水热耦合厌氧消化技术处理餐厨垃圾沼渣沼液及工艺能耗分析

以水热与厌氧消化耦合工艺作为餐厨垃圾沼渣沼液（digestate of food waste,DFW）的处理过程,探究了DFW处理前后的脱水性能及固、液两相产物的特性,分析了工艺过程中的物质流动、能量输入/输出,并评估了能量平衡的影响因素。结果表明,水热处理改善了DFW脱水性能,降低了脱水后的泥饼产量和含水率。温度是影响水热处理效果的主要因素,处理效果随温度的升高明显提升。当水热温度为200℃时,离心后泥饼的产量和含水率降低最为显著,分别从最初的71.83kg/t DFW和88.43%减小至22.11kg/t DFW和76.30%。此外,水热过程促进了DFW有机物质从固相向液相的转移,通过耦合厌氧消化处理工艺生产甲烷,可以有效地回收液相能量。本研究对整个处理工艺进行了全面的物质和能量衡算。水热处理温度的提高增加了加热能量的输入,但减少了后续热干化过程的能量输入,并增加了DFW液相产物的产甲烷潜力。当水热温度为160℃、保温时间为60min时,水热与厌氧消化耦合工艺净能量输入最少（30.75MJ/t DFW）,相比于不采用水热技术处理节省106.48MJ/t DFW。水热过程热能的回收率、脱水后泥饼的含水率、液相产物的产甲烷潜势是影响工艺过程能量净消耗的主要因素,是工艺优化的主要方向。     

餐厨厌氧沼渣生物炭吸附盐酸环丙沙星

将餐厨厌氧沼渣在5种温度（400℃、500℃、600℃、700℃和800℃）下热解制备生物炭,解析其形貌特征、孔隙结构以及表面官能团等变化规律,探究其对水溶液中的盐酸环丙沙星（CIP）吸附效果,并通过吸附动力学和等温吸附特性探究其吸附机制。结果表明,在700℃下热解制备的生物炭（DR-700）疏松多孔,表面官能团丰富且具有更好的孔隙结构和微观结构,在所有生物炭中对于CIP的吸附效果最好。吸附去除率可达95.09%,可用作良好的吸附材料。DR-700对于CIP的吸附更符合伪一阶动力学和Freundlich等温线模型,表明物理吸附可能是CIP在DR-700吸附的主要机制,主要归功于丰富的比表面积。而同时存在的化学吸附则可能是由于阳离子交换相互作用、静电相互作用、π-π相互作用、疏水和氢键共同作用。因此,利用餐厨厌氧沼渣热解制备生物炭对水溶液中的CIP具有良好的吸附净化效果,这不但可以为抗生素废水低成本处理提供新的材料,还为解决餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵末端产物的资源化利用问题提供一种新方案,具有良好的应用潜力。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化技术研究进展

综合评述了厌氧消化技术研究进展。从脂肪及离子含量、温度、固含率及稀释率、接种物和接种量等方面对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化技术进行了介绍。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化处理技术研究进展

针对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化过程中挥发性脂肪酸和氨氮内源性抑制问题,从改进反应器、共消化、添加生物炭、添加微量元素以及生物强化5个方面分析了减缓内源性抑制的优势和不足,并从反应器设备改进和机理研究2方面对减缓内源性抑制进行了展望。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化工艺的研究与应用

厌氧消化可实现资源和能源的回收利用,是一项符合可持续发展战略的餐厨垃圾处理技术。文章简单介绍了餐厨垃圾厌氧消化原理、分类、影响因素及其工业应用等方面的国内外进展,并对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的规模化应用方向进行展望。     

东莞市餐厨垃圾产生现状与处理对策探讨

本文阐述了东莞市餐厨垃圾处理的现状,指出了对餐厨垃圾处理的重要性;比较了现有的5种处理餐厨垃圾的方法。     

餐厨垃圾中温干法厌氧消化快速启动实验

本文通过实验方式对餐厨垃圾中温干法厌氧消化过程中应用高含固率消化液作为接种物进行快速启动的可行性进行研究,对实验材料与方法以及快速启动试验结果进行综合分析,结果显示在有机负荷一致的情况下,引入高含固率接种反应器整套系统呈现出了包括无停滞期、恢复期端、微生物活性高等一系列性能优势,对餐厨垃圾处理表现出了更为良好的应用优势...     

