采用PLC控制炭素阳极配料

阐述了利用ＰＬＣ控制技术和变频调速器相结合，采用智能补偿算法，自动控制炭素阳极生产过程的配料工作，这种方法控制精度高，配比准确，为控制阳极质量提供了准确和有效的手段。     

碳素阳极配料自动控制系统

0 引言 1 碳素阳极是铝电解工艺中至关重要的原料。碳素阳极生产过程中各种物料重量的配比直接决定了产品质量的优劣。目前，国内碳素阳极配料过程一般采用配料车用人工控制配料下料量的方法，很难确保配料比例的准确，经常出现在混捏过程中发现配料有误差，需要进行补油操作，从而导致由于生坯质量问题，影响电解效率，甚至有阳极断裂的现象发生。同时，由于碳素粉末很细，造成现场环境恶劣，对配料工人的身体健康构成很大威胁。因此，采用PLC控制技术和配料智能补偿算法，运用变频调速［1］方式控制电机，实现碳素阳极配料的精确计量和自动控制，不仅减少了工人劳动强度，改善了工作环境，而且大大提高了碳素阳极的产品质量。     

有序神经网络及在阳极效应预报中的应用

提出了利用有序神经网络研究铝电解槽阳极效应的预报问题。概述了铝电解槽及其阳极效应的基本情况,针对铝电解槽控制难题和传统方法的不足,选择有序神经网络用于阳极效应概率预报。描述了有序神经网络的基本结构、与传统单隐层BP神经网络的区别以及由此带来的网络映射性能的改善,并使用梯度下降原则推导了有序神经网络的学习算法。使用铝电解槽的现场数据对有序神经网络进行训练并检验,结果表明有序神经网络可以比传统神经网络更及时、准确地对铝电解槽阳极效应进行预报。     

阳极焙烧温度的建模与多变量解耦控制

阳极焙烧温度系统是一个含有耦合、大时滞、非线性的多变量控制系统。为实现对阳极焙烧温度的精确控制,依据现场采集的大量温度数据,辨识出阳极焙烧炉温度的二阶惯性滞后控制模型。以此模型为初始预测模型,提出阳极焙烧温度的多变量预测函数解耦控制方法,对焙烧温度进行多变量预测函数解耦控制。仿真和应用结果表明,这种控制方法的控制精度和鲁棒性优于原有的PID方法,具有很好的控制效果。     

重油输送系统基于流量-压力的建模与仿真

应用于阳极焙烧的重油输送的精确控制是一个典型交叉耦合的复杂控制问题，它对炭阳极焙烧质量起关键作用，输送过程中涉及到重油流量、压力和温度三个参量的变化。为了简化所建模型，假定重油输送过程中油温恒定，这样在建模过程中就剩下重油流量与压力之间的耦合关系。为了实现阳极焙烧重油输送的精确控制，通过对阳极焙烧重油输送工作机理的分析。以现场实际采集的数据为基础，采用管道流体传输的物理机理建立对象的模型的方法，提出了一种阳极焙烧萤油输送的基于流量-压力精确控制的数学模型，经仿真验证了该模型的有效性。     

基于PID的阳极焙烧控制系统研究

本文介绍了阳极焙烧自动化控制系统组成、结构和特点,着重研究了用PID控制方法对焙烧温度的检测、控制和调节.     

碳素阳极配料计算机控制系统

本介绍采用先进的PLC控制技术和配料智能补偿算法，运用变频调速方式控制电机，实现了碳素阳极配料的精确计量和自动控制。     

阳极焙烧燃油供给温度的模糊预测函数控制

阳极焙烧燃油供给温度的精确控制是一个具有非线性特性的流体加热供给控制问题,实际测试表明,现有的PID控制很难实现对燃油供给温度的动态跟踪控制,影响燃油的充分喷射、雾化及其与空气的混合,使部分燃油得不到充分燃烧,造成了能源浪费和环境污染。提出基于粒子群优化模糊预测函数控制（PSO-F-PFC）的油料燃烧供给温度控制方法,通过与PID控制方法的比较,以及对阳极焙烧炉重油燃烧供给温度的动态跟踪控制表明,该方法优于原有燃油燃烧系统的PID控制,实现了燃油供给温度的动态跟踪精确控制。     

铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程铜液温度软测量模型及应用

基于铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程热工机理，建立了铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程铜液温度软测量模型，在铜液温度软测量的算法设计中采用数据预处理、黄金分割法搜索区间以及软测量模型参数校正等技术。实际应用结果表明，铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程铜液温度软测量可以反映氧化过程铜液温度的真实变化，有助于实现铜精炼阳极炉精炼过程铜液温度软控制以及提高铜精炼过程的生产效率和生产质量。     

