步进梁式加热炉汽化冷却初探

1序言热轧工厂采用的加热炉一般有推钢式加热炉和步进式加热炉两种，在推钢式加热炉上，我国早在60年代就应用了汽化冷却技术，至今已相当成熟，但在步进式加热炉上，国外在70年才开始出现汽化冷却技术投产的报导。到目前为止，我国自行设计的步进式加热炉采用的仍是水冷却系统，由于各种因素，仍未有步进式加热炉汽化冷却投入实际应用。2步进梁式加热炉采用水冷却系统存在的问题（1）水冷却方式的冷却水，在循环使用的过程中，冷却水通过冷却塔后，会吸收大气中的氧气，从而促使冷却管件内壁产生腐蚀。另外，水中所含的硬度在不断加热与浓…     

步进式加热炉滑道冷却方式的发展趋势

简要介绍了国外步进式加热炉汽化冷却发展情况。从理论上、实际运用上较详细地阐述了步进炉采用汽化冷却优于水冷却。     

步进式加热炉节能技术的应用

通过在步进式加热炉中采用单蓄热式燃烧技术和新型燃烧装置,合理选用耐火材料和炉墙结构、炉压控制、变频调速、强制汽化冷却等多项节能减排技术,并通过合理计算与设备选型,实现了步进式加热炉节能效果显著的目标.     

步进式加热炉汽化冷却节电初探

介绍了在首钢第一线材厂步进式加热炉汽化冷却设计中，以优化设计改进现有设备和技术，实现了高效节电的效果。     

自启动全炉汽化冷却装置

洛阳钢厂二轧分厂加热炉自启动全炉汽化冷却装置，汽包正常水位与最低炉底管中心标高差仅为２．５７ｍ。占用空间少，系统结构简单，非常有利于旧炉改造。一年多的运行实践证明，该装置操作简单、维护方便、安全可靠、年节约新水１００余万ｔ。     

高线加热炉及精整线改造

针对高线生产线上加热炉、精整线上存在的不足，对其进行了技术改造，坯料断面由130方增至150方，成品重量由1．25吨，增至2．00吨，将推钢式加热炉改为汽化冷却步进梁式加热护，延长水冷线和风冷线，同时加热质量、打捆包装质量都有明显提高。     

兰钢六五零轧钢厂1~#加热炉汽化冷却系统改造

轧钢加热炉炉底水管采用汽化冷却既可以改善冷却效果，节约用水，获得蒸汽，又可以延长水管的使用寿命。加热炉汽化冷却系统安全稳定运行是加热炉有效使用的关键所在；因此，提高汽化冷却系统运行的稳定性、安全性是该系统改造的方向。多年来，兰钢六五零轧钢厂对1#加热炉汽化冷却系统进行了多项改造，收到了显著效果。1改造前汽化冷却系统概况兰钢六五零轧钢厂1#炉为工段式连续推钢加热炉，炉底有效尺寸为29．058m×3．48m＝100m2，该炉汽化冷却系统建于1977年，设计为高位汽包（汽包高度为15．945m），自然循环，采用蒸汽引射启动，设计蒸…     

当前热轧线步进式加热炉节能的思考

至2018年,我国主要钢铁行业热轧线加热炉普遍使用步进式气化冷却方式加热炉炉型,普遍面临电能消耗较高的问题。因此,如何合理组织生产,合理进行设备选型,并采用新技术降低电能消耗成为降低生产成本的关键因素。本文从影响加热炉电能消耗的三个因素,即助燃风机、引风机和汽化冷却循环系统,步进式加热炉炉用机械液压驱动系统等方面进行分析并给出建议和措施,进行节能改进,从而降低步进式加热炉电能消耗。     

线材轧钢厂加热炉汽化冷却控制的改造

新疆八钢线材厂加热炉汽化冷却的管路、阀型、控制方式经改造后，汽化冷却控制由现场手动调节改为远程电控，汽化冷却系统运行可靠，与加热炉系统实现并行监控。     

生产特殊钢带的现代化施特克尔热带钢轧机

现代化的施特克尔轧机采用了液压辊缝调节装置、ＣＶＣ－工作辊移动装置和温度控制可调的卷取加热炉装备。其中各种轧机的生产能力可有很大的不同。萨勒姆钢厂的轧机已生产带钢１０万ｔ／ａ，并计划扩建成２０万ｔ／ａ能力的设备。阿维斯塔钢公司的轧机，设计能力为２５万ｔ／ａ，生产了约６０万ｔ／ａ。Ｙｉｅｈ联合钢公司的轧机，设计能力为６０万ｔ／ａ。根据设计特点，在这类轧机上可以轧制不锈钢及碳钢材质的热带钢和厚板。生产     

莱钢锻压厂型钢加热炉节能技术改造

莱钢锻压厂型钢车间加热炉存在能耗高、炉型结构不合理、炉内滑轨不稳固等问题,经分析采取了优化炉子三段比例,以汽化冷却代替无水冷滑轨、炉内采用扼流结构等措施。改造后,煤气单耗从1.96GJ/t下降到1.58GJ/t。     