餐厨垃圾湿式厌氧消化技术的研究及工程实例分析

随着经济的发展与人民生活水平的提高,我国餐厨垃圾的产量与日俱增,资源化处置方式越来越受到政府与社会各界的重视。目前我国以湿式厌氧消化工艺为主的餐厨垃圾资源化处置设施正在大力建设当中。首先对3种不同湿式厌氧工艺反应器的构成、适用范围、优缺点等方面进行了研究探讨。其次分析了上海生物能源再利用中心项目成功的工程应用实例。最后对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化工艺的选择提出了合理化建议,以期为后续餐厨垃圾处理项目的建设提供参考。     

Application of A/O‐MBR for treatment of digestate from anaerobic digestion of cow manure

BACKGROUND: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely used as an animal manure bioconversion technology. However, the effluent obtained from the digester during the wet‐AD process requires to be treated carefully before discharge if AD technology is to be developed as an effective and environmentally advantageous animal manure treatment. RESULTS: An anoxic/aerobic‐membrane bioreactor(A/O‐MBR) system has been developed for digestate treatment in an AD system treating cow manure. The performance of the A/O‐MBR system in terms of removal of nitrogen, COD and phosphorus were investigated. Results indicated that the average removal efficiencies of NH₄‐N⁺, COD and PO₄^3?‐P were 98.1%, 96.3% and 76.6%, respectively. The fouled membrane from the A/O‐MBR system was cleaned effectively using NaOH and a 30h soak time. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that it is technically feasible to use the A/O‐MBR for the treatment of digestate from a cow manure AD system, and can provide an environmentally acceptable way for the application of wet‐AD in animal manure treatment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Osmoprotectants enhance methane production from the anaerobic digestion of food wastes containing a high content of salt

BACKGROUND: Treatment and disposal of Korean food waste encounter technical difficulties due to a high‐salt problem. In order to increase methane production from food waste by using osmoprotectants, which are known to overcome osmotic stresses in many plants and other organisms, osmoprotectants including glycine betaine, choline, carnitine and trehalose were added to salt‐containing food wastes for anaerobic digestion. RESULTS: For NaCl‐amended food wastes containing 10 and 35 g L^?1 NaCl, glycine betaine and choline increased methane production by about twofold compared to food waste without any osmoprotectants. For non‐washed food waste containing 11.6 g L^?1 NaCl, glycine betaine increased methane production by about sixfold. Among these osmoprotectants, glycine betaine was the most effective for increasing methane productivity in anaerobic digestion of food waste with salinity. Analysis of glycine betaine in cell extracts using high‐performance liquid chromatography showed that glycine betaine accumulated in the cells of anaerobic sludge. CONCLUSION: Osmoprotectants significantly enhanced methanization of high‐salt food wastes by alleviating the salt‐induced physiological stresses in microorganisms. The application of osmoprotectants provided an effective substitute for other conventional methods to reduce inhibitory effects of high salt, such as dilution and co‐digestion. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Anaerobic co‐digestion of food waste leachate and piggery wastewater for methane production: statistical optimization of key process parameters

BACKGROUND: Anaerobic co‐digestion of refractory liquid organic wastes is an alternative environmental management strategy with economic benefits arising out of biogas production. Laboratory‐scale experimental investigations were carried out on the anaerobic co‐digestion of two liquid organic wastes, food waste leachate (FWL) and piggery wastewater (PWW). Three important parameters affecting methane yield were chosen for this study, namely, mixing ratio, alkalinity and salinity, which were optimized using response surface methodology. RESULTS: The results were analyzed statistically and the optimum conditions identified as: mixing ratio (FWL: PWW) 33 (in terms of volatile solid, w/w) (2 on v/v), alkalinity 2850 mg CaCO₃ L^?1, and salinity 3.4 g NaCl L^?1. Under the optimum conditions, a cumulative methane yield (CMY) of 310 mL CH₄ g^?1 VS_added and VS reduction (VSR) of 54% were predicted. Mixing ratio and alkalinity showed the greatest individual and interactive effects on CMY and VSR (P < 0.05). A confirmation experiment under optimum conditions showed a CMY and VSR of 323 mL CH₄ g^?1 VS_added and 50%, respectively. This was only 1.04% and 1.1%, respectively, different from the predicted values. CONCLUSION: Anaerobic co‐digestion of FWL and PWW carried out under the optimum condition may be a feasible and efficient treatment option for methane production. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

餐厨垃圾资源化利用及其过程污染控制研究进展

餐厨垃圾年产生量大、成分复杂,传统的焚烧、填埋处理方式易引发一系列环境问题,同时,餐厨垃圾又具有有机质含量高、营养元素丰富的特点,其资源化利用可实现价值再生,符合可持续发展的要求,因而成为国内外学者的研究热点。本文从产品利用方向的角度综述了几类餐厨垃圾资源化利用技术的研究进展,包括能源化利用方向的餐厨垃圾制生物柴油、甲烷、氢、燃料乙醇技术,农业化利用方向的餐厨垃圾制动物饲料、有机肥料技术,工业化利用方向的餐厨垃圾制还原糖、炭材料、乳酸技术;介绍了餐厨垃圾资源化过程中产生的恶臭气体、废水污染问题以及污染控制相关研究进展。最后指出,对微生物厌氧反应机制的深入研究有利于实现相关技术在工业生产规模的优化,厨垃圾资源化工艺过程的污染控制需要进一步得到关注。     

