冷冻抽提相分离法制备聚乳酸多孔支架

为了制备结构和性能满足骨组织工程支架要求的聚乳酸(PLA)多孔支架材料,采用冷冻抽提相分离法,以1,4-二氧六环和水为混合溶剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为致孔剂,制得一系列PLA多孔支架,探讨了溶剂组成、PLA浓度、PEG添加量对PLA多孔支架结构和性能的影响,结果表明添加PEG有利于形成多孔三维支架,随着PEG含量的增加,...     

壳聚糖/聚己内酯-聚乳酸多孔支架制备和表征

为调控骨组织工程支架的力学性能和降解性能,采用相分离方法,以冰醋酸-水为共溶剂配制聚合物溶液,以NaOH溶液为凝固剂,以CS为添加剂制备壳聚糖(CS)/聚己内酯(PCL)-聚乳酸(PLA)三维多孔支架,研究了聚合物质量比对支架结构、形貌、孔隙率、力学性能和降解性能的影响。实验结果表明,CS和基体存在相互作用,CS有利于形成三维相互贯通的微孔结构,但CS的存在会使基体中各组分的熔点降低。随着PCL和PLA用量比例的改变,孔径范围和微孔形貌发生了一系列的变化。当PCL∶PLA为2∶4和3∶3时,所制备的支架孔隙率均大于90%,当进一步增大PCL质量比时,孔隙率迅速下降。抗压测试表明,所制备的支架弹性模量为0.8～8.0 MPa。降解性能分析表明,4周以后,当PCL∶PLA为3∶3时,质量损失率最大,达到5.94%。该分析表明采用相分离法,通过调节PCL和PLA的质量比可制备形貌、孔隙率、降解速率和力学性能满足要求的三维多孔支架材料,有望应用在软骨组织工程上。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚合物多孔复合支架材料

为提高骨组织工程支架材料的力学性能,改善其生物活性,综合天然与合成高分子的优点,采用溶液共混相分离法制备出聚己内酯(PCL)-壳聚糖(CS)多孔支架材料, 并进一步采用离心注浆法填充具有生物活性的纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)-聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合浆料, 制备了n-HA-PVA/PCL-CS复合多孔支架材料, 改善了PCL-CS支架材料力学性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、元素分析、孔隙率和抗压强度试验对材料进行了表征。结果表明, PCL-CS支架材料的内部具有蜂窝状的相互贯通的孔隙结构,孔隙率可以达到60%～80%。CS含量越大,孔隙率越大,而抗压强度越小。填充后的n-HA-PVA/PCL-CS复合多孔支架材料,孔隙率有所下降,但仍大于60%,而其弹性模量可提高至25.71 MPa。      

纳米羟基磷灰石／聚己内酯-壳聚糖复合多孔支架材料的制备与表征

结合纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)和聚合物的优点,采用溶液共混相分离制备出聚己内酯(PCL)-壳聚糖(CS)多孔支架材料,并采用离心注浆填充新方法对支架材料进行增强,制备复合多孔支架材料。用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、元素分析、孔隙率和抗压强度对材料进行了表征。结果表明复合材料具有良好的界面结合;孔隙率分析表明材料具有60%~80%的孔隙率,符合骨组织工程对支架材料的要求;力学性能测试表明材料的压缩强度得到大幅度提高。     

骨组织工程用纳米羟基磷灰石/ 壳聚糖多孔支架材料的制备及性能表征

以16.7%(质量分数)的柠檬酸水溶液作溶剂,通过粒子沥滤法制备了 n HA/CS多孔材料,并对其进行了IR、XRD、SEM、孔隙率及力学性能测试。结果表明n HA/CS复合材料中羟基磷灰石呈弱结晶状态,复合前后两组分的化学组成未发生显著变化,但两相间发生了相互作用。多孔材料呈高度多孔结构,孔壁上富含微孔,孔间贯通性高;复合材料/致孔剂质量比为1时,多孔材料的孔隙率为 53%,其抗压强度可达17 MPa左右,可以满足组织工程支架材料的要求。     

