裂强度、断裂伸长率和无缺口冲击强度分别提高约5%、48%、206%和22%,并呈现应变硬化现象。复合材料发泡制品的泡孔直径明显较小且分布较均匀,泡孔密度明显较大,结晶度较高,这些是使复合材料发泡制品具有较高力学性能的主要原因。     

微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能研究

采用化学发泡注塑成型的方法制备了微发泡聚丙烯/玻璃纤维(PP/GF)复合材料;结合成核理论和玻纤增强机理,研究了发泡质量对微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:在PP/GF复合材料中添加5.0%纳米SiO2后,纳米SiO2对PP与GF的相容性并无太大影响,微孔发泡PP/GF复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度得到较大提高。     

PP/HDPE/滑石粉复合材料微孔发泡实验研究

为了改善聚丙烯(PP)的微孔发泡性能,将PP与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混,提高其熔体强度;然后在PP/HDPE共混体系中加入少量滑石粉,研究滑石粉的用量对共混体系熔体强度及微孔发泡过程的影响。研究结果表明,滑石粉的加入使体系的熔体强度提高,发泡样品的泡孔结构变得更均匀。而且,随着滑石粉用量的增加,泡孔尺寸减小,泡孔密度增加。     

滑石粉对聚丙烯微观形态和性能影响

以滑石粉为填料通过挤出机熔融共混制备聚丙烯（PP）/滑石粉复合材料,考察了硅烷偶联剂对滑石粉表面改性前后及添加不同含量的乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE）对共混物力学性能、流变性能和微观形态的影响。结果表明,滑石粉表面改性后可以明显提高PP的缺口冲击强度,当PP/滑石粉质量比为100/10和100/30时,PP/滑石粉（改性）较PP/滑石粉（未改性）复合材料的缺口冲击强度分别提高37.8 %与36.4 %;表面改性后的滑石粉使复合材料的储能模量降低;POE的加入提高了滑石粉在PP基体中的分散性,随着其含量的增加,复合材料的缺口冲击强度提高,韧性提高。     

PP/HDPE/EPDM复合体系微孔发泡实验

聚丙烯(PP)是结晶性聚合物,熔体强度低,发泡性能差.为了提高PP的微孔发泡性能,首先将PP和聚乙烯(PE)共混,然后在PP/PE共混体系中加入少量EPDM,研究EPDM的质量含量对PP/PE共混体系熔体强度和最终泡孔结构的影响.分析机理,寻找能够提高PP熔体强度和改善发泡性能的材料.     

组分对PA6/PP/滑石粉三元复合材料的影响

通过双螺杆挤出制备了尼龙6(PA6)/聚丙烯(PP)/滑石粉三元复合材料,考察不同PA6、PP及滑石粉和增容剂种类及含量对PA6/PP/滑石粉三元复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,中黏度(2.4~2.7 Pa·s)PA6、聚乙烯(PE)含量达到7%~9%的嵌段共聚PP及粒径为2~5μm的滑石粉制备的PA/PP/滑石粉三元复合材料具有优异的力学性能;随着PA6含量增加,PA6/PP/滑石粉三元复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度增加,吸水率上升,PP含量增加,PA6/PP/滑石粉三元复合材料吸水率下降,拉伸强度和弯曲强度也下降;滑石粉的粒径越大,PA6/PP/滑石粉三元复合材料的刚性越好,冲击强度越差,滑石粉的粒径越小,则容易团聚,三元复合材料形成应力集中点;增容剂马来酸酐接枝乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVAC-g-MAH)和马来酸酐接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM-g-MAH)复配对PA6/PP/滑石粉三元复合材料增容效果优于马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)或EPDM-g-MAH;当EVAC-gMAH和EPDM-g-MAH添加量各为5%,PA6/PP/滑石粉质量比为50/20/20时,制备出的PA6/PP/滑石粉三元复合材料具有较佳的力学性能,并有优异的加工性能,其缺口冲击强度可达6.6 k J/m^2。     

PP/改性滑石粉复合材料性能研究

以钛酸酯偶联剂为改性剂对滑石粉进行表面改性,然后将其填充到聚丙烯(PP)中,制成PP/改性滑石粉复合材料。考察了滑石粉用量对PP/滑石粉复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,并对比了滑石粉改性前后复合材料力学性能及阻燃性能的差异。结果表明:添加滑石粉可提高PP复合材料的阻燃性能和耐热性能。另外,未改性滑石粉的添加降低了PP复合材料的力学性能,而适量改性滑石粉的添加(≤20 phr)则使复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度得到提升。     

