基于HVD与1.5维Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究北大核心

针对强背景噪声下滚动轴承微弱故障信号特征难以提取的特点,提出了一种基于Hilbert振动分解(HVD)与1.5维Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先将故障信号进行HVD分解,然后采用相关系数法重构原始信号,降低噪声的干扰,增强故障信号的冲击特征,最后对重构后的信号进行1.5维Teager能量谱运算,提取出滚动轴承的故障特征。     

基于1.5维Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对强背景噪声下滚动轴承微弱故障信号特征难以提取的特点,提出了基于最小熵解卷积与1.5维Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,首先利用最小熵解卷积(Minimum entropy deconvolution,MED)对强噪声下滚动轴承信号进行降噪处理,然后对降噪后的信号进行Teager能量算子解调,最后对解调后的信号进行1.5维谱分析。通过对内外圈故障的仿真信号及实验数据的处理分析,且与包络谱方法进行了对比,验证了该方法的有效性和准确性。     

基于改进EMD与谱峭度的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对滚动轴承故障信号的调制特点和其需要依靠经验来选择共振高频带的缺点,提出一种改进经验模态分解(EMD)与谱峭度法结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,通过EMD将滚动轴承故障信号分解为若干固有模态函数(IMF);然后通过互信息、峭度、互相关性剔除虚假IMF分量,重构故障信号;最后利用谱峭度设计最优带通滤波器,并对滤波后的信号进行包络解调分析,提取滚动轴承故障特征。滚动轴承故障实验信号分析结果表明,改进EMD与谱峭度方法能有效提取滚动轴承故障特征,且比传统包络分析方法更具优势。     

小波变换能量谱在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的特点,构造余弦调频小波,采用连续小波变换的方法来提取滚动轴承故障振动信号的特征,提出了一种滚动轴承故障诊断方法—小波能量谱比较法。通过对有缺陷的滚动轴承振动信号的分析,检测到轴承故障的存在,且能有效地识别出滚动轴承的故障模式。     

基于MCKD与1.5维Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承早期故障冲击特征微弱,背景噪声干扰严重,冲击特征难以提取,本文提出了一种基于最大相关峭度解卷积(Maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolution,简称MCKD)与1.5维Teager能量谱相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。由于轴承出现故障时其信号表现为周期性冲击,根据这一特性,本文首先利用MCKD的提取淹没在噪声信号中的周期性冲击特征成分,对原始信号进行降噪;然后再利用1.5维Teager能量谱得出信号的故障特征信息,并将该方法与谱峭度方法进行对比,通过仿真信号与实测信号验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于傅里叶分解与1.5维Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对强背景噪声下滚动轴承微弱故障特征难以提取的特点,提出了基于傅里叶分解(FDM)与1.5维Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先利用傅里叶分解的自适应性特点,将故障信号分解为若干个瞬时频率具有物理意义的固有频带函数,然后利用自相关系数法筛选固有频带函数进行信号重构,对重构后的信号求解1.5维Teager能量谱,从而得到故障特征频率,进行故障诊断。仿真结果表明,与传统的包络谱分析相比,该方法的故障特征更加明显,效果更好。最后将该方法成功地应用到实际的滚动轴承故障诊断中,进一步验证了该方法的有效性。     

连续小波变换在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的特点，构造脉冲响应小波，采用连续小波变换的方法来提取滚动轴承故障振动信号的特征，在此基础上提出了两种滚动轴承故障诊断方法：尺度——小波能量谱比较法和时间——小波能量谱自相关分析法。通过对滚动轴承外圈和内圈故障振动信号的分析，说明两种方法不仅能检测到滚动轴承故障的存在，而且能有效识别滚动轴承的故障模式，从而为滚动轴承故障诊断提供了一种新途径。     

基于全矢Autogram的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承单通道信号信噪比较低、不能全面和准确表征故障特征等问题,提出了一种基于全矢谱和自相关谱峭度图的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,计算互为垂直的两通道振动信号的自相关谱峭度图,得到信号中最佳频带的位置,并提取重构信号;其次,为了保证信号故障信息的全面性和获取精确故障特征信息,计算重构信号的全矢包络谱;最后,分析全矢包络谱中的故障特征进行故障诊断。通过分析仿真信号及实验数据,将所提方法与快速谱峭度和自相关谱峭度图等方法进行了对比,结果表明,所提故障诊断方法能够有效地提取滚动轴承的故障特征频率,提高故障诊断的精确性。     

