Shrinkage and expansive strain of concrete with fly ash and expansive agent

The effects of fly ash and MgO-type expansive agent on the shrinkage and expansive strain of concrete with high magnesia cement were investigated. The results show that high volumes of fly ash may reduce the shrinkage strain of concrete and inhibit the expansive strain of concrete with MgO-type expansive agent, but can not eliminate the shrinkage of concrete. MgO-type expansive agent may produce expansive strain and compensate the shrinkage strain of concrete, relieve the cracking risk, but the hydration product of magnesia tends to get together in paste and produce expansive cracking of concrete with high magnesia content according to SEM observation. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60672166) and the Bureau of Water Resources & Hydropower Research of China (No. SPKJ006-13-01-01)     

Influence of elevated curing temperature on the properties of cement paste and concrete at the same hydration degree

Three different curing temperatures(20 ℃, 40 ℃, and 60 ℃) were set, so that the nonevaporable water(w_n) contents of plain cement pastes cured at these three temperatures were measured to determine the hydration degree of cement. Tests were carried out to compare the pore structure and strength of cement paste, as well as the strength and permeability of concrete under different temperature curing conditions when their cements were cured to the same hydration degree. The experimental results show that either at a relatively low hydration degree(w_n=15%) or high hydration degree(w_n=16.5%), elevated curing temperature has little influence on the hydration products of cement paste, while it has a negative influence on the pore structure and compressive strength of cement paste. However, this negative effect is weaker at high hydration degree. The large capillary pore(100 nm) volumes of cement pastes remain almost the same at high hydration degree, regardless of curing temperatures. As for the concrete, elevated curing temperature also has negative influence on its compressive strength development, at both low hydration degree and high hydration degree. And this negative effect is stronger than that on cement paste's compressive strength at the same hydration degree. On the whole, elevated curing temperature has little influence on the resistance of concrete to chloride ion penetration.     

The hydration characteristics and expansion machanism of expansive cement at low<Emphasis Type="Italic">W/B</Emphasis> ratio

The hydration characteristics and expansion impetus of three kinds of cement paste under free-and confined-curing conditions were investigated, which were respectively mixed with three different kinds of expansive agent at low W/B ratio. The results show that the hydration products of pure cement paste and paste mixed with expansive agent are same, but the amount of hydration products, un-hydrated C₃S and C₂S are obviously different at the same hydration age. At 3 d age, the amount of CH in pure cement paste is less than that of paste mixed with expansive agent, but it is reverse when at 28 d age. The amount of AFt at 3d and 28d age in pure cement paste is less than those of paste mixed with expansive agent. Regardless of under free- or confined-curing condition, the amount of ettringite produced varies little since 3d age. The joint effect of the tumefaction of gel-ettringite due to water absorption and the expansive pressure on the pore caused by the crystalloid ettringite is the cause of the volume expansion of cement paste, and the former effect is much greater than the latter. LU Lin-nu : Born in 1972 Funded by 973 High-tech Project of China (No. 2001CB610704-2) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No. 2002AB075)     

Effect of curing conditions on the hydration and performance of CFBC ash cementitious system

Circulating fluidized bed combustion （CFBC） ash can be used as supplementary cementitious material for concrete production for its high pozzolanic activity. We investigated the effect of curing conditions on the hydration and performance of CFBC ash-Portland cement system （30： 70, by mass） including hydration products, paste microstructure, linear expansion ratio, chemically combined water content and compressive strength. The results show that tobermorite rather than ettringite is generated under the condition of autoclaved curing. The expansion and mortar strength of the system cured in water is higher than those cured in air at a given age, and the strength and bulk volume may retract under the condition of air curing. In addition, autoclaved curing facilitates the increase of strength gain at early curing ages （the increase rate lowers down in the following ages） and the improvement of system volume stability. It is suggested that sufficient water is necessary for the curing of CFBC ash cementitious system, and autoclaved curing may be considered where volume stability is a primary concern.     

