异种双活性基染料湿摩擦牢度再探讨

影响异种双活性基染料湿摩擦牢度主要有四个基本因素:染色基质的可染性、活性染料的化学结构、洗涤效率和助剂因素。提出了棉坏布预处理、使用助剂、提高染料的固色率和吸尽率、提升力等9项改进此类染料湿处理牢度的措施。有3篇参考文献。     

关于活性染料及分散染料色牢度的几个热点问题探讨（二）

该文以活性染料及分散染料所涉及的最为敏感,印染行业最为关心并难以解决的有关色牢度进行探讨.例如活性染料浅色印染织物的日晒牢度,深浓色织物的水洗牢度和湿摩擦牢度;分散染料的染后热迁移造成的牢度下降.解决这些问题涉及褪色机理与染料分子结构的关系、染料和助剂的开发和应用、印染工艺合理化等.     

关于活性染料及分散染料色牢度的几个热点问题探讨（一）

该文以活性染料及分散染料所涉及的最为敏感,印染行业最为关心并难以解决的有关色牢度进行探讨.例如活性染料浅色印染织物的日晒牢度,深浓色织物的水洗牢度和湿摩擦牢度;分散染料的染后热迁移造成的牢度下降.解决这些问题涉及褪色机理与染料分子结构的关系、染料和助剂的开发和应用、印染工艺合理化等.     

Use of ionic liquids as ‘green’ solvents for extractions

This review summarizes recent applications of ionic liquids (ILs) as ‘green’ solvents in extractions of a variety of substances, including metal ions, organic and bio‐molecules, organosulfur from fuels, and gases. ILs could also be used along with another ‘green’ technology, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), for a more effective separation of products from ILs. In addition to their environmentally‐benign feature, ILs have other favorable properties over organic solvents used for extraction, such as adjustable hydrophobicity, polarity and selectivity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

‘High Conductivity’ Monolith Catalysts for Gas/Solid Exothermic Reactions

The replacement of conventional packed beds of catalyst pellets with novel ‘high conductivity’ honeycomb catalysts in industrial externally cooled multitubular fixed‐bed reactors for exothermic gas/solid processes offers potential advantages besides reduced pressure drops. Near‐isothermal operation could result in safer reaction operation, better catalyst thermal stability, improved selectivities, higher throughputs and more economical reactors with larger tubes. We report herein an experimental and theoretical investigation of this concept.     

Dyes Containing Aliphatic Amino End Groups: An Approach to Reactive Dyes for Polyester Fibre via Transamidation

The synthesis and characterization of a number of 3–[N–(3′–aminopropyl)carboxamido]–4–arylazopyrazolone dyes is described. Under Thermosol dyeing conditions, a certain amount of covalent bonding occurs between the dyes and polyester fibre via transamidation.     

纱线活性染料染灰色日晒牢度探讨

针对纱线活性染料染灰色日晒牢度差问题,结合拼色用量及染色成本,给出合理染料组合,使日晒牢度得以提高,质量得到保证。     

Development of Nickel‐on‐Charcoal as a ‘‘Dirt‐Cheap’’ Heterogeneous Catalyst: A Personal Account

In the review by B. H. Lipschutz in Issue 4, 2001, pp. 313–326 Equation 3 on page 317 was inadvertently replaced with Equation 5. The correct Equation 3 is given here.     

Development of Nickel‐on‐Charcoal as a ‘‘Dirt‐Cheap’’ Heterogeneous Catalyst: A Personal Account