基于HVD与1.5维Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

针对强背景噪声下滚动轴承微弱故障信号特征难以提取的特点,提出了一种基于Hilbert振动分解(HVD)与1.5维Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先将故障信号进行HVD分解,然后采用相关系数法重构原始信号,降低噪声的干扰,增强故障信号的冲击特征,最后对重构后的信号进行1.5维Teager能量谱运算,提取出滚动轴承的故障特征。     

基于数学形态学和模糊聚类的旋转机械故障诊断

提出了一种数学形态学与GG (Gath-Geva)模糊聚类相结合的旋转机械故障诊断方法,通过对滚动轴承信号的多尺度形态运算得到信号的形态谱,定量反映了信号在不同尺度下的形态变化特征.为进一步对滚动轴承信号进行故障识别,提取出基于形态学操作的分形维数和描述不同信号形态特征的指标即形态谱墒,并把这2个参数作为GG聚类的故障特征向量,进行聚类分析,同时对GG聚类与FCM(fuzzy center means)聚类和GK (Gustafaon-Kessel)聚类进行了比较.实验证明了基于数学形态学与GG聚类相结合的机械故障诊断方法的有效性,且证明了GG聚类更适合对不同形状、大小和密度的空间故障数据模糊聚类,聚类效果更好.     

Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing using a new optimal scale morphology analysis method

Periodic transient impulses are key indicators of rolling element bearing defects. Efficient acquisition of impact impulses concerned with the defects is of much concern to the precise detection of bearing defects. However, transient features of rolling element bearing are generally immersed in stochastic noise and harmonic interference. Therefore, in this paper, a new optimal scale morphology analysis method, named adaptive multiscale combination morphological filter-hat transform (AMCMFH), is proposed for rolling element bearing fault diagnosis, which can both reduce stochastic noise and reserve signal details. In this method, firstly, an adaptive selection strategy based on the feature energy factor (FEF) is introduced to determine the optimal structuring element (SE) scale of multiscale combination morphological filter-hat transform (MCMFH). Subsequently, MCMFH containing the optimal SE scale is applied to obtain the impulse components from the bearing vibration signal. Finally, fault types of bearing are confirmed by extracting the defective frequency from envelope spectrum of the impulse components. The validity of the proposed method is verified through the simulated analysis and bearing vibration data derived from the laboratory bench. Results indicate that the proposed method has a good capability to recognize localized faults appeared on rolling element bearing from vibration signal. The study supplies a novel technique for the detection of faulty bearing.     

基于ITD-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的轴承故障诊断

针对强背景噪声下滚动轴承振动信号故障特征信息难以提取的问题,提出了结合固有时间尺度分解(ITD)-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障特征提取与诊断方法。首先对滚动轴承振动信号采用ITD方法分解,得到若干个固有旋转分量;考虑到噪声主要分布在高频段,取前2个高频的固有旋转分量进行形态滤波,并将滤波后的信号与剩余固有旋转分量重构;对重构信号计算Teager能量算子并绘制Teager能量谱,从Teager能量谱中可以识别出故障特征。将本方法应用于滚动轴承的内圈故障和外圈故障诊断,结果表明ITD-形态滤波可以有效去除振动信号中的背景噪声并保留冲击特征,Teager能量谱可以直观并准确显示出故障特征。     

基于非负矩阵分解的单通道故障特征分离方法

针对单通道振动信号的多特征分离问题,提出了一种基于正交非负矩阵分解的故障特征提取方法。首先,采用短时傅里叶变换,利用时频分布来描述信号中的局部故障特征,通过核心一致性指标评估子空间维数;然后,在幅值谱矩阵分解的基础上,通过正交性约束实现低维嵌入分量信息的分离,获取局部特征的准确描述;最后,采用相位恢复理论重构出特征波形,对仿真信号和滚动轴承故障数据进行了测试。结果表明,所提出的方法能利用单通道信号有效地分离出微弱的局部故障特征,为机械状态的早期故障诊断识别提供了一种有效手段。     

Identification of faults through wavelet transform vis-à-vis fast Fourier transform of noisy vibration signals emanated from defective rolling element bearings

Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings requires efficient signal processing techniques. For this purpose, the performances of envelope detection with fast Fourier transform (FFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) of vibration signals produced from a bearing with defects on inner race and rolling element, have been examined at low signal to noise ratio. Both simulated and experimental signals from identical bearings have been considered for the purpose of analysis. The bearings have been modeled as spring-mass-dashpot systems and the simulated signals have been obtained considering transfer functions for the bearing systems subjected to impulsive loads due to the defects. Frequency B spline wavelets have been applied for CWT and a discussion on wavelet selection has been presented for better effectiveness. Results show that use of CWT with the proposed wavelets overcomes the short coming of FFT while processing a noisy vibration signals for defect detection of bearings.     