The Hydration Characteristics and Expansion Machanism of Expansive Cement at Low W/B Ratio

1　IntroductionAnexpansiveagentcannotonlymakethestructurehasself waterproofperformance ,butalsoreducetheshrinkageandthecrackingofconcreteeffectively .Soitisextensivelyusedincommonconcrete .However,theappli cationofexpansiveagentinhigh strengthconcreteisnotattractedmuchattention .Itisnotonlybecauseofthebondageoftraditionalviewpointthatitsshrinkagevalueofhigh strengthconcreteismuchgreaterthanthatofcom monconcrete ,butalsothedeficiencyofadequatestudyonthehydrationcharacteristicsandexpansivemechan…     

超缓凝剂对硅酸盐水泥砂浆性能的影响

目的为配制一种新型有机复合超缓凝剂，研究不同掺量及养护条件下其缓凝效果和硬化机理．使之可有效地应用于大体积混凝土及缓黏接预应力混凝土工程中．方法利用XRD和SEM等微观手段，对掺入超缓凝剂水泥砂浆的缓凝性能进行了测试和表征．结果超缓凝剂在不同养护条件下，可使水泥水化“休眠”20～40d，“休眠”结束后能迅速水化而结构不发生变化．XRD图谱表明并未发现异常水化物产生；SEM图像表明，掺超缓凝剂的水泥硬化结构更加致密．结论在标准养护条件下，掺量0．035％的超缓凝剂可使水泥水化“休眠”34d，“休眠”结束后59d可达空白试件28d强度．随养护温度增加和超缓凝剂掺量的降低，水化“休眠”期降低．超缓凝剂并未使水化产物发生本质变化，其耐久性应是可靠的．     

外掺材料对多孔水泥混凝土胶浆强度的影响研究

文章采用超细粉煤灰与硅灰的复合技术配制多孔水泥混凝土水泥浆体试件.通过与双掺硅灰和减水剂、双掺粉煤灰和减水剂以及复合掺粉煤灰、硅灰和减水剂的情况对比,系统研究了硅灰粉煤灰作为外掺挤对多孔水泥混凝土水泥浆体的强度的影响.实验结果表明,由于硅灰与超细粉煤灰的复合,在水泥浆体形成过程中,这2种材料充分发挥了各自的功能效应,使得多孔水泥混凝土水泥浆体的强度性能显著提高.文章通过扫描电镜试验,剖析了超细粉煤灰与硅灰复合效应的机理,论证了用超细粉煤灰和硅灰以及减水剂复合配制多孔水泥混凝土水泥浆体的可行性.     

Adsorption mechanism of polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer in CFBC ash-Portland cement paste

Circulating fluidized bed combustion （CFBC） ash exhibits the desirable pozzolanic activity which makes it a potential supplementary cementitious material to replace cement for concrete production. However, the high unburnt carbon content and porous surface structure of CFBC ash may adsorb water reducer and thereby significantly reduce the efficiency of water-reducing agents. The adsorption mechanism of polycarboxylate superplasticizer in CFBC ash-Portland cement paste was investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the conception of ＂invalid adsorption site＂ of CFBC ash was presented. The results show that the adsorption behavior of polycarboxylate superplasticizer in coal ash-Portland cement paste can be described by Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The adsorption capacity of CFBC ash-Portland cement paste is higher than that of pulverized coal combustion （PCC） fly ash-Portland cement paste. Moreover, the adsorption amount of polycarboxylate superplasticizer increases with the ratio of ash-to-cement in the paste. At last, the fluidity of CFBC ash-Portland cement paste is lower than that of the PCC fly ash paste. This work suggests that when CFBC ash is used as concrete admixture, the poor flowability of the cementitious system due to the high adsorption of water and water-reducing agent should be taken into consideration.     

矿渣粉的活性和流动度研究

对6个细度水平的矿渣粉活性和流动度研究，矿渣粉的抗折活性指数比抗压活性指数高．它在28d内是龄期和细度的单调增函数．矿渣粉的抗压活性指数在7d内是龄期和细度的单调增函数．28d的抗压活性指数采用不同品质的硅酸盐水泥表现存在差异．矿渣粉比表面积在350-650m^2／kg范围内．流动度比都大于110．而矿渣水泥的标准稠度用水量却比硅酸盐水泥高．采用不同细度硅酸盐水泥作为对比样时，矿渣粉流动度比偏差在14％以内．     

The hydration of blended cement at low<Emphasis Type="Italic">W/B</Emphasis> ratio

The hydration process, hydration product and hydration heat of blended cement paste mixed with mineral admixture and expansive agent at low W/B ratio are studied by XRD, thermo analysis, and calorimetry instrument, and they were compared with those of pure cement paste. The results show that pure cement and blended cement at low W/B ratio have the same types of hydration products, but their respective amounts of hydration products of various blended cements at same ages and the variation law of the amount of same hydration products with ages are different; The joint effect of tumefaction of gel-ettringite due to water absorption and the expansive pressure on the pore and rift caused by the crystalloid ettringite is the impetus of the volume expansion of cement paste, and the former effect is much greater than the latter one. HU Shu-guang: Born in 1957 Funded by 973 High-tech Project of China (No. 2001CB610704-2) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No. 2002AB075)     