A personal account tracing the origins and continuing evolution of nickel‐on‐charcoal (Ni/C) as a practical, alternative, group 10 metal catalyst is presented. Discussed are applications to several ‘‘name reactions’’ which lead to both carbon−carbon and carbon−nitrogen bond constructions utilizing inexpensive aryl chlorides as substrates. Reductions of chloroarenes are also catalyzed by Ni/C, a process which may be worthy of consideration in terms of environmental cleanup of PCBs and dioxins. Collaborative efforts are also mentioned aimed at probing the surface structure of Ni/C, with the goal of enhancing catalyst activity. Future directions for development of heterogeneous nickel catalysts are proposed. 1 Introduction: Nickel‐on‐Charcoal? Never Heard of It… 2 Mixing a Ni(II) Salt with Charcoal: Getting It to ‘Stick’ and Reduction to Ni(0) 3 First Results: Negishi‐Like Couplings with Functionalized Zinc Reagents 4 Is Ni/C Compatible with Grignard Reagents? Kumada‐Like Couplings 5 Suzuki Couplings with Aryl Chlorides: Ni/C Takes the Challenge 6 Aminations of Aryl Chlorides: and the ‘Magic’ Phosphine Ligand is… 7 Reductive Dechlorinations of Aryl Chlorides: Searching for a Mild Source of Hydride 8 What Does “Ni/C” Really Look Like? Surface Science to the Rescue 9 Summary… and a Look Ahead     

Photoreactive Dyes: The Potential of Azido-substituted Dyes as Latent Reactive Dyes for Wool

Dyes containing azido substituents have been examined as latent reactive dyes for wool and nylon. Three different substituents, viz. azidophenyl, azidosulphonyl and diazidotriazinyl, were used. It was found that dyes containing azidophenyl groups could be applied under conditions where little reaction with the fibre occurred. These dyes could then be induced to react covalently with the fibre either by irradiation with light or by ironing at 200d?C. However, the binding of the dye to the fibre occurs in rather low yield (30–40%) and, in some cases, is accompanied by a marked colour change. Dyes containing azidosulphonyl or diazidotriazinyl substituents react with wool and nylon during application, and they are therefore unsuitable as latent reactive dyes.     

Novel alumina ‘KK Leaf Structures’ as catalyst supports

A method has been devised in which alumina can be formed into a layer of thin leaf-like structures that have a thickness of 0.2–0.8 μm. This consists of a process in which aluminium iso-propoxide is transformed into a sol–gel and then: frozen (−195 °C), freeze-dried (−60 °C), and finally calcined (450 °C). These special conditions lead to the formation of a structure that is named: ‘KK Leaves’.

After calcining at 450 °C, the leaves have a specific surface area of 282 m²/g, an average pore size of 2.8 nm, and exhibit a curly shape. The structure has the appearance of a loosely packed (but ordered) collection of thin curly leaves with fine ribs resembling leaf veins on trees and plants. They would readily act as a support, e.g., for a catalyst, or adsorbents, or act as a membrane filter.     

New approaches for designing ‘programmable’ microfluidic devices

By exploiting the inherent interactions between soft particles and patterned substrates, researchers are developing new methods for controlling the motion of microcarriers and cells in microchannels. Anna Balazs reveals how these could be used to control precisely reactions on the microscale. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Reactive Dyes and Resin-treated Wool — Keys to the Attainment of Superwash Standards

The importance of control in the application of the water-soluble polymer, Hercosett 57, to prechlorin-ated wool tops and garments, is stressed with special reference to its effect on washability and subsequent dyeing operations. Reactive dyes play a vital role in achieving adequate colour fastness to meet machine-washable specifications and this paper pays special attention to problems of wet fastness encountered with full-depth dyeings produced with these dyes. In order to overcome these problems, both the dyeing operation and the after-treatment stage have been closely studied. A novel after-treatment is proposed as being more effective than the usual dilute ammonia method. Both high-temperature dyeing and low-temperature dyeing are discussed, the former method showing advantages in the case of full-depth dyeings and the latter in the case of pale-depth dyeings.     

Colour specifiers – a tool for ‘quick response’?

Colour selection is an important factor in the design of textile products and traditionally this has depended on a large number of laboratory matchings being prepared from which the final selection is made. Colour atlases as an aid to colour selection are not new and those available are reviewed in this paper. The design of an ideal colour specifier is considered and its role is outlined together with a discussion of the advantages gained from its use. Finally the use of the specifier by dyers and printers as a further aid to ‘quick response’ is demonstrated. It is shown that the laboratory matching tier in the product development process can be eliminated by the use of the specifier in conjunction with a dedicated sample dyeing facility backed by colour measurement technology.