溶剂自扩散法制备聚L-乳酸/β-磷酸三钙复合多孔支架材料

采用溶剂自扩散原理从聚L-乳酸(PLLA)/β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)氯仿液中沉积得到PLLA/β-TCP复合颗粒,研究了不同扩散介质对该过程的影响.研究表明制备复合颗粒以丙酮/无水乙醇混合液为扩散介质效果最佳,以其为扩散介质沉积速率快、沉积充分,且得到的复合颗粒可以经模压成型、粒子沥滤工艺制备PLLA/β-TCP多孔复合支架.对多孔支架进行了SEM、孔隙率、力学性能及有机溶剂残留量测试,结果表明制备的多孔支架孔结构三维贯通,孔隙率60.3%,抗压强度4.40MPa,氯仿、丙酮、无水乙醇残留量分别为3.630×10-5、2.07 × 10-6、2.517×10-5,满足组织工程支架材料要求.     

Ti-C含量对多孔TiC/FeAl复合材料孔型结构和力学性能的影响

以尿素为造孔剂,利用自蔓延高温合成技术制备了多孔TiC/FeAl复合材料,主要考察了Ti-C含量（质量分数为15wt%~35wt%）对多孔TiC/FeAl复合材料孔型结构和压缩性能的影响。当Ti-C含量不高于25wt%时,多孔TiC/FeAl复合材料由毫米孔和孔壁微孔组成规则的复合孔型结构。相互连通的毫米孔产生于尿素颗粒的挥发和液相迁移;微孔尺寸为10~50 μm,产生于Fe-Al-Ti-C粉末的自蔓延过程,孔径随Ti-C含量的增加而增大。通过调整尿素的体积分数,多孔TiC/FeAl复合材料的孔隙率可控制在56.64%~85.35%。当Ti-C含量不高于25wt%时,多孔TiC/FeAl复合材料的抗压强度随Ti-C含量的增加而增大。当Ti-C含量高于25wt%时,多孔TiC/FeAl复合材料壁面微孔形状很不规则,且抗压强度下降。孔隙率约为64.3%时,多孔Fe-Al金属间化合物和TiC/FeAl复合材料（Ti-C含量为25wt%）的抗压强度分别为20.03 MPa和66.68 MPa,对应的应变值分别为4.77%和8.21%。另外,多孔TiC/FeAl复合材料的压缩性能可用Gibson-Ashby模型来解释。     

聚L-乳酸/β-磷酸三钙复合骨支架材料成型工艺优化研究

利用溶剂自扩散-模压成型-粒子沥滤法制备聚L-乳酸(PLLA)/β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)复合多孔支架材料,采用正交设计对成型工艺进行了优化,对支架进行了形貌观察、力学强度和孔隙率大小测试.结果表明:当PLLA∶β-TCP=1∶2,成型压力5 MPa,致孔剂粒径125～400 μm,用量80%(wt)时,制备的支架材料孔结构三维贯通,抗压强度为4.45 MPa、孔隙率为60.7%,满足骨组织工程支架材料要求.     

多孔聚己内酯-壳聚糖复合支架材料的制备与表征

目的在于将壳聚糖(CS)和聚己内酯(PCL)二者的优点结合起来制备出多孔PCL-CS多孔复合支架材料,利用复合材料改善壳聚糖组分成型能力差、力学强度不高的缺点.制备方法是把壳聚糖和聚己内酯的混合溶液导入NaOH溶液中,适当速度搅拌.研究了不同含量样品的微结构、力学强度和孔隙率.结果表明:两种组分相互间混合很均匀,没有相分离发生,材料的孔隙来源有两个层次.材料的孔隙率随壳聚糖含量的增加而增加,抗压强度随之递减.     