Biogas by two-stage microbial anaerobic and semi-continuous digestion of Chinese cabbage waste

Anaerobic digestion of Chinese cabbage waste was investigated through a pilot-scale two-stage digester at a mesophilic temperature of 37 °C. In the acidification digester, the main product was acetic acid, with the maxi-mum concentration of 4289 mg·L-1 on the fourth day, accounting for 50.32%of total volatile fatty acids. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and NH4+-N level decreased gradual y with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of acidification. In the second digestion phase, the maximum methanogenic bacterial concentration reached 9.6 × 1010 ml-1 at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.5–4 kg VS·m-3, with corresponding HRT of 12–16 days. Accordingly, the optimal biogas production was 0.62 m3·(kg VS)-1, with methane content of 65%–68%. ORP and NH4+-N levels in the methanizer remained between-500 and-560 mV and 2000–4500 mg·L-1, respec-tively. Methanococcus and Methanosarcina served as the main methanogens in the anaerobic digester.     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of glucoamylase inhibition by lactate during fermentable sugar production from food waste

BACKGROUND: Glucoamylase hydrolysis is a key step in the bioconversion of food waste with complicated composition. This work investigated the effect of lactate on glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger UV‐60, and inhibition mechanisms of glucoamylase by lactate during food waste hydrolysis. RESULTS: For 125 min hydrolysis of food waste (10%, dry basis), reducing sugars produced in the absence of lactate were 15%, 26% and 56% more than those produced in the presence of 24 g L^?1 lactate at 60, 50 and 40 °C, respectively. Kinetic study showed that the type of glucoamylase inhibition by lactate was competitive, and K_m (Michaelis‐Menten constent), V_max (maximum initial velocity), K_I (inhibition constant) were 103.2 g L^?1, 5.0 g L^?1 min^?1, 100.6 g L^?1, respectively, for food waste hydrolysis at 60 °C and pH 4.6. Lactate also accelerated glucoamylase denaturation significantly. Activation energy of denaturation without inhibitor was 61% greater than that of denaturation with inhibitor (24 g L^?1 lactate). Half‐lives (t_1/2) without inhibitor were 7.6, 2.7, 2.6, 1.7 and 1.2 times longer than those with inhibitor at temperature 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 °C, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results are helpful to process optimization of saccharification and bioconversion of food waste. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

餐厨垃圾酸性发酵及其产物的脱氮特性研究

利用餐厨垃圾为基质进行酸性发酵并利用其发酵产物作为反硝化碳源,结果发现餐厨垃圾酸性发酵过程中具有明显的阶段性。利用不同阶段的发酵液作为反硝化碳源,得出以乳酸为主的发酵液与乙酸钠相似,具有良好的反硝化能力和较快的反硝化速率的结论。而以VFAs为主的发酵液能够彻底实现反硝化,但容易导致NO2--N积累。     

Modelling a sequencing batch reactor to treat the supernatant from anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

In this study, a lab‐scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) has been tested to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH₄⁺‐N from the supernatant of anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. This supernatant was characterized by a high ammonium concentration (1.1 g NH₄⁺‐N L^?1) and an important content of slowly biodegradable and/or recalcitrant COD (4.8 g total COD L^?1). Optimum SBR operating sequence was reached when working with 3 cycles per day, 30 °C, SRT 12 days and HRT 3 days. During the time sequence, two aerobic/anoxic steps were performed to avoid alkalinity restrictions. Oxygen supply and working pH range were controlled to promote the nitrification over nitrite. Under steady state conditions, COD and nitrogen removal efficiencies of more than 65% and 98%, respectively, were achieved. A closed intermittent‐flow respirometer was used to characterize and model the SBR performance. The activated sludge model ASM1 was modified to describe the biological nitrogen removal over nitrite, including the inhibition of nitrification by unionized ammonia and nitrous acid concentrations, the pH dependency of both autotrophic and heterotrophic biomass, pH calculation and the oxygen supply and stripping of CO₂ and NH₃. Once calibrated by respirometry, the proposed model showed very good agreement between experimental and simulated data. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

果蔬垃圾及餐厨浆液水解酸化处理试验研究

针对果蔬垃圾、餐厨浆液水解酸化反应进行研究,考察了人工接种厌氧沼液水解酸化阶段中,水果垃圾、蔬菜垃圾、果蔬混合垃圾以及餐厨浆液在不同工况下pH值、NH3-N、TN、COD、BOD5和VFA等指标的变化,探究水解酸化液作为水处理反硝化外加碳源的可行性.结果 表明:缺氧状态下,pH值、温度、机械搅拌转速分别控制在6.8～7...