基于关联维数的滚动轴承故障诊断的研究

针对滚动轴承系统产生的非线性振动信号的特点,提出用关联维数来描述轴承振动信号的工作状态,进而对其进行故障诊断的方法。同时详细讨论了关联维数的计算方法,并对由轴承系统产生的非线性振动信号进行了关联维数的定量计算。实验表明,滚动轴承不同工作状态由不同的动力学机理产生,其关联维数明显不同。以关联维数作为滚动轴承的工作状态监测的依据,可以为提高滚动轴承故障诊断的准确率提供了一种有效的新方法。     

Diagnosis of bearing defects using tunable Q-wavelet transform

Defects in rolling element bearings are foremost cause of failure in rotating machines. The accurate and fast diagnosis of bearing defects like spall, dents, pits, cracks etc. on the various component of bearing can be accomplished by analysis of vibration signals using various advanced signal processing techniques. In this work, a new technique for the diagnosis of bearing defects using tunable Q-wavelet transform and fractal based features has been presented. The vibration signals have been recorded experimentally. These signals are decomposed into a number of sub-bands using tunable Q-wavelet transform for effective feature extraction. Classical statistical features and fractal dimension based features such as Higuchi fractal dimensions and Katz fractal dimensions are computed for each decomposed sub-band. These features obtained using tunable Q-wavelet transform of vibration signal are having better capability to classify defects through various machine learning algorithms.     

基于拉普拉斯分值和模糊C均值聚类的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳特征和故障征兆的模糊性,提出了基于拉普拉斯分值和模糊C均值（FCM）聚类的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先在时域和频域对滚动轴承振动信号进行特征提取,组成初始特征向量;然后利用拉普拉斯分值进行特征选择,形成故障特征向量;最后以FCM聚类为故障分类器,实现滚动轴承不同故障类型的识别。应用实例和对比实验表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承振动信号特征,诊断滚动轴承故障。     

基于路图拉普拉斯算子范数和马氏距离的滚动轴承故障诊断

为有效提取滚动轴承振动信号的故障特征,将图信号处理技术引入故障诊断领域。首先根据滚动轴承振动信号构造路图,获得路图信号;再将计算得到的路图拉普拉斯算子范数作为特征参数,构造不同故障的标准特征空间;最后通过测试样本与标准特征空间的马氏距离实现不同故障模式的识别。实测滚动轴承振动信号的分析结果表明,该方法能有效诊断轴承故障。     

Vibration analysis of rolling element bearings with various defects under the action of an unbalanced force

In this paper, a method based on the finite element vibration analysis is presented for defect detection in rolling element bearings with single or multiple defects on different components of the bearing structure using the time and frequency domain parameters. A dynamic loading model is proposed in order to create the nodal excitation functions used in the finite element vibration analysis as external loading. A computer code written in Visual Basic programming language with a graphical user interface is developed to create the nodal excitations for different cases including the outer ring, inner ring or rolling element defects. Forced vibration analysis of a bearing structure is performed using the commercial finite element package I-DEAS under the action of an unbalanced force transferred to the structure via a ball bearing. Time and frequency domain parameters such as rms, crest factor, kurtosis and band energy ratio for the frequency spectrum of the enveloped signals are used to analyse the effect of the defect location and the number of defects on the time and frequency domain parameters. The role of the receiving point for vibration measurements is also investigated. The vibration data for various defect cases including the housing structure effect can be obtained using the finite element vibration analysis in order to develop an optimum monitoring method in condition monitoring studies.     

Faults diagnosis of rolling element bearings based on modified morphological method

In order to effectively smooth noise and extract the impulse components in the vibration signals of defective rolling element bearings, a new modified morphology analytical method has been proposed. In this method, average of the closing and opening operator has been used as the morphology operator. Being the flat and zero adopted as the shape and the height of structure element (SE), respectively, the optimized length of SE is defined by a new proposed criterion (called SNR criterion). The effect of the new method is validated by both simulated impulsive signal and vibration signal of three defective rolling bearings with an outer, an inner and a rolling element faults and compared with Nikolaou’s method. The result shows that the proposed method has the superior performance in extracting impulsive characteristics of vibration signals, especially for the high level noise signals, and can implement better in diagnosis of defective rolling element bearing.