超高性能轻质混凝土的力学性能及微观结构

超高性能轻质混凝土(ultra-high performance lightweight concrete,UHPLC)是一种由高强水泥浆体、漂珠和纤维组成的密度低于1 950 kg/m~3的新型水泥基结构材料。本文研究了不同养护制度及养护龄期对UHPLC抗压强度、轴拉力学性能和弯曲性能的影响,最后利用扫描电镜观察了UHPLC中漂珠的微观形貌。结果表明:随着龄期增长,UHPLC的抗压强度、轴拉性能和弯曲性能均提高,并出现明显的应变强化现象,说明养护龄期对UHPLC基体强度和纤维-UHPLC基体的界面黏结强度均有显著提高作用;高温蒸汽养护3 d可促进UHPLC基体早期强度发展,使UHPLC的抗压强度和弯曲性能迅速达到标准养护28 d时的水平,显著缩短养护龄期,但对纤维-基体界面黏结强度的贡献不大,黏结强度仍主要受龄期影响;UHPLC实测密度为1 815.2 kg/m~3,100 mm立方体抗压强度达103.1 MPa,极限抗拉强度达7.60 MPa,极限拉应变达0.431%,出现明显的应变强化现象,弯曲峰值强度达22.43 MPa,满足了RPC160的抗折强度要求,实现了水泥基结构材料轻质高强的目标。     

Freeze-thaw bond properties of new-old concrete

Using composite cubic specimens of new-old concrete,the bond splitting tensile strength and failure mechanism for the interface of new-old concrete in saturating state were explored when exposed to freeze-thaw cycling. Specimens were experienced for 0,25,50,75,100 and 125 freezing cycles. The roughness and adhesion agent including cement paste,cement mortar and cement paste with 10 percent of UEA expanding agent were also investigated. The test results indicate that the bond splitting tensile strength decreases with increased numbers of freezing-and-thawing cycles. The roughness and adhesion agent have different effects on the bond strength.     

水在混凝土中的作用及对混凝土性能的影响

水是混凝土组成中必不可少的材料之一,在混凝土中起着重要的作用,例如提供混凝土拌合物浇注时的和易性,是混凝土中水泥水化所必须的成分.水对混凝土的性能起着重要影响.混凝土浇注后表面的泌出水对混凝土性能的影响有利有弊;水灰比决定着混凝土的强度;一些有害离子(如氯离子)是通过水向混凝土中渗入而进入混凝土中并对混凝土的性能产生不良影响,且有可能导致混凝土中的钢筋生锈;饱水混凝土在受冰冻时水结冰对混凝土产生膨胀压,使混凝土产生冻融损害,水的存在使混凝土更容易碳化,也使得混凝土中的碱骨料反应得以持续进行.本文从上述各方面综述了水在混凝土中所起的各种作用及其对混凝土各种性能所产生的影响.     

新型CSA膨胀剂的水泥基材料性能

针对水泥工业排放出的CO₂过量问题,研究了一种采用工业副产品(流化床锅炉灰)为原料的绿色CSA膨胀剂,并对新型CSA膨胀剂的基本性能和力学性能进行了研究.根据XRD衍射图谱进行分析,探讨了新型膨胀剂的作用机理.结果表明:随着流化床锅炉灰煅烧温度的升高,CSA膨胀剂转换率也升高;水化温度与CSA膨胀剂的掺入量成正比;在干燥收缩试验中,CSA膨胀剂砂浆试件在标准养护35 d后,长度的膨胀效果可达到700×10^-6 m;CSA膨胀剂的掺入量越高,砂浆试件的抗压强度越大.     

Effect of lightweight aggregate pre-wetting on microstructure and permeability of mixed aggregate concrete

The influence of lightweight aggregate (LWA) pre-wetting on the chemical bound water and pore structure of the paste around aggregate as well as concrete permeability were investigated. The results show that, in early age the dry LWA has significant effect on the formation of dense paste around it and improving the concrete impermeability. However the prewetted LWA has strong water-releasing effect in later age, which increases the hydration degree of the paste around it, and makes the adjacent paste develop a structure with low porosity and finer aperture, furthermore the concrete impermeability can be improved. It is suggested that, as for concrete with low durability requirement, the LWA without pre-wetting treatment can be used as long as meet the workability requirement of fresh concrete, the good impermeability of concrete can be gained as well. As for concrete with high durability requirement, the prewetted LWA should be used, and the pre-wetting time should be extended as long as possible, in order to optimize the concrete structure in long term, and improve the concrete durability.     

