熔融法制备EPDM-g-MAZn离聚物影响因素的优化及表征

采用熔融法制备三元乙丙橡胶接枝马来酸锌(EPDM-g-MAZn)离聚物,并用正交试验设计的方法研究了影响离聚物的各种因素。分析了反应物浓度、实验条件等因素对接枝率的影响规律。正交试验结果表明:当单体(MAZn)为20%,引发剂(DCP)为2%,反应时间为6 min,反应温度为200℃时,离聚物的接枝率最高。     

不同引发剂对PE熔融接枝MAH的影响

利用熔融反应挤出技术,研究了不同引发剂对聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐的影响。结果表明,DCP比较适合作为PE熔融接枝马来酸酐的引发剂,PE-g-MAH的接枝率随着DCP的用量增加而增加,接枝物的熔体流动速率（MFR）刚好相反,这是因为PE在接枝反应中存在交联的情况。     

马来酸酐接枝HDPE的性能特征

采用熔融接枝法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)与马来酸酐(MAH)接枝物,通过调整引发剂(DCP、BPO)和反应物马来酸酐(MAH)的用量来控制接枝率.研究结果表明,随着引发剂和MAH用量的增加,接枝率呈现先增大后降低的趋势.且DCP接枝物的接枝率大于BPO接枝物的接枝率,BPO接枝物的剪切黏度大于DCP接枝物的剪切黏度.     

离聚物对PETP/LDPE共混物的力学性能和相形态的影响

本文通过用挤出机合成了低密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸镧(LDPE—g—MALa)离聚物,并考察了该离聚物对PETP/LDPE共混物的力学性能和相形态的影响。研究表明,离聚物通过改善PETP与LDPE之间的相容性,从而大幅度提高了共混物的冲击强度。     

PVC／PE共混体系的研究—P（E—g—DBM）的合成及其对PVC／LDPE共混的增容作用

本文报道了用聚乙烯(PE)接枝顺丁烯二酸二丁酯(DBM)合成P(E-g-DBM)接枝共聚物的反应,红外光谱,元素分析结果表明:PE 接枝 DBM 是可行的,并且采用熔融法接枝反应比溶液法容易进行。对 PVC/LDPE/P(E-g-DBM)共混物的力学性能(电子强力试验)、相态结构(光学显微镜和扫描电镜 SEM 观察)研究表明:P(E-g-DBM)对 PVC/LDPE 共混有增容作用,其作用强度随着 P(E-g-DBM)中 DBM 含量适当提高而增强。     

低温增韧尼龙6改性料的研究

研究了在有机过氧化物引发剂(DCP)作用下,马来酸酐(MAH)和聚乙烯在Brabender流变仪中反应接枝,以及接枝母料(PE—g—MAH)的制备方法和工艺。通过化学法测定PE—g—MAH的接枝率(Gx),加入一定接枝率的该母料后,获得适合于扣件挡板座用的尼龙6-聚乙烯共混物的改性材料。     

聚乙烯熔融挤出接枝马来酸酐的研究

通过低密度聚乙烯熔融挤出接枝MAH(马来酸酐)研究了单体及复配单体、引发剂及复配引发剂对LDPE接枝的影响,并用红外光谱法证实了接枝反应。研究表明:复配单体和复配引发剂用量对接枝率有较大影响,AA(丙烯酸)的加入提高了接枝率,DCP/BPO为3/1时接枝率最高。在聚乙烯防雾膜中加入PE g MAH接枝共聚物可提高膜的防雾性。     

铝塑复合板用热熔胶的制备及性能研究

以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂、马来酸酐(MAH)为接枝改性单体和聚乙烯(PE)为主要原料,采用熔融挤出法制备了铝塑复合板用PE-g-MAH(聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐)基HMA(热熔胶),并着重探讨了DCP和MAH含量对PE-g-MAH的接枝效率和粘接性能等影响。结果表明:在试验范围内,PE-g-MAH的接枝效率(y)与DCP含量(x1)或MAH含量(x2)之间的关系符合y=28.03x1+1.49或y=0.73x2+10.65的线性关系;当w(DCP)=0.44%、w(MAH)=2%时,PE-g-MAH基HMA的粘接性能相对最好,其剪切强度(6.10 MPa)高于杜邦HMA(4.26 MPa),并且其接枝效率为12.91%。     

PE/PP共混物熔融接枝马来酸酐的研究

研究了聚乙烯(PE)和聚丙烯(PP)共混物接枝马来酸酐(MAH)时，引发剂(DCP)、接枝单体(MAH)和PP用量对接枝率的影响。结果表明，DCP与MAH的交互作用是影响接枝率的重要因素，在低DCP、MAH用量时，它们之间的交互作用并不明显，当用量均提高至一定程度后，且DCP用量为MAH用量的10％时，产物的接枝效率最高。在体系中加入适当粘度和结构的PP，可以获得接枝率变化不大，而熔体质量流动速率明显增大的接枝物。     

MAH接枝HDPE及HDPE-g-MAH/PA6共混合金的性能

采用熔融法制备高密度聚乙烯与马来酸酐接枝物(HDPE-g-MAH),并以此接枝物制备HDPE-g-MAH/PA6共混合金,通过调整引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)和马来酸酐的用量来控制接枝率,并研究该共混合金的性能与接枝率之间的关系.结果表明:HDPE-g-MAH/PA6共混合金的力学性能、耐热性等均较纯高密度聚乙烯有很大提高,当质量比HDPE:PA6:MAH:DCP为60:40:1:0.3时,共混合金表现出较佳的性能.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。