“葡萄膨大剂”在无核白葡萄上的应用

四川省农科院植物生长调节剂研究中心生产的“葡萄膨大剂”在吐鲁番地区的主栽品种无核白上使用，有明显的促进果实膨大作用。通过实验表明，花后１５天喷施１０ＰＰｍ的“葡萄膨大剂”，对果实的膨大效果最好，穗形整齐，不易落粒。但含糖量比喷ＧＡ３的下降２．３％，采收期延迟１周左右，制干质量有所下降。     

1-MCP处理对葡萄保鲜的影响

以"无核寒香蜜"葡萄为试材,用1μL/L 1-MCP分别对采前和采后葡萄进行处理,研究1-MCP处理对冷藏期间葡萄生理指标和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,1-MCP均不同程度地降低了葡萄落粒率、失重率和腐烂率,抑制了MDA含量、呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率的上升,保持较好的TSS、TA、CAT活性,延缓了葡萄PPO和LOX的活性升高。比较1-MCP采前和采后处理葡萄,采后处理葡萄效果好,能够显著抑制葡萄的氧化衰老,保持较好的贮藏品质。     

赤霉素应用对无核白葡萄品质的影响和果实中的残留

本试验通过多梯度赤霉素处理无核白葡萄,使用高效液相色谱法检测赤霉素残留,以无核白葡萄粒质量、穗质量、可溶性固形物含量、产量等为品质关键指标,以使用赤霉素后残留量为安全指标,研究了赤霉素应用对无核白葡萄品质和残留的影响。由试验结果可知,赤霉素处理150 mg/kg能使无核白葡萄粒质量达3.72 g,穗质量达402 g,可溶性固形物达20%,产量达2211 kg/667m2,鲜食品质达到了一等品的要求,经高效液相色谱法检测无残留。     

保鲜剂不同组合对袋内SO2积累及葡萄保鲜质量的影响

采用不同剂型及包装形式、不同扎眼工艺、放置高分子吸水纸垫及其组合,形成6 种保鲜处理方式,在－1～0 ℃条件下对无核白葡萄进行贮藏,研究贮藏期间不同保鲜剂组合对袋内SO2积累量及无核白葡萄保鲜品质的影响,比较不同剂型保鲜剂及其组合对果肉SO2残留量、果柄耐拉力、果实汁液pH值、可溶性固形物含量以及果实腐烂率、漂白率、落粒率的影响。结果表明：3.5 kg包装的无核白葡萄,放入CT2号保鲜剂5 小包＋免扎眼保鲜剂1 小包效果最好,在贮藏50 d后,果柄耐拉力为2.44 N,果实汁液pH值为3.43,可溶性固形物含量为17.16%,在贮藏105 d后,果肉SO2残留量为10.21 mg/kg,残留量明显低于其他处理,且腐烂率、漂白率、落粒率均较低。     

1-MCP采前处理对葡萄采后相关酶活性与品质的影响

以不同剂量（1、2、3 μL/L）1-甲基环丙烯（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）处理无核寒香蜜葡萄,研究1-MCP采前处理对冷藏期间葡萄贮藏品质和生理指标的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,3 个1-MCP剂量采前处理均在不同程度上抑制了葡萄质量损失率、落粒率和腐烂率的上升,保持较好的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量,降低了果实的呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率,抑制了丙二醛含量和脂氧合酶活性的增加,贮藏后期维持较高的过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性和较低的多酚氧化酶活性。3 个1-MCP剂量处理中,采前1 μL/L 1-MCP处理葡萄保鲜效果最好,能够显著延缓葡萄的衰老进程,保持较高的贮藏品质。     

硫化氢(H_2S)熏蒸对葡萄损伤接种黑曲霉的抑制及其采后品质的影响

为了探讨气体信号分子硫化氢(H_2S)间歇熏蒸处理对葡萄采后病害的控制及贮藏品质的影响,本文以新疆无核白葡萄为试材,采用500μL/L H_2S气体对葡萄果实进行间歇熏蒸,分析研究H_2S处理对果实病情指数、病斑直径、果实主要贮藏品质和相关防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:H_2S熏蒸可显著降低损伤接种果实的病情指数,抑制病斑直径的扩大;降低了失重率、落粒率、腐烂率;延缓果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和抗坏血酸含量的下降,降低了叶绿素的分解速率,维持了其含量。同时,H_2S熏蒸处理能诱导果实体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶等防御酶活性的增强。说明H_2S气体熏蒸方式在延缓葡萄果实采后衰老、腐烂和软化,果实的采后抗病性和贮藏品质方面具有一定的应用前景。     

膨大剂处理对无核白鸡心和无核早红生长结果的影响

采用不同浓度的6种药剂对无核白鸡心和无核早红进行膨大化处理.结果表明:花后15d用100～200mg/L对氟苯乙酸处理无核白鸡心,用150mg/L 6-BA处理无核早红均能明显提高坐果率,增加穗重和单粒重.各处理能有效提高葡萄可溶性固形物含量,使葡萄果形指数增大,果实呈椭圆或长圆形.     