煅烧温度对新型生态膨胀剂膨胀性能的影响

以菱镁矿和白云石尾矿为原料,通过调整煅烧温度制备了新型生态膨胀剂,用以补偿大体积混凝土由于温度应力引起的收缩。通过差热-热重、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和液相电导率法等手段对不同温度煅烧所得的产物进行表征分析,并研究它在水泥浆体中的膨胀性能。结果表明：随着煅烧温度的升高颗粒尺寸变大,晶体趋于完整,结构越来越致密,活性越来越差。水化早期,膨胀率随着煅烧温度的升高而减小;水化后期,膨胀率随着煅烧温度的升高而增大。掺量增大,膨胀率越大。提高养护温度,膨胀率增加比较明显,膨胀加速期缩短,膨胀稳定所需时间减少。     

The Hydration of Blended Cement at Low W/B Ratio

1　IntroductionThehydrationandhardeningprocessesofordinarycementhavebeenstudiedintensively[1-3 ] .Partlyreplac ingcementwithflyash ,slag ,orotheractivemineralad mixturecannotonlymodifythecementstrengthgrade ,re ducethehydrationheatofcement ,butalsomelioratethestructureofhardencementpaste[4] .Applyingexpansiveagentinordinaryconcretecancombinethebearingandwaterprooffunctionsofabuilding ,anditcanalsoreducetheshrinkageandpreventthecrackingofconcrete[5,6] .However ,thehydrationprocessofcementmixedw…     

无机预处理再生粗骨料的性能研究

目的利用无机预处理法处理村镇建筑垃圾,使处理后的建筑垃圾能作为再生粗骨料应用到混凝土中．方法用水泥净浆和水泥砂浆对再生粗骨料进行表面预处理,测试其压碎指标和吸水率,通过正交试验分析选出最优方案．结果预处理后再生粗骨料的压碎指标和吸水率比未经处理的小,当砂浆配比为1：2：2时,压碎指标为16．2％,吸水率为4．57％．通过扫描电镜观察再生粗骨料的界面过渡区,发现涂浆层不与骨料本身反应．结论通过正交试验分析,水泥砂浆预处理方法要优于水泥净浆预处理法,水泥净浆预处理的最佳组成为：水灰比0．45,涂浆量为35％,早强剂掺量为2％;水泥砂浆预处理的最佳组成为：砂浆配比1：2：2,涂浆量为35％,早强剂掺量为2％．     

水泥固化土应力应变关系特性研究

对水泥固化风沙土进行三轴试验,分析水泥固化土的应力应变关系特性和固化机理.研究表明,应力-应变εa/（σ1-σ3）～εa关系,在不同水泥固化剂掺量情况下,3种围压均表现出很好的线性关系.水泥固化剂掺量相同的情况下,随着围压的增加斜率减小.水泥固化土应力应变关系曲线为双曲线形式,并且符合土的非线性弹性模型中的邓肯一张模型,选取邓肯一张模型作为水泥固化土的本构模型,其中切线模量Et的确定是通过对应力应变关系来确定其破坏比Rf、初始切线模量E、试验中的终值强度（σ1-σ3）f3个参数来完成.水泥固化剂掺入风沙土,使得土中形成坚固的核心,在所有的空隙中形成水化水泥的致密空间网络骨架结构,使得水泥固化土具有较好的整体强度和水稳定性.     

Strength of copolymer grouting material based on orthogonal experiment

Using the orthogonal experimental design method involving three factors and three levels, the flexural strength and the compressive strength of copolymer grouting material were studied with different compositions of water-cement ratio (mass fraction of water to cement), epoxy resin content, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content. By orthogonal range and variance analysis, the orders of three factors to influence the strength, the significance levels of different factors, and the optimized compound ratio scheme of copolymer grouting material mixture at different curing ages were determined. An empirical relationship among the strength of copolymer grouting material, the water-cement ratio, the epoxy resin content, and the waterborne epoxy curing agent content was established by multivariate regression analysis. The results indicate that water-cement ratio is the most principal and significant influencing factor on the strength. Epoxy resin content and waterborne epoxy curing agent content also have a significant influence on the strength. But epoxy resin content has a greater influence on the 7-day and 28-day flexural strength, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content has a greater influence on the 3-day flexural strength and the compressive strength. The copolymer grouting material with water-cement ratio of 0.4, epoxy resin content of 8% (mass fraction) and waterborne epoxy curing agent content of 2% (mass fraction) is the best one for repairing of cement concrete pavement. The flexural strength and the compressive strength have good correlation, and the ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength is between 1.0 and 3.3. Foundation item: Projects(40728003, 40772180, 40802064) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (07JJ4012) supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(20080430680) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Project(B308) supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project