Mathematical model of metallurgical thermal processes and application

There are lots of physical changes and chemical reactions in the processes of iron and steel making, these processes are quite complex in the aspect of heat transfer.The processes of iron and steel making can be approximately divided into three kinds.The first kinds are the processes of fusion metallurgy which involve enormous chemical reactions,such as blast furnace,converter,electric furnace and coke oven.The second kinds are the processes of heating and cooling which are mainly the physical changes,such as walking-beam reheating furnace,annular heating furnace and car-type furnace.The third kinds are the processes of heat treatment which mainly adjust metallurgical structure of metal,such as roller hearth heat treatment furnace, strip continuous heat treatment vertical/horizontal furnace and HPH bell-type annealing furnace.Every process can only be finished in particular thermal equipment.And all the physical and chemical processes mentioned above must obey first principles of engineering thermodynamics,heat & mass transfer,hydromechanics, combustion,metallurgy physical chemistry etc,and which can be summarized as principle of heat transfer,mass transfer,momentum transfer and chemistry reaction.In this paper,based on first principle of heat and mass transfer in iron and steel making processes,a series of mathematical models of thermal equipments and processes are presented.Such as the model of hot-blast stoves,coke oven,CDQ-boiler system,sintering, reheating furnace,soaking furnace,annular heating furnace,roller hearth heat treatment furnace,strip continuous heat treatment vertical/horizontal furnace,HPH bell-type annealing furnace,control cooling of medium plate,burner,heat exchanger and regenerative burner etc.The on-line application of the model is based on experimental certification of the mathematical model.And finally the computer optimization system of metallurgical thermal process is obtained.     

鞍钢宽厚板厂步进式加热炉A3A控制系统功能分析

介绍鞍钢宽厚板厂步进式加热炉的工艺流程，并分析其Ａ３Ａ控制系统的板坯测长、炉前板坯对中定位、推钢机定位、步进梁行程定位、出钢机定位等全自动控制功能。     

两种类型薄板坯连铸连轧生产线配置研究

薄板坯连铸连轧工艺有两个发展趋向:超薄带钢生产线和多品种生产线。针对这两种不同类型生产线的要求,提出了相应的总体配置方案,包括生产线产能和产品的品种及规格确定;铸坯合理厚度、薄板坯连铸机流数、机型、结晶器类型的选择;加热方式的选择及辊底式加热炉炉长的计算;粗轧机组和精轧机组的配置及铁素体轧制和半无头轧制技术的应用等。     

Oxidation of low carbon steel in multicomponent gases: Part II. Reaction mechanisms during reheating

Oxidation behavior of low carbon steel during reheating in an industrial walking-beam steel reheat furnace was investigated. It was observed that scaling (oxidation) rates were reduced by reducing the input air/fuel ratio to the furnace, thereby lowering concentrations of free oxygen in the combustion products from about 3 to 1.5 pct. Laboratory experiments involving isothermal and nonisothermal oxidation were carried out in atmospheres consisting of oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen. A general equation for the prediction of weight gains due to oxidation during reheating, using isothermal oxidation rate constants, was developed. The prediction of weight gains from nonisothermal oxidation conducted in the laboratory was poor, owing to a separation of the scale from the metal substrate which took place at about 900 °C. The predicted weight gains during reheating in the industrial reheat furnace indicated that oxidation rates during reheating were intermediate between linear and parabolic, especially during reheating with high air/fuel ratio. However, the linear mechanism predominated. Laboratory isothermal experiments for oxidation in atmospheres containing free oxygen showed that the magnitude of the linear oxidation rates was determined by the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere. It was concluded that the observed reduction in scaling rates during reheating of low carbon steel in the industrial reheat furnace was a result of the lower free oxygen level in the furnace atmosphere.     

铜扁锭步进式加热炉的技术创新

文章结合本公司自主开发的端进端出式铜扁锭加热炉的设计过程,指出炉子方案制定和设计时需要注意的事项,重点介绍了端进端出式步进炉在新技术、新装备方面的开发应用,并提出该炉型在以后设计过程中需要技术改进的方面。     

中型材车间轧钢加热炉节能潜力分析及挖潜措施

石横特殊钢厂中型车间轧钢加热炉存在炉型结构不合理、换热器阻力大、水冷系统热量浪费严重等问题，为此提出了改造炉型结构、换热器、水冷系统、改变燃料结构等挖潜措施，并预测了改造后的效益。     

浅谈步进式加热炉步距不稳的原因及对策

介绍轧钢厂步进式加热炉步距控制的原理,结合广钢股份加热炉的实际运行状况,从液压,机械及操作三方面分析了步进式加热炉步距不稳的原因,提出了确保步距稳定的相应对策。     

步进式加热炉自动控制系统

结合工程实例,详细介绍了步进式加热炉的控制系统,包括硬件系统和软件系统,并根据炉子的工艺要求,在Step7 V5.2的平台基础上开发了先进的软件系统,满足了生产高质量产品的要求。