SO2对红地球葡萄的伤害及调控技术

本试验在１９９８－１９９９两年度进行,利用单一不同剂量的ＳＯ２、Ｓ昨配保鲜剂作为采前处理：１％的硝酸钙,不同浓度的果蔬液体保鲜剂、２倍的果亮、０．１％的壳聚糖对采收前的红地球葡萄喷布,干后采收贮藏作为采后处理,研究了不同处理对红地球葡萄漂白率及防腐保镁效果的影响。结果表明,红地球葡萄果皮对ＳＯ２最敏感,复配保镁剂通过减少ＳＯ２的使用剂降低果粒的漂白率：采前液体保鲜剂Ⅱ、果亮、壳聚糖则通过在葡萄表面     

滴灌条件下不同灌水量对无核白鸡心葡萄果实的生长发育及品质的影响

为了研究在滴灌条件下不同土壤水分下限对无核白鸡心葡萄果实品质的影响,以3组土壤水分下限为处理,大水漫灌为对照,在生育期对无核白鸡心葡萄果实纵横径、采前果穗的生长发育情况及果实糖度进行测定.总结出节水灌溉可以提高葡萄果实的整齐度,且果实糖度比对照增加约3个百分点,明显提高了果实的品质.     

赤霞素对汤姆逊无核葡萄成熟和落粒的影响

汤姆逊无核葡萄在采收期及采收后的落粒现象是尽人皆知的,这引起市场经营困难并显著降低种植的收入。落粒的原因是想增加浆果重量而使用赤霉素(GA_3)造成的。其中一个主要因素是赤霉素的后期使用与葡萄发育的生理阶段有关。总的用量或多次使用的浓度对落粒率影响其小。相同的一点是延迟成熟。4—CPA 的应用进一步延迟成熟但可显著降低落粒。关键词:落粒、果实成熟、GA_3、汤姆逊无核。1957年,wewer 介绍在无核葡萄上使用 GA_3,自此在美国发表了许多与此有关的文章。在本文里试图苗述汤姆逊无核在以色列的管理经验,并进行一些新的研究。汤姆逊无核以其丰产性和良好的市场价格而受种植者的欢迎,但如果没有 GA_3 处理,则不被认为是一个好的栽培品种。应用 GA_3处理可使自然重为2克的葡萄增大一倍(超过4克)。由于对 GA_3的应用量没有限制使种植者常常过度使用,以求获得所需要的大粒葡萄。但 GA_3的使用能引起采收期、包装和消费阶段的严重落果。这些影响虽早已知道,但要想找到准确的使用浓度,应用次数和应用日期是很困难的。在这篇文章里,对于增大浆果重和减少落果试图确定合适的浓度效应、使用次数和应用日期。另外,也进行了其他一些生长调节剂对浆果重、成熟期和落果影响的研究。     

奉节脐橙果皮褐变的调控技术研究

以奉园72-1 脐橙为材料,研究了田间喷钙、套袋处理、延迟采收、打蜡等对果实常温贮藏期间果皮褐变率和果实品质的影响。结果表明,田间喷钙结合套袋处理可显著降低果实贮藏期间的果皮褐变率(p<0.01),钙处理还显著提高了果面的红色,改善果实商品性;而延迟采收和打蜡均极显著地增加果皮褐变率(p<0.01);说明果树缺钙、涂蜡和不适采收期都是引发脐橙果皮褐变的重要因素。     

Influences of preharvest spraying Cryptococcus laurentii combined with postharvest chitosan coating on postharvest diseases and quality of table grapes in storage

The effects of preharvest spray with Cryptococcus laurentii combined with chitosan coating after harvest on decay and quality of table grapes during storage periods were evaluated in the present study. Preharvest spray with C. laurentii (PreA) significantly decreased decay index (DI), and postharvest chitosan coating (PCC) enhanced the effectiveness of the pre-harvest spray when fruits were stored at 0 °C. PreA combination with PCC increased the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) of fruit in storage. PreA + PCC treatment was effective in reducing weight loss of fruits by 85% at 17 d storage and 38% at 42 d storage as compared to PreA alone at the same stage. In addition, PreA enhanced the ratio of soluble solids content (SSC) to titratable acid (TA) by 12% at harvest time, 7% at 17 d storage and 25% at 42 d storage, mainly by increasing SSC and decreasing TA in fruit stored at 0 °C. These results suggested that integration of preharvest spray with C. laurentii and postharvest chitosan coating treatment may be a promising management strategy for decay control and quality maintenance of table grapes.     