Compact Swelling in Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr2Ca2Cu3.6Oy During the Formation of High-Tc Superconducting Phase

Compact swelling in Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been studied by observing the effects of the size of calcined powders, volatilization of materials, and sintering of high- T _c (2223) powders. The bulk density increases at the early stage of sintering, for about 20 h, and then decreases. Densification occurs when the low- T _c (2212) phase and a liquid phase exist, whereas dedensification occurs with the formation of the 2223 phase regardless of the presence of the liquid. Gas evolution from specimens does not appear to be responsible for compact swelling. Compact swelling is explained by anisotropic growth of thin, platelike 2223 grains in random orientation. When 2223 grains grow in a preferred direction, compact swelling is suppressed.     

Synthetic routes to nanoscale BxCyNz architectures

B_xC_yN_z nanoscale materials, hybrids of h-BN and graphite, have been recently synthesised using various techniques. Here, we present the latest advances in the synthesis and characterisation of B-C-N nanotubes and nanofibres. In particular, we focus on layered BC₂N, BN, BC and CN_x systems, reviewing their production methods as well as their structural and electronic properties. These materials may find important applications in the fabrication of nanotransistors, robust nanocomposites, conducting polymers, storage components and field emission sources.     

Structure Evolution from Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 to La(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3

The crystal structure of lanthanum-modified lead magnesium niobates having composition (Pb_{1− x} La _x ) (Mg_{(1+ x )/3}-Nb_{(2− x )/3})O₃ with X = 0 to 1 was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. It was found that the fundamental reflections from perovskite structure remain in the whole range of composition. The superlattice reflections from the A(B'_1/2-B"_1/2)O₃ ordered structure are also well preserved for La content greater than 50 at.%; however, a series of extra peaks of mixing indices appears, with intensities gradually enhanced with the increase of La content. For the complete substitution of Pb by La, a splitting of some reflections can be observed in the diffraction pattern. The results indicate that the crystal structure evolves continuously with the La content, from disordered cubic perovskite of space group Pm 3 m for X = 0, to ordered cubic perovskite of space group Fm 3 m for X = 0.5, distorted cubic perovskite of space group Pa 3 for 0.5 < X < 0.9, and finally to a rhombohedral perovskite, possibly belonging to the space group R 3 , for X ≥ 0.9. In the evolution of structure, a linear reduction of the lattice constant of the perovskite cell from 4.048 to 3.964 Å was observed.     

Dielectric-State Analysis in Solid-Solution Pb(Yb1/2Ta1/2)O3–Pb(Lu1/2Nb1/2)O3

The structure and temperature dependence of complex lead perovskite dielectrics were investigated for the system (1 − x )Pb(Yb_1/2Ta_1/2)O₃– x Pb(Lu_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃. Superlattice reflections for the compositions 0.8 < x < 1.0 were observed by X-ray diffractometry, and the temperature-composition dielectric-state diagram was determined. In the present study, the disordered middle composition, with 0.2 < x < 0.8, showed a diffuse paraelectric–ferroelectric phase transition, whereas the ordered end compositions, with 0 ≤ x < 0.2 and 0.8 < x ≤ 1.0, revealed successive sharp paraelectric–antiferroelectric and weak antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase transitions. The dielectric state was confirmed by examining the variation of polarization ( P ) with electric field ( E ).     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Microwave Dielectric Properties of CaTiO3-CaAl1/2Nb1/2O3 Ceramics Doped with Li3NbO4

The microwave dielectric properties of CaTi_{1− x} (Al_1/2Nb_1/2) _x O₃ solid solutions (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been investigated. The sintered samples had perovskite structures similar to CaTiO₃. The substitution of Ti⁴⁺ by Al³⁺/Nb⁵⁺ improved the quality factor Q of the sintered specimens. A small addition of Li₃NbO₄ (about 1 wt%) was found to be very effective for lowering sintering temperature of ceramics from 1450–1500° to 1300°C. The composition with x = 0.5 sintered at 1300°C for 5 h revealed excellent dielectric properties, namely, a dielectric constant (ɛ_r) of 48, a Q × f value of 32 100 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τ_f) of −2 ppm/K. Li₃NbO₄ as a sintering additive had no harmful influence on τ_f of ceramics.