碳素焙烧炉内N型铠装热电偶的失效机理研究

炉温的准确测量和控制是保证碳素阳极焙烧产品质量的关键。针对碳素焙烧炉使用的N型铠装热电偶的常见失效现象进行了分析,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪等设备观察了失效热电偶丝的形貌特征和成分分布。分析结果表明：热电偶信号消失和时断时续现象都是由负极偶丝断裂造成的,后者是在偶丝断裂后又重新焊接的情况下发生,断裂包括整体熔断和过烧两种机制;严重测温漂移的主要原因是偶丝受到Mn污染、正极偶丝表面氧化及其Cr和Si的选择性氧化。在此基础上,提出了改进套管材料、偶丝预氧化、调整热电偶安装位置等新型改进方案。该研究不仅对改善N型热电偶的可靠性和使用寿命、保证碳素阳极的质量具有重要意义,还为热电偶制造和使用企业提供借鉴。     

Database management standards: status and applicability

This article presents the current status of existing and emerging ISO, ANSI, and FIPS standards for database management, specifically Database Languages NDL and SQL and Remote Database Access (RDA). It describes the general content of each standard and discusses its applicability, availability, completeness, maturity, stability, existing usage, and known limitations. Where appropriate, it also addresses the availability of conformance test suites and future plans for enhancements and follow-on standardization efforts.     

Ethical and legal issues for writing researchers in an age of media convergence

With the convergence of digital media into ever-widening social and technological networks for creation and distribution, the contexts for writing and the study of writing and writers have certainly changed. Researchers must navigate a dense matrix of ethical and legal issues in all phases of research when studying the ever-changing processes and products of digital communications. In this article, I draw from numerous sources to articulate a few of the challenges facing digital writing researchers in this age of convergence, focusing on issues of representation (researcher, participant, third-party), issues of informed consent, and issues of copyright and fair use.     

Environmental ergonomics: a review of principles, methods and models

A review of the principles, methods and models used in environmental ergonomics is provided in terms of the effects of heat and cold, vibration, noise and light on the health, comfort and performance of people. Environmental ergonomics is an integral part of the discipline of ergonomics and should be viewed and practised from that perspective. Humans do not respond to the environment in a way monotonically related to direct measures of the physical environment. There are human characteristics which determine human sensitivities and responses. Practical methods for assessing responses to individual environmental components are presented as well as responses to ‘total’ environments and current and proposed International Standards concerned with the ergonomics of the physical environment.     

Integration | Innovation | Inclusion: Values,Variables and the Design of Human Environments

Complexity, complication, contradiction, consumption, confusion, delusion, depression. Opportunity, inspiration, ingenuity, compassion, wisdom. Our world is perplexing, our times are fast moving, and our choices are many. To find an appropriate path is a daunting yet vital challenge that confronts us as individuals, as communities, and as a civilization. How sustainable is our world? How reasonable are our behaviors? The present article is a collection of thoughts on a series of intertwined issues related to the contemporary world, its environmental dimensions, and their present-day problems. The goal is to survey the landscape through a lens of Environmental Design, to provide some perspectives, to raise some questions, and to explore systems, beliefs, and values informing and influencing actions. It is important to consider how people's belief systems influence, inform, and shape actions. This holds true in realms political, spiritual, and cultural. It also proves relevant in the ways in which we imagine, design, develop, and construct our buildings, cities, spaces, and places.

Appropriate solutions to some of our most daunting problems will arise through the concerted efforts, open dialogue, and collective wisdom of the wide array of stakeholders, professionals, politicians, decision makers, and citizens (both engaged and disenfranchised) who have the will and wherewithal to make a difference and to make the world safer, healthier, and better. It seems vital for us to critically examine, and question, our belief systems and their connections to the ways we define, refine, and realize progress. Architecture and Environmental Design, in both a philosophical and a practical sense, reflect as well as form greater aspirations, directions, and events of our times.     

