基于Java的移动地理信息服务关键技术研究

本文阐述了基于Java的移动地理信息服务出现的背景和定义。在详细分析移动地理信息服务当前解决方案的基础上,提出了包括表现层、接入层、网关、移动运营商平台和定位平台、服务提供商平台、GIS服务层以及数据层的移动地理信息服务的七层体系结构,并分别对每层功能作了进行了阐述。分析了适于移动地理信息服务的无线定位、服务端地图缓冲、空间数据的多尺度表达以及面向移动终端的空间数据模型四种关键技术,并提出了具体解决方案。实现了移动地理信息服务基于J2ME和J2EE解决方案及给出具体实例,并分析了其应用前景。     

基于MapGuide的油田地面管理信息系统

根据油田地面工程信息管理需求,开发基于MapGuide的具有3层浏览器/服务器(Browser/Serrer,B/S)体系结构的WebGIS,建立油田地面管理信息系统. 该系统具有地图浏览、数据动态添加、实时显示和漫游等功能;充分利用WebGIS技术,建立共享管理平台,实现油田地面信息管理的网络化;实现油田单井、管线、站库、厂区、道路和地形等地面数据的统一管理,形成集原油、天然气、油田伴生气集输,注水和采出水处理管网,以及输供电线路为一体的可视化数据平台,为数字油田的地面工程管理提供解决方案. 该系统在江苏油田的应用证明其可行性.     

基于ASP组件技术的WebGIS解决方案

万维网地理信息系统（WebGIS）是Internet技术与现代地理信息系统技术相结合的产物。它的产生给国民经济和人民生活带来了十分深远的影响。该文在对WebGIS现状及其解决方案进行研究之后,提出了一种新的WebGIS解决方案--MAPGIS-Web。该方案以ASP组件技术为基础,以国产GIS软件MAPGIS为平台,采用目前较为流行的三层Client/Server体系结构。其中GIS Data服务器层负责所有空间数据的存取,WebGIS服务器层负责所有空间数据的逻辑运算和操作,而浏览器端只负责请求和接收HTML网页,因此该解决方案具有与客户端平台无关、软件重用性高、服务器端建站快速等特点。     

物流时空信息系统框架与关键技术

为了对物流时空信息进行有效地表达和处理,从WebGIS的视角出发,提出了基于B/S的,包括表现层、服务提供商平台层、应用服务器层、数据层的物流空间信息系统4层体系结构及框架。对其中的关键技术进行了分析,提出了相应的解决方案,并给出了具体实例。     

基于ASP组件技术的WebGIS的研究与实现

万维网地理信息系统(WebGIS)是Internet技术与现代地理信息系统技术相结合的产物。该文在对WebGIS现状及其解决方案进行研究之后,提出了一种新的WebGIS解决方案—MAPGIS-IMS。该方案以国产GIS软件MAPGIS为平台,ASP组件技术为基础,利用ASP来实现界面的显示和交互,采用三层Client/Server体系结构。MAPGIS-IMS是继MAPGIS-Web之后,中地公司推出的新一代WebGIS产品,相比MAPGIS-Web更加完善与成熟。     

基于MapXtreme的WebGIS解决方案

本文分析了具有代表性的WebGIS平台MapXtreme的基本结构、工作原理以及基于MapXtreme的两种GIS数据管理策略，讨论了在GIS数据管理过程中可能遇到的问题，并提出了解 决的方法。文章还描述了基于MapXtreme的WebGIS的体系结构，分析了在这种结构下的客户端解决方案、网站的扩展性策略等关键技术，最后简要介绍了一个实例。     

面向分布式处理的WebGIS平台软件开发

目前已有许多WebGIS平台软件,但在分布式数据访问处理这个问题上,尚无完全成熟的解决方案。在研究和分析国内外已有WebGIS软件技术的基础上,探索了分布式WebGIS系统的实现方案,采用Java技术从底层开发了一个WebGIS平台软件。利用该软件所建立的基于SIG的城市空间信息服务系统原型能够实现对分布式空间数据的访问操作,为进一步实现分布式异构数据的共享和互操作打下了一个基础。     

Web GIS的XML解决方案

在WebGIS中数据的共享以及如何在繁多的GIS软件之间有效地表达共同的信息 ,从而使人们不限于任何的开发平台进行数据的交换的关键性已日益显现。而这正是XML在今天变得日益普及的原因。本文为XML在WebGIS中的应用提出了一个解决方案 ,从而实现不基于特定平台的信息共享及分析。     