采前喷钙对贮藏期欧李果实腐烂率及糖酸含量的影响

研究采前一周喷施不同质量分数Ca(NO3)2溶液（1.0%、1.5%、2.0%）对贮藏期‘京欧1号’品种欧李果实腐烂率、糖酸含量及糖酸比值动态变化的影响。结果表明,采前喷钙降低了贮藏期欧李果实的腐烂率,增加了不同种类糖酸含量,特别是在贮藏45 d时,喷施1.5% Ca(NO3)2处理果实腐烂率为8.4%,并且果实中的蔗糖、葡萄糖、山梨糖醇、苹果酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸和草酸含量以及糖酸比显著高于对照及其他喷钙处理。采前喷钙处理利于欧李果实的贮藏,以采前一周喷施1.5% Ca(NO3)2处理效果最好。     

山东酿酒葡萄发展技术层面需要实现两个突破

葡萄酒产业发展的基础是葡萄基地建设,而葡萄基地建设的技术前提是对园区风土条件与具体葡萄品种生物特性的了解、掌握。具体地区的风土条件包括：地形、地貌、地质、土壤、光照、气温、降雨等,是葡萄生产的环境要素。     

采前水杨酸结合采后1-MCP处理对李果实贮藏期品质及抗氧化能力的影响

探究采前水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)结合采后1-MCP(1-methylcyclopropene)处理对李子采后保鲜效果的影响.以李子为试材,研究采前SA(1.0 mmol/L)结合采后1-MCP处理(1μL/L)对李子贮藏期间腐烂率、失重率、硬度、丙二醛、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC含量、H2O2含量...     

Physiological responses and quality attributes of table grape fruit to chitosan preharvest spray and postharvest coating during storage

The effects of preharvest chitosan spray (PCS) or/and postharvest chitosan coating (PCC) treatments on the quality and physiological response of table grape fruit stored at 20 or 0 °C was evaluated, respectively. PCS/PCC treatment showed the best control effect on decay. PCC or PCS/PCC treatment significantly decreased the weight loss of fruit stored at 20 °C. Additionally, all chitosan treatments inhibited the increase in rate of soluble solid content to titratable acid in fruit, stored at 20 °C, while enhancing the rate at 0 °C and affecting the content of total phenolic compounds in the fruit. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase decreased in all chitosan treatments and PCS or/and PCC treatments also changed the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. The results indicated the beneficial effect of chitosan by preharvest spray and/or postharvest coating on fruit quality and resistance to fruit decay.     

Broccoli Storage: Effect of N6-benzyladenine, Packaging, and Icing on Color of Fresh Broccoli

Broccoli plants and heads were treated with N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) as either a preharvest spray (25 or 50 ppm) or a postharvest dip (25 or 50 ppm) with 0.1% Tween 20. BA-treated and untreated samples were stored at 0–l°C for 10 wk using one of three storage methods - control, icing, or packaging. Subjective color evaluation was the most sensitive measure of color changes during storage. Chlorophyll concentration was a better objective measurement of color changes than instrumental color values. Acceptable broccoli color was noted in iced and packaged samples at 10 wk of storage. Preharvest treatment with BA (25 ppm) resulted in the best color retention in iced and packed samples. Use of a yellowing-resistant variety and storage treatments (icing and packaging) were the most important factors in improved shelf-life.     

采前3 种杀菌剂喷施对樱桃番茄采后品质的影响及啶菌噁唑残留检测

以金珠樱桃番茄为试材,研究采前杀菌剂喷施对采后樱桃番茄发病率、质量损失率和食用品质的影响,并测定樱桃番茄果实中啶菌噁唑残留变化。结果表明：采前喷施杀菌剂显著降低了金珠樱桃番茄采后发病率,提高了樱桃番茄果实中VC和可溶性固形物含量,减缓了VC和可溶性固形物含量贮藏期间的损失;但对质量损失率和可滴定酸含量的影响不显著（P＜0.05）。对樱桃番茄采后贮藏保鲜效果最好的杀菌剂为啶菌噁唑,喷施质量浓度为0.4 g/L。采前喷施啶菌噁唑后,樱桃番茄中啶菌噁唑残留在采前和采后均呈下降趋势;且采后樱桃番茄中啶菌噁唑残留下降的速度比采前下降的慢,贮藏温度越低,下降越慢。     

Long-term storage of onion and the factors that affect its quality: A critical review

Storage of onions is a multifaceted issue, which involves many preharvest and postharvest factors. One of the major factors that affect onion storage is the selection of the proper cultivar, since there are significant differences in storability between the cultivars and not all of them are suitable for storage. Proper preharvest and postharvest conditions are essential for storability of onion bulbs, whereas they also affect marketability (weight losses, texture and color depth of bulbs) and quality (chemical composition, nutritional value, antioxidant activity). Irrigation and fertilization are essential preharvest factors that substantially affect storability, whereas curing methods and storage conditions (temperature, relative humidity, controlled atmospheres) and processing treatments are postharvest factors. This review article examines the effect of long-term storage on the main quality features of onions, such as the incidence of sprouting and root growth, water losses, and changes in chemical composition (mineral composition, sugar content, nutritional value) and antioxidant activity (phenolic and flavonoid contents, DPPH [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl] scavenging activity).     

红地球葡萄花序拉长剂应用研究

利用改良型葡萄花序拉长剂稀释液单纯浸沾花序和全株喷施，两种方法均能有效的拉长花序，降低坐果率，从而使葡萄果穗较为疏散，果粒充分发育。花序拉长剂使用必需与综合栽培管理技术结合才能形成最佳的效果。