基于RGB-D信息的移动机器人SLAM和路径规划方法研究与实现

移动机器人在各种辅助任务中需具备自主定位、建图、路径规划与运动控制的能力。本文利用RGB-D信息和ORB-SLAM算法进行自主定位,结合点云数据和GMapping算法建立环境栅格地图,基于二次规划方法进行平滑可解析的路径规划,并设计非线性控制器,实现了由一个运动底盘、一个RGB-D传感器和一个运算平台组成的自主移动机器人系统。经实验验证,这一系统实现了复杂室内环境下的实时定位与建图、自主移动和障碍物规避。由此,为移动机器人的推广应用提供了一个硬件结构简单、性能良好、易扩展、经济性好、开发维护方便的解决方案。     

Interpretive Tools for 3-D Structural Geological Modelling Part II: Surface Design from Sparse Spatial Data

We present software tools and methods applicable to the geological modelling of sparse spatial and structural data within a 3-D digital environment. Free-form surfaces derived from section-style control frames and constrained by field-based structural measurements are employed as partially automated design aids intended to speed up and streamline the 3-D geological model building process. Some design degrees of freedom such as NURBS tension (or weights), knot sequencing and tying surface features are also discussed with examples drawn from spatial and structural data collected in Baffin Island by the Geological Survey of Canada and near-mine exploration data from Canadian mines. Interpolation of field-based structural measurements along the boundary of an unknown surface is also demonstrated. This work is potentially relevant to regional mappers and others dealing with sparse spatial and structural data, and/or conceptual surface modelling.     

Expert system verification and validation: a survey and tutorial

Assuring the quality of an expert system is critical. A poor quality system may make costly errors resulting in considerable damage to the user or owner of the system, such as financial loss or human suffering. Hence verification and validation, methods and techniques aimed at ensuring quality, are fundamentally important. This paper surveys the issues, methods and techniques for verifying and validating expert systems. Approaches to defining the quality of a system are discussed, drawing upon work in both computing and the model building disciplines, which leads to definitions of verification and validation and the associated concepts of credibility, assessment and evaluation. An approach to verification based upon the detection of anomalies is presented, and related to the concepts of consistency, completeness, correctness and redundancy. Automated tools for expert system verification are reviewed. Considerable attention is then given to the issues in structuring the validation process, particularly the establishment of the criteria by which the system is judged, the need to maintain objectivity, and the concept of reliability. This is followed by a review of validation methods for validating both the components of a system and the system as a whole, and includes examples of some useful statistical methods. Management of the verification and validation process is then considered, and it is seen that the location of methods for verification and validation in the development life-cycle is of prime importance.     

Real-world effectiveness of Ergonomic methods

The way ahead with the practical development and application of Ergonomic methods is through a better anticipation and appreciation of changes to system effectiveness and human work that will be incurred through the introduction of new technologies to the workplace. These improvements will involve an improved awareness by the system of the working context and environment. The argued future is with improvements in the handling and use of knowledge by systems. The development of suitable Ergonomics methods, or the careful adaptation of existing methods, should accompany any technological revolution. Moreover, future methods are needed that are specifically developed to be applicable to the real time study of work considering both work context and the amalgamation of results from the use of many diverse methods throughout the design and development life cycle of a system. Part of this process will be a necessary complementation of both quantitative and qualitative methods and guidelines. Another focus should be on creating improved Ergonomics participation within multidisciplinary system design and development environments throughout the system's life cycle. Only through this avenue can Ergonomics show a consistent and valued contribution to quality design and its development. In parallel to such a contribution will be an acceptance by other engineering disciplines, managers, and customers that such an application of Ergonomics is cost effective.     

Developing Faculty ICT Competencies Inside and Outside the Library

Despite all the financial resources that are directed to support and acquire learning technologies, the results have been generally disappointing. Faculty are eager to use technology but lack the technical skills, ability, and experience. Library staff includes a talent tool rich in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)/WEB 2.0 technical expertise and experience. In terms of content sourcing and procurement, library technical services and selection staff have broad knowledge of the marketplace for online information and content as well as experience in licensing access. They have a firm grasp of the transaction process, workflows, pricing, and licensing negotiations. Content development and sourcing inevitably involves access management, online storage, copyright, and licensing—things at which libraries are good. ICT deployment is changing teaching and learning on campuses, and the roles of those involved in teaching and learning are also changing. Whether formally through mandated library services, or informally through back channels, library staff are supporting faculty new technology use as well as faculty teaching materials content sourcing and procurement.     

面向集群服务器系统的监控平台综述

为保证云计算、高性能计算集群服务器系统的服务能力,需构建监控平台对各种来源数据的实现统一管理、统计分析和展现。本文面向集群服务器系统监控平台的搭建方式,综述当前各种常见的监控平台架构和组件,分析各类平台在部署、数据规模、统计分析能力以及时效性等方面的不同。分析结果表明,集群服务器系统监控平台搭建方案应根据监控数据规模、时效性要求、查询和统计需求选择方案。