聚L-乳酸/β-磷酸三钙复合骨支架材料成型工艺优化研究

利用溶剂自扩散-模压成型-粒子沥滤法制备聚L-乳酸(PLLA)/β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)复合多孔支架材料,采用正交设计对成型工艺进行了优化,对支架进行了形貌观察、力学强度和孔隙率大小测试。结果表明:当PLLA:β-TCP=1:2,成型压力5MPa,致孔剂粒径125～400μm,用量80% (wt)时,制备的支架材料孔结构三维贯通,抗压强度为4．45MPa、孔隙率为60．7%,满足骨组织工程支架材料要求。     

Preparation and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/polymer composite scaffolds

Polycaprolactone/chitosan (PCL/CS) porous composite scaffolds were prepared by solution phase separation method, and the scaffolds were further enhanced by filling with nano-hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol (n-HA/PVA) composite slurry to prepare n-HA-PVA/PCL-CS composite porous scaffolds through slurry centrifugal filling technique. The morphology, microstructure, component, porosity and mechanical property of the scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, elemental analyzer and material test machine. The results show that PCL/CS scaffolds have mutual transfixion porous structure just like honeycombs. The porosity of the scaffolds can achieve 60-80%. As the content of CS increases, the porosity increases while the compressive strength decreases. After filled with HA/PVA composite slurry, the porosity of n-HA/PCL-CS composite scaffolds decreases, but still greater than 60%, while the compression modulus can increase to 25.7 MPa.     

Development of polycaprolactone/chitosan blend porous scaffolds

Polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan were blended to fabricate porous scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications by employing a concentrated acetic acid solution as solvent and salt particles as porogen. These scaffolds showed well-controlled and interconnected porous structures. The pore size and porosity of the scaffolds could be effectively modulated by selecting appropriate amounts and sizes of porogen. The results obtained from compressive mechanical measurements indicated that PCL/chitosan could basically retain their strength in their dry state compared to individual components. In a hydrated state, their compressive stress and modulus could be still well maintained even though the weight ratio of chitosan reached around 50 wt%.     

Preparation and characterization of polycaprolactone-chitosan composites for tissue engineering applications

Highly porous scaffold plays an important role in bone tissue engineering, which becomes a promising alternative approach for bone repair since its emergence. The objective of this work was to blend poly (є-caprolactone) (PCL) with chitosan (CS) for the purpose of preparation of porous scaffold. A simple unique method was employed under room-temperature condition to blend the two components together without separation of two phases. The reaction leads to formation of sponge-like porous 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% CS composites. XRD, IR and SEM were used to determine components and morphology of the composites. DSC studies indicated that the miscibility of the two components. And pore volume fractures of composites were determined by a simple method in which a pycnometer was used. The results show that CS is successfully commingled into PCL matrix, and adding CS into PCL will not damage the crystalline structure of PCL. The composite shows no signs of phase separation and presents a unique porous structure under SEM observation. The porosity of composite increased with the increase of the content of CS in the composite. The highest porosity reached to 92% when CS content increased to 20 wt%. The mechanism of formation of this unique porous structure is also discussed.     

Fabrication and properties of porous scaffold of zein/PCL biocomposite for bone tissue engineering

The aim of this study was to fabricate porous scaffolds of zein/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) biocomposite by solvent casting–particulate leaching method using sodium chloride particles as the porogen. Porous biocomposite scaffolds with porosity around 70% and well-interconnected network were obtained. The incorporation of zein into PCL led to the improvement of hydrophilicity as indicated by the results of water contact angle measurement. After immersion in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in vitro for 28 days, it was observed that the degradation rate of the zein/PCL biocomposite scaffold was faster than the PCL scaffold and that the rate could be tailored by adjusting the amount of zein in the composite. The results demonstrate the potential of the zein/PCL biocomposite scaffolds to be used in tissue engineering strategies to regenerate bone defects.     