XML与WebGIS的空间数据管理技术

论述了WebGIS当前面临的空间数据管理方面的难点以及Web的新兴语言－XML的概念和特征,旨在说明在WebGIS中应用XML进行空间数据处理的优势和良好的发展前景;并以WebGIS的三层结构解决方案为例,简述了XML在WebGIS数据处理中的应用概要。     

基于MapXtreme的交通WebGIS的实现方法

文中分析了基于MapXtreme的WebGIS的工作原理。在WebGIS平台MapXtreme的条件下，利用空间数据库管理系统OradeSpatial管理GIS数据可能遇到的问题。并提出了解决的方法。描述了基于MapXtreme的WebGIS的4层结构，并分析了在这种结构下网站的扩展性策略等关键技术，最后简要介绍了一个基于OracleSpatial的运行实例。     

Normal-boundary intersection based parametric multi-objective optimization of green sand mould system

In manufacturing engineering optimization, it is often that one encounters scenarios that are multi-objective (where each of the objectives portray different aspects of the problem). Thus, it is crucial for the engineer to have access to multiple solution choices before selecting of the best solution. In this work, a novel approach that merges meta-heuristic algorithms with the Normal Boundary Intersection (NBI) method is introduced. This method then is used generate optimal solution options to the green sand mould system problem. This NBI based method provides a near-uniform spread of the Pareto frontier in which multiple solutions with gradual trade-offs in the objectives are obtained. Some comparative studies were then carried out with the algorithms developed and used in this work and that from some previous work. Analysis on the performance as well as the quality of the solutions produced by the algorithms is presented here.     

支持动态编辑的交通路网语义建模方法

针对现有交通路网语义建模方法不支持新增道路、道路加宽/变窄、潮汐车道设置、 道路连通性设置等路网交通属性动态编辑修改的问题,提出了一种支持动态编辑的交通路网语 义建模方法。通过分析路网内正常路段和交叉路口之间的耦合关系,给出了由传统 Lane、路口 Lane,Link,Connection,Intersection 以及 Road 等组成的具有层次耦合关系的路网语义数据。 只需输入道路中轴线数据,上述语义数据即可全部自动生成。路网交通属性动态编辑修改后, 只需对相应路段和相连路口语义进行解耦重新计算即可完成路网语义数据的动态更新。实验结 果表明,只需要输入道路中轴线矢量数据和道路宽度数据,该方法即可准确、高效地完成交通 路网语义建模,并且支持路网交通属性的动态编辑且可以实现交通相位的自动生成。     

Application of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in multi-criteria decision in noise action plans: Prioritizing road stretches

Traffic noise is one of the major environmental impacts of road infrastructures. Critical study of published Noise Action Plans (NAP) signals a widespread lack of objective criteria and methodologies for prioritizing actions against noise as well as the suitability of solutions. The present paper develops a methodology to sort, by priority, road stretches included in a NAP. In obtaining and allocating weights to variables involved in the decision-making problem (“Road Stretch Priority Variables”) to define a normalized numerical index (“Road Stretch Priority Index”), Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) with two different defuzzification methods is applied to the results of an expert panel. Comparison of the outcomes of both FAHP versions, plus analysis of the results of a case study, enables to determine the relative influence of these variables in the problem. An objective and reasoned methodology for the prioritized classification of road stretches according to noise problems is thereby validated.     

Analysis of the bus chaining phenomenon in traffic congestion

This paper describes the development of a microscopic simulation model purely from a traffic engineering point of view, to perform numerical analysis on the bus chaining phenomenon observed in traffic congestion. Bus chaining creates impatience among passengers, and is one of the greatest problems faced by a bus scheduler. The simulation study was performed to understand why bus chaining occurs, when it is likely to occur and whether it is possible to eliminate it. This model has been developed using a set of general purpose subroutines of the ATRAS (Automobile TRAffic Simulator) such as the Road Element, the Intersection Element and the Vehicle Generating Point. Although the simulation model is microscopic, the validation and verification procedures employed in this research are macroscopic. In the simulation process, since random numbers play a significant role, tests for randomness are inevitable. Surrounding traffic volume and the number of waiting passengers at bus stops are the key variables considered in the analysis. Simulation results show that the amount of bus chaining increases with the increase in the number of waiting passengers, even at a comparatively low volume of traffic. However, if the number of waiting passengers is increased, a high volume of traffic does not increase the bus chaining. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Intersection Typed λ-calculus

The aim of this paper is to discuss the design of an explicitly typed λ-calculus corresponding to the Intersection Type Assignment System (IT) which assigns intersection types to the untyped λ-calculus. Two different proposals are given. The logical foundation of all of them is the Intersection Logic IL.     