聚己内酯/羟基磷灰石晶须复合多孔支架的研究

采用溶液浇铸法,以二氯甲烷作为溶剂,制备了聚己内酯/羟基磷灰石晶须(PCL/HAw)复合多孔支架,并进行了正交试验,综合分析了不同配方量的PCL和HAw对材料机械性能的影响。结果表明,可通过控制PCL的量来控制支架的力学性能,通过加入HAw提高支架的亲水性能,支架的接触角实验显示其接触角为81°;PCL的结晶度会随着HAw含量的增加而增强,复合多孔支架的抗拉强度为1.43M~9.21MPa,并在PCL与HAw的质量比为100∶3时达到最大;细胞毒性实验显示,PCL/HAw复合多孔支架细胞毒性为0,满足生物材料使用要求。     

Fabrication of chitosan-g-polycaprolactone copolymer scaffolds with gradient porous microstructures

Chitosan-g-polycaprolactone copolymer (CPC) with a relatively low degree of substitution of polycaprolactone (PCL) and a PCL content of around 50 wt.% was first synthesized. CPC was further used to fabricate porous scaffolds with a novel processing method. Basing on a layer-by-layer assembly technique and choosing salt as porogen, these produced scaffolds showed interconnected porous microarchitectures with gradually increasing pore size and porosity along the longitudinal direction. By selecting an appropriate solvent and optimizing processing conditions, the resulting scaffolds would have various pore sizes and porosities which changed from ~ 85 to ~ 390 μm and from ~ 66% to ~ 91%, respectively.     

Electrospun bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds of polycaprolactone and nanohydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering

Nanocomposite scaffolds based on nanofibrous poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA) with different compositions (wt%) were prepared by electrostatic co-spinning to mimic the nano-features of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). NanoHA was found to be well dispersed in polymers up to the addition of 20 wt%, after ultrasonication. The composite scaffolds were characterized for structure and morphology using XRD, EDX, SEM, and DSC. The scaffolds have a porous nanofibrous morphology with fibers (majority) having diameters in the range of 450-650 nm, depending on composition, and interconnected pore structures. SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses have confirmed the presence of nanoHA in the fibers. As the nanoHA content in the fibers increases, the surface of fibers becomes rougher. The mechanical (tensile) property measurement of the electrospun composites reveals that as the nanoHA content increases, the ultimate strength increases from 1.68 MPa for pure PCL to 2.17, 2.65, 3.91, and 5.49 MPa for PCL/nanoHA composites with the addition of 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% nanoHA, respectively. Similarly the tensile modulus also increases gradually from 6.12 MPa to 21.05 MPa with the increase of nanoHA content in the PCL/nanoHA fibers, revealing an increase in stiffness of the fibers due to the presence of HA. DSC analysis reveals that as nanoHA in the composite scaffolds increases, the melting point slightly increases due to the good dispersion and interface bonding between PCL and nanoHA.     

壳聚糖/纤维素生物质发泡复合材料多孔结构的表征

以壳聚糖微粒为增强体,离子液体为纤维素溶剂,采用冷冻干燥法成功制备了壳聚糖/纤维素生物质发泡复合材料。利用SEM、XRD和TGA表征多孔复合材料微观结构、结晶性能以及热稳定性,测试了其孔隙率和吸水性能。实验结果表明:壳聚糖/纤维素多孔复合材料具有三维相互贯通的微孔结构,壳聚糖粉体有助于孔洞结构的形成,TGA结果显示纤维素多孔材料的热稳定性能得以提高。XRD结果显示纤维素经离子液体溶解再生后晶型结构由纤维素I转化为纤维素II。纤维素含量较低(≤4wt%)时,随1wt%壳聚糖粉体的加入,孔隙率明显提高。壳聚糖/纤维素多孔复合材料的力学性能随纤维素含量的增加而不断提高,而吸水性能有所下降。壳聚糖与纤维素质量比为1∶3时,壳聚糖/纤维素多孔复合材料孔隙率为72.7%,吸水率和相对保湿率分别为28.0g/g和17.6g/g,断裂强度和断裂伸长率分别为0.32 MPa和25.4%,能够作为一种优良的吸附材料用于制备高性能的医用敷料。