基于改进的Faster R-CNN的通用目标检测框架

针对当前基于深度学习的检测器不能有效检测形状不规则或长宽相差悬殊的目标的问题,在传统Faster R-CNN算法的基础上,提出了一个改进的二阶段目标检测框架——Accurate R-CNN。首先,提出了新的交并比（IoU）度量——有效交并比（EIoU）,通过提出中心度权重来降低训练数据中冗余包围框的占比。然后,提出了一个上下文相关的特征重分配模块（FRM）,通过建模目标的远程依赖和局部上下文关系信息对特征进行重编码,以弥补池化过程中的形状信息损失。实验结果表明,在微软多场景通用目标（MS COCO）数据集上,对于包围框检测任务,当使用深度为50和101的残差网络（ResNet）作为骨干网络时,Accurate R-CNN比基线模型Faster R-CNN的平均精度（AP）分别提高了1.7个百分点和1.1个百分点,超越了使用同样骨干网络的基于掩膜的检测器。在添加掩膜分支后,对于实例分割任务,当使用两种不同深度的ResNet作为骨干网络时,Accurate R-CNN比Mask R-CNN的掩膜平均精度分别提高了1.2个百分点和1.1个百分点。研究结果显示,相较于基线模型,Accurate R-CNN在不同数据集、不同任务上均取得了更好的检测效果。     

Finite-Resolution Simplicial Complexes

Simplicial complexes are used to model topology in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Line intersection is an essential operation to update them. We introduce a finite-resolution line intersection method, called Zero Order Intersection, and apply it to simplicial complexes. Any reliable implementation of a line intersection algorithm has to address the limitations of a discrete computational environment. If handled improperly, finite representation can cause drifting lines and similar effects in otherwise topologically consistent data. The Zero Order Intersection method is designed to avoid such inconsistencies. Its application to simplicial complexes results in the Discrete Simplicial Data Model which guarantees consistency and reliability of topological queries within a GIS.     

Adaptive weighted-sum method for bi-objective optimization: Pareto front generation

This paper presents a new method that effectively determines a Pareto front for bi-objective optimization with potential application to multiple objectives. A traditional method for multiobjective optimization is the weighted-sum method, which seeks Pareto optimal solutions one by one by systematically changing the weights among the objective functions. Previous research has shown that this method often produces poorly distributed solutions along a Pareto front, and that it does not find Pareto optimal solutions in non-convex regions. The proposed adaptive weighted sum method focuses on unexplored regions by changing the weights adaptively rather than by using a priori weight selections and by specifying additional inequality constraints. It is demonstrated that the adaptive weighted sum method produces well-distributed solutions, finds Pareto optimal solutions in non-convex regions, and neglects non-Pareto optimal solutions. This last point can be a potential liability of Normal Boundary Intersection, an otherwise successful multiobjective method, which is mainly caused by its reliance on equality constraints. The promise of this robust algorithm is demonstrated with two numerical examples and a simple structural optimization problem.     

Fast Pareto set generation for nonlinear optimal control problems with multiple objectives

Many practical engineering problems involve the determination of optimal control trajectories for given multiple and conflicting objectives. These conflicting objectives typically give rise to a set of Pareto optimal solutions. To enhance real-time decision making efficient approaches are required for determining the Pareto set in a fast and accurate way. Hereto, the current paper integrates efficient multiple objective scalarisation strategies (e.g., Normal Boundary Intersection and Normalised Normal Constraint) with fast deterministic approaches for dynamic optimisation (e.g., Single and Multiple Shooting). All techniques have been implemented as an easy-to-use add-on module of the automatic control and dynamic optimisation toolkit ACADO (both freely available at ). Several algorithmic synergies (e.g., hot-start initialisation strategies) are exploited for an additional speed-up. The features of ACADO Multi-Objective are discussed and its use is illustrated on different multiple objective optimal control problems arising in several engineering disciplines.     

Workshop report: The two-day workshop on Research Issues in the Intersection between Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (held in conjunction with ICSE-16)

As the need for more complex software systems increases so does the need for developing systematic and standardized methods for software design and maintenance. Artificial Intelligence can play an important role in this activity as it may provide efficient, adaptable and customizable solutions. Domain analysis, program representation, process modeling, software testing and software verification are all areas that can benefit from the use of A.I techniques, including knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, problem solving algorithms and theorem proving. This paper discusses the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques in Software Engineering, as it was presented in the ICSE 16's workshop on Research Issues in the Intersection between Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence.